中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏
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摘要
自中新世末 (大约 5 .2Ma)至今是中国近海新生代盆地裂后热沉降最活跃的时期 ,并伴随着裂后构造再活动 .这一期构造运动 ,即本文所定义的新构造运动 ,调整和控制了各含油气盆地的油气最终成藏和油气田的定型分布 .阐述了新构造运动的概念、识别依据、成因机制以及对油气藏形成的控制 .在中国近海 ,新构造运动的主要表现包括中新统末、上新统与第四系之间及层系内部的不整合、中新世和第四纪沉降、沉积中心的迁移、非常发育的晚期断裂活动及活跃的天然地震等 .不同盆地新构造运动的强度、发育机制不同 ,其对油气成藏与分布的控制亦不同 .以渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷、莺歌海盆地和东海盆地西湖坳陷为例 ,系统地论述了中国近海新构造运动对油气藏形成的控制和影响 .渤海新构造运动控制了渤中坳陷及其周围油气晚期成藏 ,莺歌海盆地底辟活动控制了天然气晚期成藏 ,东海西湖坳陷新构造运动部分破坏了油气藏
The Tertiary offshore Chinese basins have been undergoing the most rapid post-rift thermal subsidence since the end of the Miocene (about 5.2 Ma). The thermal subsidence is accompanied by tectonic re-activation. Tectonic movements, i.e. the neotectonics as defined in this paper, modify and control the ultimate petroleum accumulation and distribution in these offshore petroleum-bearing basins. The concept, distinguishing characteristics, genetic mechanism of the neotectonics as well as their controlling role on petroleum accumulation are presented and discussed in this paper. The main manifestations of the neotectonics in the offshore Chinese basins include the formation of unconformities on the end of the Miocene and the Pliocene within the sequences, the shift of sedimentation centers, the strong late-stage fault activities and the active natural earthquakes. The intensity, development mechanism of the neotectonics, and their controls on petroleum accumulation and distribution are quite different in different basins. Some case studies from the Bozhong depression in the Bohai Bay basin, the Yinggehai basin in the South China Sea, and the Xihu depression in the East China Sea basin indicate that the neotectonics plays an important role on late petroleum accumulation in the offshore Chinese basins.
The Tertiary offshore Chinese basins have been undergoing the most rapid post-rift thermal subsidence since the end of the Miocene (about 5.2 Ma). The thermal subsidence is accompanied by tectonic re-activation. Tectonic movements, i.e. the neotectonics as defined in this paper, modify and control the ultimate petroleum accumulation and distribution in these offshore petroleum-bearing basins. The concept, distinguishing characteristics, genetic mechanism of the neotectonics as well as their controlling role on petroleum accumulation are presented and discussed in this paper. The main manifestations of the neotectonics in the offshore Chinese basins include the formation of unconformities on the end of the Miocene and the Pliocene within the sequences, the shift of sedimentation centers, the strong late-stage fault activities and the active natural earthquakes. The intensity, development mechanism of the neotectonics, and their controls on petroleum accumulation and distribution are quite different in different basins. Some case studies from the Bozhong depression in the Bohai Bay basin, the Yinggehai basin in the South China Sea, and the Xihu depression in the East China Sea basin indicate that the neotectonics plays an important role on late petroleum accumulation in the offshore Chinese basins.
引文
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Gong,Z .S .,Li,S .T .,Xie,T .J .,1997.Continentalmarginbasinanalysisandhydrocarbonaccumulationofthenorth ernSouthChinaSea.SciencePress,Beijing,510(inChi nese)
Gong,Z .S .,Wang,G .C .,2001.Neotectonismandlatehydro carbonaccumulationinBohaiSea.ActaPetroleiSinica,22(2):1-8(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)
Hao,F .,Li,S .T .,Gong,Z .S .,etal.,2000.Thermalregime,inter reservoircompositionalheterogeneities,andreservoir fillinghistoryoftheDongfanggasfield,Yinggehaibasin,SouthChinaSea:Evidenceforepisodicfluidinjectionsinoverpressuredbasins?AAPGBulletin,84(5):607-626.
Hao,F .,Li,S .T .,Sun,Y .C .,etal.,1995.Overpressureretar dationoforganic mattermaturationandhydrocarbongen eration:AcasestudyfromtheYinggehaiandQiongdong nanbasins,offshoreSouthChinaSea.AAPGBulletin,79:551-562.
Huang,Z .J .,Li,Y .C .,2002.HydrocarbonsourcepotentialofDongyingFormationinBozhongdepression,BohaiBaybasin.ChinaOffshoreOilandGas(Geology),16(2):102-106(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)
Li,T .Y .,2000.EvolutionofterranetectonicsinEastAsia.ScienceDevelopment,28(10):754-762(inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
Mi,L .J .,2001.TheneotectonismandmajorNeogeneoilandgasfieldsinBohaiSea.ChinaOffshoreOilandGas(Ge ology),15(1):21-28(inChinesewithEnglishab stract)
Qiu,Z .J .,Gong,Z .S .,1999.PetroleumexplorationinChina.GeologicalPublishingHouse,PetroleumIndustryPress,Beijing,1223(inChinese)
Yin,X .L .,Li,S .T .,Yang,J.H .,2003.DigitalsimulationofstructuralstressfieldandflowfieldinDF11diapir.EarthScience—JournalofChinaUniversityofGeosciences,28(3):268-275(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)
Ziagos,J .P .,Blackwell,D .D .,1986.Amodelforthetransienttemperaturegeothermalsystem.JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,27(3):371-397.
龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,1997.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,510.
龚再升,王国纯,2001.渤海新构造运动控制油气晚期成藏.石油学报,22(2):1-8.
黄正吉,李友川,2002.渤海湾盆地渤中坳陷东营组烃源岩的烃源前景.中国海上油气(地质),16(2):102-106.
李通艺,2000.东亚地体构造演化的回顾与展望.科学发展月刊,28(10):754-762.
米立军,2001.新构造运动与渤海海域新近系大油气田.中国海上油气(地质),15(1):21-28.
邱中建,龚再升,1999.中国油气勘探.北京:地质出版社,石油工业出版社,1223.
殷秀兰,李思田,杨计海,2003.DF1-1底辟区构造应力场及渗流场演化的数值模拟研究.地球科学———中国地质大学学报,28(3):268-275.
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