岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究
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摘要
冲击矿压(岩爆)造成矿山巷道及开采空间的破坏,主要原因也是由于冲击震源产生的震动波传播扰动而引起的。采用TDS–6微震信号数据采集试验系统,通过地面不同场地介质进行的微震试验,得到沿传播距离各个拾震器位置的能量变化曲线,并对比分析不同场地介质中冲击震动波传播能量衰减指数的差异。试验结果表明,岩土介质中冲击震动能量沿传播距离呈乘幂关系衰减。能量衰减指数η在完整坚硬致密介质中很小,而在松散软弱孔隙介质中明显增大,而且能量初始衰减很快,到一定距离后则变得非常微弱。这些结论为进一步研究巷道围岩冲击震动破坏机制、巷道围岩防冲抗震的强弱强结构控制原理等奠定理论基础。
The transmitting and attenuation laws of stress wave in rocks are important and hot research issues in geotechnical engineering and mining engineering.The major reason that roadway or working face is destroyed by rockburst is also the transmitting wave of earthquake tremor.Using TDS–6 seismic experiment instrument,the experiment on the transmitting law of earthquake tremor is carried out for different rocks;and energy attenuation curve is achieved with analyzing the different above-mentioned curves.Experimental results reveal that shock energy attenuates exponentially with the distance from the explosive center.The energy attenuation index η is considerably small in intensified rock and soil media,but much larger in weak or soft media apparently.The energy attenuates quickly in the beginning,and it will disappear after certain distances.These conclusions provide the theoretical basis for studying the failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock subjected to rockburst and forming the control principle of strong-soft-strong structure for roadway to prevent rockburst.
The transmitting and attenuation laws of stress wave in rocks are important and hot research issues in geotechnical engineering and mining engineering.The major reason that roadway or working face is destroyed by rockburst is also the transmitting wave of earthquake tremor.Using TDS–6 seismic experiment instrument,the experiment on the transmitting law of earthquake tremor is carried out for different rocks;and energy attenuation curve is achieved with analyzing the different above-mentioned curves.Experimental results reveal that shock energy attenuates exponentially with the distance from the explosive center.The energy attenuation index η is considerably small in intensified rock and soil media,but much larger in weak or soft media apparently.The energy attenuates quickly in the beginning,and it will disappear after certain distances.These conclusions provide the theoretical basis for studying the failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock subjected to rockburst and forming the control principle of strong-soft-strong structure for roadway to prevent rockburst.
引文
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[10]姜耀东,赵毅鑫,宋彦琦,等.放炮震动诱发煤矿巷道动力失稳机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3 131–3 136.(JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin,SONG Yanqi,et al.Analysis of blasting tremor impact of roadway stability in coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3 131–3 136.(in Chinese))
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 048–2 053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research on multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 048–2 053.(in Chinese))
[12]北京泰润齐科技有限公司.TDS–6微震仪使用说明书[R].北京:北京泰润齐科技有限公司,2005.(Beijing Tairunqi Co.,Ltd..TDS–6 shock instrument user′s manual[R].Beijing:Beijing Tairunqi Co.,Ltd.,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]郭履灿,赵凤竹.震级与震源参数测定[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1986.(GUO Lucan,ZHAO Fengzhu.Earthquake magnitude and earthquake source parameter determination[M].Beijing:China Science and Technique Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[14]谢毓寿.地震烈度[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.(XIE Yushou.Earthquake intensity[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[15]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Theory and technique of rockburst prevention[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[2]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994.(LI Xibing,GU Desheng.Rock impact dynamics[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[3]吴文,徐松林,杨春和,等.盐岩冲击特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 613–3 620.(WU Wen,XU Songlin,YANG Chunhe,et al.Testing studies on response behaviour of rock salt to impacting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 613–3 620.(in Chinese))
[4]GRADY D E,KIPP M E.The micromechanics of impact fracture of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1979,16(6):293–302.
[5]TRUNIN R F.Shock compressibility of condensed materials in strong shock waves generated by underground nuclear explosive[J].Physics Uspekhi,1994,37(11):1 123–1 146.
[6]寇绍金,虞吉林,杨根宏.石灰岩中应力波衰减机制的试验研究[J].力学学报,1982,14(6):583–588.(KOU Shaojin,YU Jilin,YANG Genhong.Testing studies on attenuation mechanics of stress wave in limestone[J].Journal of Mechanics,1982,14(6):583–588.(in Chinese))
[7]GOLDSMITH W,POLIVKA M,YANG T.Dynamic behaviour of concrete[J].Experimental Mechanics,1966,6(2):65–69.
[8]李夕兵,陈寿如,古德生.岩石在不同加载波下的动载强度[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1994,25(3):301–304.(LI Xibing,CHEN Shouru,GU Desheng.Dynamic strength of rock under impulse loads with different stress waveforms and Durations[J].Journal of Central-south Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1994,25(3):300–304.(in Chinese))
[9]高明仕.冲击矿压巷道围岩的强弱强结构控制机制研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2006.(GAO Mingshi.Study on the strong-soft-strong structure control mechanism of roadway subjected to rockburst[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]姜耀东,赵毅鑫,宋彦琦,等.放炮震动诱发煤矿巷道动力失稳机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3 131–3 136.(JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin,SONG Yanqi,et al.Analysis of blasting tremor impact of roadway stability in coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3 131–3 136.(in Chinese))
[11]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2 048–2 053.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,ZHENG Wenda,et al.Research on multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2 048–2 053.(in Chinese))
[12]北京泰润齐科技有限公司.TDS–6微震仪使用说明书[R].北京:北京泰润齐科技有限公司,2005.(Beijing Tairunqi Co.,Ltd..TDS–6 shock instrument user′s manual[R].Beijing:Beijing Tairunqi Co.,Ltd.,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]郭履灿,赵凤竹.震级与震源参数测定[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1986.(GUO Lucan,ZHAO Fengzhu.Earthquake magnitude and earthquake source parameter determination[M].Beijing:China Science and Technique Press,1986.(in Chinese))
[14]谢毓寿.地震烈度[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.(XIE Yushou.Earthquake intensity[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[15]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Theory and technique of rockburst prevention[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001.(in Chinese))
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