矿山地震、瓦斯突出、煤岩体破裂——煤矿安全中的科学问题
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摘要
文章介绍了矿山地震和瓦斯突出等煤矿灾害及成因,并通过若干煤矿瓦斯突出和矿山地震的同震现象,论述了这些灾害在动力过程中的内在关系.这些震例表明,在高瓦斯煤矿,矿山地震与瓦斯突出存在密切的相关.认为较大矿震加上瓦斯的低值延时响应可能是瓦斯突出的预警信号.建立矿震(冲击地压)与瓦斯突出联合监测和预警系统,是维护矿山安全,减轻矿山灾害的重要途径.从矿震定位、震源机制、矿震成因、瓦斯突出条件分析了矿震与瓦斯突出相关的机理.为矿震和瓦斯的联合监测和灾害预警提供了科学依据.进一步介绍了瓦斯流体对矿震的触发作用,尤其超临界流体的特殊性质在矿震发生中的重要作用.
The phenomena in which mining shocks and gas outburst occur simultaneously are enumerated. These examples reveal the close relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst or gas overflow in coal mines that are rich in gas. It is suggested that the strong mining shocks plus the low delay time response?? are early warning signals. Thus, the joint observation of mining seismicity and gas for early warning of disasters is necessary for maintaining safety and mitigating disasters. The mechanism of the relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst is analyzed based on the shock location, source?? focus mechanism, cause of the shocks, and gas outburst conditions. The trigger effect of gas fluid, especially the important effects of special characteristics of ultra-critical fluid on the eruption of mining shocks are discussed.
The phenomena in which mining shocks and gas outburst occur simultaneously are enumerated. These examples reveal the close relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst or gas overflow in coal mines that are rich in gas. It is suggested that the strong mining shocks plus the low delay time response?? are early warning signals. Thus, the joint observation of mining seismicity and gas for early warning of disasters is necessary for maintaining safety and mitigating disasters. The mechanism of the relationship between mining seismicity and gas outburst is analyzed based on the shock location, source?? focus mechanism, cause of the shocks, and gas outburst conditions. The trigger effect of gas fluid, especially the important effects of special characteristics of ultra-critical fluid on the eruption of mining shocks are discussed.
引文
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[29]Yasuhilo A,Takeshi F.The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology,1993,2(4):262
[30]谢鸿森.地球深部物质科学导论.北京:科学出版社,1997[Xie HS.Introduction of Science of Deep Mater in the Earth.Beijing:Science Press,1997(in Chinese)]
[31]孙峰.煤矿安全,2001,3(2):30[Sun F.Safety of Coal Mine,2001,3(2):30(in Chinese)]
[2]Horner R B,Hasegawa H S.Can.J.Earth Sci.,1978,15:1341
[3]吴淑才,覃子建.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994,12(1):49[Wu SC.Tan Z J.Journal ofGuizhou Teacher's U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),1994,12(1):49(in Chi-nese)]
[4]李世愚,和雪松,张少泉等.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):853[Li S L,He X S,Zhang S Qet al.2004,Progress in Geophysics.2004,19(4):853(in Chinese)]
[5]李世愚,和雪松,张天中等.矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,(S3):39[Li S Y,He X S.Zhang TZet al.Mining Pressure and Roof Administration,2005,(S3):39(in Chinese)]
[6]李世愚,和雪松,许忠淮等.矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,(S3):26[Li S Y,He X S,Xu Z Het al.Mining Pressure and Roof Administration,2005,(S3):26(in Chinese)]
[7]李世愚,和雪松,张天中.科学研究月刊,2006(10):57[Li S Y,He X S,Zhang T Z.Science Research Monthly,2006(10):57(in Chinese)]
[8]李世愚,和雪松,潘科.煤炭学报,2006(增刊):11[Li S Y,He X S,Pan K.Journal of China Coal Society.2006,(sup):11(in Chinese)]
[9]张天中,武巴特尔,和雪松等.矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,(S3):69[Zhang TZ,Wubater,He X Set al.Mining Pres-sure and Roof Administration,2005,(S3):69(in Chinese)]
[10]李世愚,和雪松,张天中等.国际地震动态,2006,(4):1[Li S Y,He X S,ZhangTZet al.RecentDevelopments in World Seismology,2006,(4):1(in Chinese)]
[11]Gutenberg B C F.Richter.Geol.Soc.Am.Spec.Papers,1941(34):131
[12]Mogi K Bull.Earthq.ResInst.,1962,40:831
[13]Scholz C H.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1978,58:399
[14]耿乃光.地震学报,1986,8(3):330[Geng N G.Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,1986,8(3):330(in Chinese)]
[15]陈顒等编著.分形与浑沌在地球科学中的应用.北京:学术期刊出版社,1989[Ed.Chen Yet al.1989.The applica-tion of fractal and chaos to Geosciences.Beijing:Academic Journal Press,1989(in Chinese)]
[16]程五一,张序明,吴福昌.煤与瓦斯突出区域预测理论及技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.204[ChengWY,ZhangX M,Wu f C.Regional Prediction of Coal and Gas Burst Out,Theory and Technology.Beijing,Coal Industry Press,2005.204(in Chinese)]
[17]G布霍依诺,李玉生译.矿山压力与冲击地压,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985[Buhoyino G.Li Y S(Translate).Mining Pressure and Coal Burst out.Beijing:Coal Industry Press,1985(in Chinese)]
[18]俞善炳,谈庆明,丁雁生等,力学学报,1998,30(2):145.[Yu S B,Tan Q M,Ding Y Set al.Journal of Mechanics,1998,30(2):145(in Chinese)]
[19]张子敏,林又玲,吕绍林.中国煤层瓦斯分布特征.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998[Zhang Z M,Lin Y L,Lu S L.The Contribution Characteristic of Coal Seam Gas in China.Bei-jing:Coal Industry Press,1998(in Chinese)]
[20]张建博,王红岩,赵庆波,中国煤层气地质.北京:地质出版社,2000[Zhang J B,Wang H Y,Zhao Q B.Geology Press,2000(in Chinese)]
[21]景耀光.矿业安全与环保,2001,28(增刊):143[JingYG.Safety of Mining and Environment Protection.2001,28(sup):143(in Chinese)]
[22]蒋承林,俞启香.煤与瓦斯突出的球壳失稳机理及防治技术.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1998[Jiang C L,Yu QX.The Mechanismof Sphere Shell Unsteadyof Coal and Gas Burst out and Prevention Techniques.Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1998(in Chinese)]
[23]郑哲敏,从数量级和量纲分析看煤和瓦斯突出的机理.见郑哲敏文集.北京:科学出版社,2004.380-392[Zheng Z M.Collective Works of Zheng Zhe-Min.Beijing:Science Press,2004.380—392(in Chinese)]
[24]Jaeger J C,Cook GW.Fundamentals ofRock Mechanics Third edition.London:Chapman and Hall,1979(中译本:J C耶格,NG W库克著,中国科学院工程力学研究所译.岩石力学基础.北京:科学出版社,1981.690)
[25]唐有祺,统计力学及其在物理化学中的应用.北京:科学出版社,1979.592[Tang Y Q.Statistical Mechanics and its ap-plication in physical Chemistry Beijing:Science Press.1979.592(in Chinese)]
[26]Zhurkov S N,Int.J.Fracture.Mech.,1965,1:311
[27]Kuksenko VS.Model for the transition frommico-to Macofrac-ture.In:Rossmanith(ed.),Mechanics of Jointed Rock,Pro-ceedings ofthe Second International Conference on the Mechan-ics of Jointed and Faulted Rock-MJFR-2Vienna/Austria/10—14April1995
[28]何学秋,王恩元,林海燕.中国矿业大学学报,1996,25(l):6[He X Q.Wang E Y.Lin HY.Journal of China Uni-versity of Mining and Technology,1996,25(1):6(in Chi-nese)]
[29]Yasuhilo A,Takeshi F.The Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology,1993,2(4):262
[30]谢鸿森.地球深部物质科学导论.北京:科学出版社,1997[Xie HS.Introduction of Science of Deep Mater in the Earth.Beijing:Science Press,1997(in Chinese)]
[31]孙峰.煤矿安全,2001,3(2):30[Sun F.Safety of Coal Mine,2001,3(2):30(in Chinese)]
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