华南地区典型岩石的地震波性质研究
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摘要
地震资料的解释具有多解性,为根据地震资料认识华南的地壳结构和物质组成,对江西—福建地区的典型岩石样品进行了岩石波速的实验测量和理论计算。使用美国MTS公司815岩石物理参数测试系统测量了5块典型岩石的物性参数。结果表明,岩石的P波和S波速度随着压力的增加而增加,随着温度的增加而降低;在相同温压下,大理岩化灰岩的波速>花岗闪长岩>钾长花岗岩>粉砂岩。由于实验的最大围压为140MPa,测量结果仅能用于约束上地壳浅部的岩石地震波性质。因此,根据岩石的矿物组成、矿物的弹性参数和广义混合律计算了39块样品的波速,为该地区深部地震资料的解释提供依据。随着石英含量的降低,岩石的泊松比和Vp/Vs(P波与S波速度比)都逐渐增高。与长英质岩石相比,灰岩、白云岩和大理石具有高Vp、高泊松比(～0.29)、高Vp/Vs(～1.84)的特征,为通过地震资料在华南花岗岩地区寻找以灰岩为主的深部碳酸盐盆地提供了可能。
Because the interpretation of seismic data is not unique,seismic properties of typical rock samples from Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces were studied to better explain seismic data in South China in terms of the crustal structure and composition.The P-and S-wave velocities of 5 rock samples were measured using MTS-815 Rock and Concrete Mechanics Test System.The results indicate that seismic velocities of the samples increase with increasing pressure,but decrease with increasing temperature.At the same pressure and room temperature,the P-and S-wave velocities gradually decrease from marbleized limestones,through granodiorites,K-feldspar granites to siltstones.Because the highest confining pressure in the experiments is 140 MPa,the measured velocities are only comparable with seismic observations in the upper crust.To constrain interpretation of seismic data at greater depths,we calculated the seismic velocities of 39 samples based on modal compositions,elastic constants of minerals and generalized mixing rules.The Vp/Vs and Poisson,s ratios of the samples increase with decreasing contents of quartz.Compared with felsic rocks,the limestones,dolomites and marbles are characterized by high P-wave velocities,and high Vp/VS and poisson,s ratios,which provides a way to search carbonate basins beneath the granite regions in South China.
Because the interpretation of seismic data is not unique,seismic properties of typical rock samples from Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces were studied to better explain seismic data in South China in terms of the crustal structure and composition.The P-and S-wave velocities of 5 rock samples were measured using MTS-815 Rock and Concrete Mechanics Test System.The results indicate that seismic velocities of the samples increase with increasing pressure,but decrease with increasing temperature.At the same pressure and room temperature,the P-and S-wave velocities gradually decrease from marbleized limestones,through granodiorites,K-feldspar granites to siltstones.Because the highest confining pressure in the experiments is 140 MPa,the measured velocities are only comparable with seismic observations in the upper crust.To constrain interpretation of seismic data at greater depths,we calculated the seismic velocities of 39 samples based on modal compositions,elastic constants of minerals and generalized mixing rules.The Vp/Vs and Poisson,s ratios of the samples increase with decreasing contents of quartz.Compared with felsic rocks,the limestones,dolomites and marbles are characterized by high P-wave velocities,and high Vp/VS and poisson,s ratios,which provides a way to search carbonate basins beneath the granite regions in South China.
引文
孙涛.2006.新编华南花岗岩分布及其说明[J].地质通报,25(3):332-335.
嵇少丞,王茜,夏斌,等.2006.广义混合律及其在地球材料流变学中的应用[J].岩石学报,22(7):2067-2080.
王勤.2007.岩石地震波性质的实验与理论研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,26(2):119-126.
Alek sandrov K S and Ryzhova T V.1961.The elastic properties of rock-forming minerals,II:Layered silicates[J].Izv.Acad.Sci.USSR,Geophysical Serials,12:186-189.
Bass J D.1995.Elasticity of Minerals,Glasses and Melts.AGU Reference Shelf2,Mineral Physics and Crystallography:A Handbook of Physical Constants[M]//Ahrens T J,Washington:The American Geophysical Union:45-63.
Chris tensen N I and Mooney W D.1995.Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust:A global view[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,100:9761-9788.
Chris tensen N I.1996.Poisson,s ratio and crustal seismology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,101:3139-3156.
Durra st H and Siegesmund S.1999.Correlation between rock fabrics and physical properties of carbonate reservoir rocks[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,88:392-408.
Hugh es D S and Cross J H.1951.Elastic wave velocities in rocks at high pressures and temperatures[J].Geophysics,16:577-593.
Ji S C,Wang Q and Xia B.2002.Handbook of Seismic Properties of Minerals,Rocks and Ores[M].Montreal:Polytechnic International Press:630pp.
Ji S C,Wang Q and Salisbury M H.2009.Composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continent constrained by crustal Poisson,s ratio[J].Tectonophysics,463:15-30.
Ji S C,Wang Q,Xia B,et al.2004.Mechanical properties of multiphase materials and rocks:a phenomenological approach using generalized means[J].Journal of Structural Geology,26:1377-1390.
Ji Sha ocheng,Wang Qin,Xia Bin,et al.2006.Generalized mixture rule and its applications to rheology of the Earth materials[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(7):2067-2080.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ji S C,Wang Q,Xia B.2003.P-wave velocities of polymineralic rocks:comparison of theory and experiment and test of elastic mixture rules[J].Tectonophysics,366:165-185.
Johnst on J E and Christensen N I.1992.Shear wave reflectivity,anisotropies,Poisson,s ratios,and densities of a southern Appalachian Palaeozoic sedimentary sequence[J].Tectonophysics,210:1-20.
Kern H,Gao S,Jin Z M,et al.1999.Petrophysical studies on rocks from the Dabie ultralhigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt,Central China:implications for the composition and delamination of thelower crust[J].Tectonophysics,301:191-215.
Kern H.1982.Elastic-wave velocity in crustal and mantle rocks at high pressure and temperature:the role of the high-low quartz transition and of dehydration reactions[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior,29:12-23.
Nur A and Simmons G.1969.The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,7:183-193.
Peaco ck,McCann C,Sothcott J,et al.1994.Seismic velocities in fractured rocks:an experimental verification of Hudson,s theory[J].Geophysical Prospecting,42:27-80.
Puntur o R,Kern H,Cirrincione R,et al.2005.P-and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains,Sicily(Italy):The effect of pressure,temperature and the direction of wave propagation[J].Tectonophysics,409:55-72.
Rudni ck R L and Fountain D M.1995.Nature and composition of the continental crust:A lower crustal perspective[J].Review of Geophysics,33:267-309.
Salisb ury M H.2000.GSC Atlantic Rock Properties Database,Geological Survey of Canada.http://agc.bio.ns.ca/pubprod/rockprop/index.html.
Shu L S,Faure,M,Wang B,et al.2008.Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic geological features of South China:Response to the Indosinian collision events in Southeast Asia[J].C.R.Geoscience,340:150-165.
Shu L S,Zhou X M,Den P,et al.2009.Mesozoic tectonic evolution ofthe Southeast China Block:New insights from basin analysis[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,34:376-391.
Sun Tao.2006.A new map showing the distribution of granites in South China and its explanatory notes[J].Geological Bulletin of China,25(3):332-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Q and Ji S C.2009.Poisson,s ratio of crystalline rocks as a function of hydrostatic confining pressure[J/OL].Journal of Geophysical Research,114,B09202,doi:10.1029/2008JB006167
Wang Q,Ji S C,Salisbury M,et al.2005.Shear wave properties and Poisson,s ratios of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt,China:implications for the crustal composition[J/OL].Journal of Geophysical Research,110,doi:10.1029/2004JB003435.
Wang Qin.2007.Experimental and theoretical study on seismic properties of rcks[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,26(2):118-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Watt J P.1987.Polyxstal:A Fortran program to calculate average elastic properties of minerals from single-crystal elasticity data[J].Computers and Geosciences,13:441-462.
Wilke ns R,Simmons G and Caruso L.1984.The ratio Vp/Vs as a discriminant of composition for siliceous limestones[J].Geophysics,49(11):1850-1860.
Zhou X M,Sun T,Shen W Z,et al.2006.Petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and volcanic rocks in South China:A response to tectonic evolution[J].Episodes,29:26-33.
嵇少丞,王茜,夏斌,等.2006.广义混合律及其在地球材料流变学中的应用[J].岩石学报,22(7):2067-2080.
王勤.2007.岩石地震波性质的实验与理论研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,26(2):119-126.
Alek sandrov K S and Ryzhova T V.1961.The elastic properties of rock-forming minerals,II:Layered silicates[J].Izv.Acad.Sci.USSR,Geophysical Serials,12:186-189.
Bass J D.1995.Elasticity of Minerals,Glasses and Melts.AGU Reference Shelf2,Mineral Physics and Crystallography:A Handbook of Physical Constants[M]//Ahrens T J,Washington:The American Geophysical Union:45-63.
Chris tensen N I and Mooney W D.1995.Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust:A global view[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,100:9761-9788.
Chris tensen N I.1996.Poisson,s ratio and crustal seismology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,101:3139-3156.
Durra st H and Siegesmund S.1999.Correlation between rock fabrics and physical properties of carbonate reservoir rocks[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,88:392-408.
Hugh es D S and Cross J H.1951.Elastic wave velocities in rocks at high pressures and temperatures[J].Geophysics,16:577-593.
Ji S C,Wang Q and Xia B.2002.Handbook of Seismic Properties of Minerals,Rocks and Ores[M].Montreal:Polytechnic International Press:630pp.
Ji S C,Wang Q and Salisbury M H.2009.Composition and tectonic evolution of the Chinese continent constrained by crustal Poisson,s ratio[J].Tectonophysics,463:15-30.
Ji S C,Wang Q,Xia B,et al.2004.Mechanical properties of multiphase materials and rocks:a phenomenological approach using generalized means[J].Journal of Structural Geology,26:1377-1390.
Ji Sha ocheng,Wang Qin,Xia Bin,et al.2006.Generalized mixture rule and its applications to rheology of the Earth materials[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(7):2067-2080.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ji S C,Wang Q,Xia B.2003.P-wave velocities of polymineralic rocks:comparison of theory and experiment and test of elastic mixture rules[J].Tectonophysics,366:165-185.
Johnst on J E and Christensen N I.1992.Shear wave reflectivity,anisotropies,Poisson,s ratios,and densities of a southern Appalachian Palaeozoic sedimentary sequence[J].Tectonophysics,210:1-20.
Kern H,Gao S,Jin Z M,et al.1999.Petrophysical studies on rocks from the Dabie ultralhigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphic belt,Central China:implications for the composition and delamination of thelower crust[J].Tectonophysics,301:191-215.
Kern H.1982.Elastic-wave velocity in crustal and mantle rocks at high pressure and temperature:the role of the high-low quartz transition and of dehydration reactions[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior,29:12-23.
Nur A and Simmons G.1969.The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,7:183-193.
Peaco ck,McCann C,Sothcott J,et al.1994.Seismic velocities in fractured rocks:an experimental verification of Hudson,s theory[J].Geophysical Prospecting,42:27-80.
Puntur o R,Kern H,Cirrincione R,et al.2005.P-and S-wave velocities and densities in silicate and calcite rocks from the Peloritani Mountains,Sicily(Italy):The effect of pressure,temperature and the direction of wave propagation[J].Tectonophysics,409:55-72.
Rudni ck R L and Fountain D M.1995.Nature and composition of the continental crust:A lower crustal perspective[J].Review of Geophysics,33:267-309.
Salisb ury M H.2000.GSC Atlantic Rock Properties Database,Geological Survey of Canada.http://agc.bio.ns.ca/pubprod/rockprop/index.html.
Shu L S,Faure,M,Wang B,et al.2008.Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic geological features of South China:Response to the Indosinian collision events in Southeast Asia[J].C.R.Geoscience,340:150-165.
Shu L S,Zhou X M,Den P,et al.2009.Mesozoic tectonic evolution ofthe Southeast China Block:New insights from basin analysis[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,34:376-391.
Sun Tao.2006.A new map showing the distribution of granites in South China and its explanatory notes[J].Geological Bulletin of China,25(3):332-335.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang Q and Ji S C.2009.Poisson,s ratio of crystalline rocks as a function of hydrostatic confining pressure[J/OL].Journal of Geophysical Research,114,B09202,doi:10.1029/2008JB006167
Wang Q,Ji S C,Salisbury M,et al.2005.Shear wave properties and Poisson,s ratios of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt,China:implications for the crustal composition[J/OL].Journal of Geophysical Research,110,doi:10.1029/2004JB003435.
Wang Qin.2007.Experimental and theoretical study on seismic properties of rcks[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,26(2):118-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Watt J P.1987.Polyxstal:A Fortran program to calculate average elastic properties of minerals from single-crystal elasticity data[J].Computers and Geosciences,13:441-462.
Wilke ns R,Simmons G and Caruso L.1984.The ratio Vp/Vs as a discriminant of composition for siliceous limestones[J].Geophysics,49(11):1850-1860.
Zhou X M,Sun T,Shen W Z,et al.2006.Petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and volcanic rocks in South China:A response to tectonic evolution[J].Episodes,29:26-33.
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