地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应的试验研究
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摘要
基于相似理论建立顺层岩质边坡力学模型,并介绍爆炸模型试验的设计思路及试验方法。以导爆索为爆源,通过水下爆炸模型试验,研究近场地震作用下原型边坡的变形破坏模式以及支护结构对边坡稳定性的影响。试验结果表明,顺层岩质边坡的在近场地震作用下的破坏主要表现方式为节理岩体间的层间滑动,破坏模式为应力波导致的滑移–拉裂破坏;重力式挡墙的压应力峰值分布随着墙高的变化呈现先增大后减小的钟形分布;结合汶川地震现场考察及试验结果发现,支护结构对边坡稳定性起着重要作用。
Based on the similarity theory,a mechanical model of consequent rock slope is established.The design idea and method of the explosion model test are introduced.Using detonating cord as the explosive sources,the deformation and breakage pattern of the archetype slope under near field seismic loading are studied and the effects of the retaining structure are estimated with underwater explosion model test.The test results show that the major deformation pattern of consequent rock slope near field seismic is interlayer sliding in jointed rock mass.The breakage pattern is sliding and fracturing caused by elastic wave.The distribution of the peak compressive stress of the gravity retaining wall is changed in different heights and presents bell-shaped distribution,which increases at first and then decreases.Test results and the in-situ investigation in Wenchuan after earthquake show that the retaining structures play an important role in the stability of slope.
Based on the similarity theory,a mechanical model of consequent rock slope is established.The design idea and method of the explosion model test are introduced.Using detonating cord as the explosive sources,the deformation and breakage pattern of the archetype slope under near field seismic loading are studied and the effects of the retaining structure are estimated with underwater explosion model test.The test results show that the major deformation pattern of consequent rock slope near field seismic is interlayer sliding in jointed rock mass.The breakage pattern is sliding and fracturing caused by elastic wave.The distribution of the peak compressive stress of the gravity retaining wall is changed in different heights and presents bell-shaped distribution,which increases at first and then decreases.Test results and the in-situ investigation in Wenchuan after earthquake show that the retaining structures play an important role in the stability of slope.
引文
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[16]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842-1847.(WANG Hanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qiangyong,et al.Development of a new geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1842-1847.(in Chinese))
[17]苏伟,冷伍明,雷金山,等.岩体相似材料试验研究[J].土工基础,2008,22(5):73-74,80.(SU Wei,LENG Wuming,LEI Jinshan,et al.Test study of similar material in rock mass[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2008,22(5):73-74,80.(in Chinese))
[2]NG C W W,LI X S,LAAK P A,et al.Centrifuge modeling of loose fill embankment subjected to uniaxial and biaxial earthquakes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(4):305-318.
[3]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝动态离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(4):504-507.(WANG Nianxiang,ZHANG Weimin.Dynamic centrifuge model test for concrete face rock fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(4):504-507.(in Chinese))
[4]于玉贞,邓丽军,李荣建.砂土边坡地震动力响应离心模型试验[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(6):789-792.(YU Yuzhen,DENG Lijun,LI Rongjian.Centrifuge model test of seismic response behavior of a sand slope[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2007,47(6):789-792.(in Chinese))
[5]苏栋,李相菘.砂土自由场地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):166-170.(SU Dong,LI Xiangsong.Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of free sand ground[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):166-170.(in Chinese))
[6]吴俊贤,倪至宽,高汉棪.土石坝的动态反应:离心机模型试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):1-14.(WU Chunhsien,NI Chinkuan,KO Honyim.Seismic reaction of earth and rockfill dam:centrifuge modeling test and numerical simulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):1-14.(in Chinese))
[7]尚守平,余俊,王海东,等.爆破模拟地震研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2007,4(1):24-27.(SHANG Shouping,YU Jun,WANGHaidong,et al.Study on blasting vibration simulating earthquake[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2007,4(1):24-27.(in Chinese))
[8]国胜兵,潘越峰,高培正,等.爆炸地震波模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(4):335-340.(GUO Shengbing,PAN Yuefeng,GAO Peizheng,et al.Numerical simulation of explosion seismic waves[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(4):335-340.(in Chinese))
[9]张敏政,孟庆利,刘晓明.建筑结构的地震模拟试验研究[J].工程抗震,2003,(4):31-35.(ZHANG Minzheng,MENG Qingli,LIU Xiaoming.A study of earthquake simulation test of building structures[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2003,(4):31-35.(in Chinese))
[10]TANIMURA S,MIMURA K,NONAKA T,et al.Dynamic failure of structures due to the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2000,24(6-7):583-596.
[11]张磊,石晓玲.近场地震浅析[J].西部探矿工程,2005,17(1):193-194.(ZHANG Lei,SHI Xiaoling.Analysis of near field seism[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,17(1):193-194.(in Chinese))
[12]周正华,周雍年,赵刚.强震近场加速度峰值比和反应谱统计分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):15-18.(ZHOU Zhenghua,ZHOU Yongnian,ZHAO Gang.Statistical analysis of peak ratios and response spectra of near-field accelerograms[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(3):15-18.(in Chinese))
[13]谈庆明.量纲分析[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2007.(TAN Qingming.Dimension analysis[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[14]罗晶,郑占强,肖毅,等.地质力学模型试验中不同类型岩体的相似模拟研究[J].水电站设计,2007,23(4):79-81.(LUO Jing,ZHENG Zhanqiang,XIAO Yi,et al.Approximate simulation study of different kind rock masses in geomechanics model test[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2007,23(4):79-81.(in Chinese))
[15]左保成,陈从新,刘才华,等.相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1805-1808.(ZUO Baocheng,CHEN Congxin,LIU Caihua,et al.Research on similar material of slope simulation experiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1805-1808.(in Chinese))
[16]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842-1847.(WANG Hanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qiangyong,et al.Development of a new geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1842-1847.(in Chinese))
[17]苏伟,冷伍明,雷金山,等.岩体相似材料试验研究[J].土工基础,2008,22(5):73-74,80.(SU Wei,LENG Wuming,LEI Jinshan,et al.Test study of similar material in rock mass[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2008,22(5):73-74,80.(in Chinese))
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