利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比
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摘要
提出了利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面信噪比的新方法.首先根据数字图像处理要求的格式,对地震剖面数据进行转换,得到地震剖面图像.分析了地震数据特点和初步地震图像的实验结果后,设计了新的预处理方法—"二维沿层滤波".在此基础上,利用可以计算帧间运动速度及其变化都较大的改进的光流分析技术,计算出多幅地震剖面对应点的偏移量,然后应用图像积累技术对这多幅地震剖面进行积累,实现对三维地震数据体提高信噪比的处理.该方法充分利用了三维地震信息,不但可以提高整个数据体的信噪比,而且可以减少信号能量的损失,并保持原来的信号能量关系,使地震剖面的质量得到明显提高,为地震解释奠定良好的基础.
In this paper, a novel applicable approach of digital image processing technique for improving signal to noise ratio (SNR) of seismic section image is presented. It's first made to transform seismic data to the format demanded by digital image processing. Through analysis of the seismic data characters and the experimental results, we have designed the novel preprocessing method named 2-D tracing horizon filtering. Based on that, the shifts among several seismic sections are calculated with optical flow analysis technology. After that these seismic sections are accumulated by making use of image accumulation. All of these processing methods could be carried to 3D seismic data volumes to improve signal to noise ratio. The novel method with use of image processing can not only improve signal to noise ratio, but also reduce the loss of signal energy and keep original signal energy relation so the quality of processed seismic section image is evidently improved. The novel approach can be made the better basis of continually processing and interpretation of seismic data.
In this paper, a novel applicable approach of digital image processing technique for improving signal to noise ratio (SNR) of seismic section image is presented. It's first made to transform seismic data to the format demanded by digital image processing. Through analysis of the seismic data characters and the experimental results, we have designed the novel preprocessing method named 2-D tracing horizon filtering. Based on that, the shifts among several seismic sections are calculated with optical flow analysis technology. After that these seismic sections are accumulated by making use of image accumulation. All of these processing methods could be carried to 3D seismic data volumes to improve signal to noise ratio. The novel method with use of image processing can not only improve signal to noise ratio, but also reduce the loss of signal energy and keep original signal energy relation so the quality of processed seismic section image is evidently improved. The novel approach can be made the better basis of continually processing and interpretation of seismic data.
引文
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[2] JamieBPeterson,RonaldDDeGroat.NEARLYOPTIMAL,SVD BASEDSTACKINGOFSEISMICDATA[M].1988MAPLEPRESS,858～862.
[3] BaishaliRoy,RFMereu.Signalenhancementusingpatternrecognitiontechniqueswithapplicationtonearverticalcrustalseismicreflectionexperiments[J].GEOPHYSCALRESEARCHLETTERS,1996,1849～1852.
[4] BONDARI.Seismichorizondetectionusingimageprocessingalgorithms[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1992,(40):785～800.
[5] 付雷,田晓冬,等.相干体技术在三维地震资料中的应用[J].世界地质,2000,(19):279～281.
[6] 李金宗,李宁宁.图像积累与自适应门限检测技术的研究[J].电子学报,1997,25(1):77～79.
[7] HornBKP,SchunckBG.Determiningopticalflow[J].ArtificialIntelligence,1981,17:185～203.
[8] ProesmansM.VanGoolL,PauwelsE,OosterlinckA.DeterminationofopticalflowanditsDiscontinuitiesusingnon lineardiffusion[A].In3rdEurpoeanConferenceonComputerVision[C].ECCV'94,1994,295～304.
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