汶川M_S8.0级大震前后的水压致裂原地应力测量
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摘要
在汶川M_s8.0级大震发生前一周,采用水压致裂技术在龙门山发震断裂带±400 m深度上测得的最大水平主应力值为21～22 MPa,与其附近下盘之差高达8～10 MPa.大震后的原地重复测量结果表明,发震断裂带上的最大、最小水平主应力值分别降低了29%和23%,而在下盘大震前后的地应力作用状况并无变化.测量结果分析表明,活动断裂带的地应力高值异常是圈定地震危险区的可靠依据,是强震孕育和发生的警示标志.
One week before the occurrence of Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake the maximum horizontal principal stress measured by hydro-fracturing technique in the earthquake Fault of Wenchuan Earthquake (Yingxiu-Beichuan fault) at ±400 m depth was 21～22 MPa,which was 8～10 MPa higher than the values measured in the nearby footwall.The repeated measurements after the great earthquake at the same locations indicate that the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress in the fault belt decreased by 29% and 23% respectively; while in the footwall the stresses did not change after the earthquake.The analysis of the measured result indicates that anomalous high stress in an active fault belt provides a reliable basis for determining the area of high seismic risk,and it is a warning sign of generation and occurrence of strong earthquakes.
One week before the occurrence of Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake the maximum horizontal principal stress measured by hydro-fracturing technique in the earthquake Fault of Wenchuan Earthquake (Yingxiu-Beichuan fault) at ±400 m depth was 21～22 MPa,which was 8～10 MPa higher than the values measured in the nearby footwall.The repeated measurements after the great earthquake at the same locations indicate that the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress in the fault belt decreased by 29% and 23% respectively; while in the footwall the stresses did not change after the earthquake.The analysis of the measured result indicates that anomalous high stress in an active fault belt provides a reliable basis for determining the area of high seismic risk,and it is a warning sign of generation and occurrence of strong earthquakes.
引文
[1] 陈运泰.汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度.科技导报,2008,26(10) :26～27 Chen Y T. On the magnitude and the fault length of the great Wenchuan earthquake. Science and Technology Review (in Chinese), 2008 ,26(10) :26～27
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Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. Groundsurface rupture zone and seismogenic structure of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2008,30 (3) :597～629
[3] 张培震,徐锡伟,冉永康.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率,复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066～1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Ran Y K. Slip rate, recurrence period,and tectonic origin of the seismogenic fault of the Wenchuan M8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2008,51(4) :1066～1073
[4] 李四光.论地震.北京:地质出版社,1977 Li S G. Talking About Earthquake (in Chinese). Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1977
[5] 李方全,刘光勋.地应力测量、地壳上部应力状态与地震.中国地震,1986,3,2(1) :50～55 Li F Q, Liu G X. Stress measurement, stress state of upper crust and earthquake research. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 1986 ,3,2(1) :50 ～55
[6] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型.地震地质,2005,27(3) :446～461 Xu X W, Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, et al. Basic characteristics of the active structures in western Sichuan and and neighboring areas and the recurrence model of strong earthquakes.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2005,27(3) :446～461
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[8] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389～403
Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L. The structure, seismicity,and dynamics of Longmenshan and neighboring areas.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1994,16(4) : 389 ～ 403
[9] 马保起,苏刚,侯治华等.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率.地震地质,2005,27(2) :234～242 Ma B Q, Su G, Hou Z H, et al. Utilizing the deformation of Minjiang River terraces to estimate the Late Quaternary slip rate of the middle segment of Longmen Shan Fault. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2005,27(2) :234 ～ 242
[10] 陈国光,计风桔,周荣军等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪运动性分段的初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :657～673 Chen G G, Ji F J, Zhou R J, et al. A preliminary study on the Late Quaternary movement of Longmen Shan Fault Belt. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2007,29(3) :657 ～673
[11] 李传友,宋方敏,冉永康.龙门山断裂系北段第四纪活动性讨论.地震地质,2004,26(2) :248～258． Li C Y, Song F M, Ran Y K. A discussion on the quaternary activity of the northern segment of Longmen Shan Fault system. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2004,26(2) : 248 ～ 258
[12] 唐文清,刘宇平,陈智粱等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究.大地测量与地壳动力学,2004,24(3) :57～59
Tang W Q, Liu Y P. Chen Z L, et al. A GPS study of the Longmen Shan Fault belt. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese) , 2004 ,24(3) : 57 ～ 59
[13] Shen Z K, Lu J N, Wang M, et al. Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110,B11409, doi:10． 1029/2004JB003421
[14] Stephen H. et al. The interpretation of hydraulic fracturing pressure-time data for in-situ stress determination, Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements proceedings of a workshop,December 2 ～ 5． 1981
[15] 郭啟良,丁立丰.岩体力学参数的原地综合测试技术与应用研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23) :102～113 Guo Q L, Ding L F. Study on integrated in-situ measurement technique of mechanical parameters for rock mass and its application. J. Rock Mechanics and Engineering ( in Chinese), 2004 ,23(23) : 102 ～113
[16] Xu Z Q, Ji S C, Li H B, et al. Uplift of the Longmen Shan Range and the Wenchuan earthquake. Episodes, 2008, 31 (3) :291～301
[17] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1385～1402 Teng J W, Bai D H, Yang H, et al. Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chimes J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2008,51(5) : 1385～1402
[18] Liao C T, Zhang C S, Wu M L, et al. Stress change near the Kunlun fault before and after the M_s8． 1 Kunlun earthquake. Geophysical Researcher Letters ,2003,30(20) :2027～ 2030
[19] Zoback M D, Tsukahara H, Hickman S. Stress measurements in the vicinity of San Andreas fault:Implication for the magnitude of shear stress at depth. J.Geophys. Res. , 1985 ,11:6157 ～ 6173
[20] 李方全,孙世宗,李立球.华北及郯庐断裂带地应力测量.岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1) :73～86
Li F Q, Sun S Z, Li L Q. Ground stress measurement in North China and Tan-Lu Fault. Chinese J. Rock Mechanics and Engineering (in Chinese) , 1982 ,1(1) : 73～86
[2] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597～629
Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. Groundsurface rupture zone and seismogenic structure of the Wenchuan M_S8． 0 earthquake. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2008,30 (3) :597～629
[3] 张培震,徐锡伟,冉永康.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率,复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1066～1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Ran Y K. Slip rate, recurrence period,and tectonic origin of the seismogenic fault of the Wenchuan M8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2008,51(4) :1066～1073
[4] 李四光.论地震.北京:地质出版社,1977 Li S G. Talking About Earthquake (in Chinese). Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1977
[5] 李方全,刘光勋.地应力测量、地壳上部应力状态与地震.中国地震,1986,3,2(1) :50～55 Li F Q, Liu G X. Stress measurement, stress state of upper crust and earthquake research. Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 1986 ,3,2(1) :50 ～55
[6] 徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型.地震地质,2005,27(3) :446～461 Xu X W, Zhang P Z, Wen X Z, et al. Basic characteristics of the active structures in western Sichuan and and neighboring areas and the recurrence model of strong earthquakes.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2005,27(3) :446～461
[ 7 ] Densemore A L, Ellis M, Li Y, et al. Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics, 2007,26,TC4005 :1～17
[8] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389～403
Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L. The structure, seismicity,and dynamics of Longmenshan and neighboring areas.Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1994,16(4) : 389 ～ 403
[9] 马保起,苏刚,侯治华等.利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率.地震地质,2005,27(2) :234～242 Ma B Q, Su G, Hou Z H, et al. Utilizing the deformation of Minjiang River terraces to estimate the Late Quaternary slip rate of the middle segment of Longmen Shan Fault. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2005,27(2) :234 ～ 242
[10] 陈国光,计风桔,周荣军等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪运动性分段的初步研究.地震地质,2007,29(3) :657～673 Chen G G, Ji F J, Zhou R J, et al. A preliminary study on the Late Quaternary movement of Longmen Shan Fault Belt. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) , 2007,29(3) :657 ～673
[11] 李传友,宋方敏,冉永康.龙门山断裂系北段第四纪活动性讨论.地震地质,2004,26(2) :248～258． Li C Y, Song F M, Ran Y K. A discussion on the quaternary activity of the northern segment of Longmen Shan Fault system. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2004,26(2) : 248 ～ 258
[12] 唐文清,刘宇平,陈智粱等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究.大地测量与地壳动力学,2004,24(3) :57～59
Tang W Q, Liu Y P. Chen Z L, et al. A GPS study of the Longmen Shan Fault belt. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese) , 2004 ,24(3) : 57 ～ 59
[13] Shen Z K, Lu J N, Wang M, et al. Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110,B11409, doi:10． 1029/2004JB003421
[14] Stephen H. et al. The interpretation of hydraulic fracturing pressure-time data for in-situ stress determination, Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements proceedings of a workshop,December 2 ～ 5． 1981
[15] 郭啟良,丁立丰.岩体力学参数的原地综合测试技术与应用研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23) :102～113 Guo Q L, Ding L F. Study on integrated in-situ measurement technique of mechanical parameters for rock mass and its application. J. Rock Mechanics and Engineering ( in Chinese), 2004 ,23(23) : 102 ～113
[16] Xu Z Q, Ji S C, Li H B, et al. Uplift of the Longmen Shan Range and the Wenchuan earthquake. Episodes, 2008, 31 (3) :291～301
[17] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1385～1402 Teng J W, Bai D H, Yang H, et al. Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chimes J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2008,51(5) : 1385～1402
[18] Liao C T, Zhang C S, Wu M L, et al. Stress change near the Kunlun fault before and after the M_s8． 1 Kunlun earthquake. Geophysical Researcher Letters ,2003,30(20) :2027～ 2030
[19] Zoback M D, Tsukahara H, Hickman S. Stress measurements in the vicinity of San Andreas fault:Implication for the magnitude of shear stress at depth. J.Geophys. Res. , 1985 ,11:6157 ～ 6173
[20] 李方全,孙世宗,李立球.华北及郯庐断裂带地应力测量.岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1) :73～86
Li F Q, Sun S Z, Li L Q. Ground stress measurement in North China and Tan-Lu Fault. Chinese J. Rock Mechanics and Engineering (in Chinese) , 1982 ,1(1) : 73～86
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