引文
[1]Barrel J.The strength of the Earth s crust.I.Geologic tests of the li mits of strength[J].J Geol,1914,22:28-48.
[2]Isacks B,Oliver J,Sykes L R.Seismology andthe newglob-al tectonics[J].J Geophys Res,1968,73:5855.
[3]Jacobs J A.A textbook on geonomy[M].London:Adam Hilger,1974.
[4]Kious WJ,Tilling R I.This dynamic Earth:the story of plate tectonics[M].Washington US:Geological survey gener-al interest publication,1996.
[5]Schubert G,Turcotte D L,Olson P.Mantle convectioninthe Earth and planets[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:25-26.
[6]White R S.The Earth s crust and lithosphere[J].J Petrol,1988(Spec):1-10.
[7]Rudnick R L,McDonough W F,O Connell R J.Thermal structure,thickness and composition of continental litho-sphere[J].Chemical Geology,1998,145:395-411.
[8]Anderson D L.Lithosphere,asthenosphere,and perisphere[J].Rev Geophys,1995,33:125-149.
[9]White R S.The lithosphere under stress[J].Phil Trans RSoc(Lond)A,1999,357:901-915.
[10]Watts A B.Isostasy andflexure of the lithosphere[M].Cam-bridge:Cambridge University Press,2001:458.
[11]Cooper C M,Lenardic A,Moresi L.The thermal structure of stable continental lithosphere within a dynamic mantle[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,222:807-817.
[12]Lee C T A,Lenardic A,Cooper C M,et al.The role of chemical boundary layers in regulating the thickness of conti-nental and oceanic thermal boundary layers[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,230:379-395.
[13]Griffin W L,Doyle B J,Ryan C G,et al.Layered mantle lithosphere in the Lac de Gras area,Slave Craton:composi-tion,structure and origin[J].J Petrol,1999,40(5):705-727.
[14]O Reilly S Y,Griffin W L,Djomani Y H,et al.Are litho-spheres forever[J]?GSA Today,2001,11(4):11-37.
[15]Poudjom D Y H,O Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,et al.The den-sity structure of subcontinental lithosphere through ti me[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2001,184:605-621.
[16]Wei Wenbo,Jin Sheng,Ye Gaofeng,et al.Methods to study electrical conductivity of continental lithosphere[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(1):15-23(in Chinese).
[17]Clowes R M.Lithoprobe phase V proposal—evolution of a continent revealed.Vancouver:lithoprobe secretariat[M].University of British Columbia,1997:292.
[18]Jaupart C,Mareschal J C.Thermal structure and thickness of continental roots[J].Lithos,1999,48:93-114.
[19]Parsons B,McKenzie D.Mantle convection and the thermal structure of plates[J].J Geophys Res,1978,359:4485-4496.
[20]Goes S,Govers R,Vacher P.Shallow mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:11153-11169.
[21]R hm A H E,Snieder R,Goes S,et al.Thermal structure of continental upper mantleinferredfromS-wave velocity and surface heat flow[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,181:395-407.
[22]Deschamps F,Trampert J,Snieder R.Anomalies of tempera-ture and iron in the uppermost mantle inferred from gravity data and tomographic models[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2002,129:245-264.
[23]Godey S,Deschamps F,Trampert J,et al.Thermal and compositional anomalies beneath the North American conti-nent[J].J Geophys Res,2004,109:B01308,doi:01310.01029/02002JB002263.
[24]Priestley K,McKenzie D.The thermal structure of thelitho-sphere fromshear wave velocities[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,244:285-301.
[25]Artemieva I M,Mooney WD.Thermal thickness and evolu-tion of Precambrian lithosphere:a global study[J].J Geo-phys Res,2001,106:16387-16414.
[26]Xu Yigang,Lin Chuanyong,Shi Lanbin,et al.Upper mantlegeothermfor eastern China andits geological i mplications[J].Science in China:Series B,1995,38:1482-1492.
[27]Shi Lanbin,Lin Chuanyong,Chen Xiaode,et al.A xenolith derived geotherm for the lower crust and upper mantle be-neath Hanuoba area,Heibei Province,China andits geologic i mplications.[J].Seismology and Geology,2000,22(1):37-46(in Chinese).
[28]Xu Y G.Thermotectonic destruction of the Archean lithos-pheric keel beneath eastern China:evidence,ti ming,and mechanism[J].Phys Chem Earth A,2001,26:747-757.
[29]Wang Yang,Wang Ji,Xiong Liangping,et al.Lithospheric geothermics of major geotectonic units in China mainland[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,22(1):17-22(in Chinese).
[30]Marechal J C,Jauoart C.Variations of surface heat flowand lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North American craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,223:65-77.
[31]Carlson R W,Pearson D G,James D E.Physical,chemical,and chronological characteristics of continental mantle[J].Rev Geophys,2005,43:2004RG000156.
[32]An Meijian,Shi Yaolin.Reviewonlithospheric thickness re-search of the Chinese continent[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(3):23-30(in Chinese).
[33]Woodhouse J H,Trampert T.Global upper mantle structure inferred from surface wave and body wave data[J].EOS Trans AGU,1995:F422.
[34]Debayle E,Kennett B L N.Anisotropy in the Australasian upper mantle from Love and Rayleigh waveform inversion[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,184:339-351.
[35]Zhu Jieshou,Cao Jiamin,Cai Xuelin,et al.High resolution surface wave tomography in east Asia and west Pacific mar-ginal seas[J].Chinese J Geophys,2002,45(5):646-666(in Chinese).
[36]Zhao D,Matsuzawa T,Hasegawa A.Morphology of the subducting slab boundary in the northeastern Japan arc[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1997,102:89-104.
[37]Van D L S.High-resolution esti mates of lithospheric thick-ness from Missouri to Massachusetts,USA[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2002,203:15-23.
[38]Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A,et al.Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumesinthe Mantle[J].Sci-ence,2004,303:338-343.
[39]Vinnik L,Farra V.Upper mantle stratification by P and S receiver functions[J].Geophys J Int,2000,141:699-712.
[40]Li X,Kind R,Yuan X,et al.Rejuvenation of thelithosphere by the Hawaiian plume[J].Nature,2004,427:827-829.
[41]Kumar P,Yuan X,Kind R,et al.The lithosphere-astheno-sphere boundary in the Tien Shan-Karakoram region from S receiver functions:evidence of continental subduction[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:1-4.
[42]Yuan X,Kind R,Li X,et al.The S receiver functions:syn-thetics and data example[J].Geophys J Int,2006,165:555-564.
[43]Farra V,Vinnik L.Upper mantle stratification by P and S receiver functions[J].Geophys J Int,2000,141:699-712.
[44]Bostock M G.Anisotropic upper-mantle stratigraphy and ar-chitecture of the Slave craton[J].Nature,1997,390:392-395.
[45]Rychert C A,Fischer K M,Rondenay S.A sharp litho-sphere-asthenosphere boundaryi maged beneath eastern North America[J].Nature,2005,436:542-545.
[46]Chen L,Zheng T,Xu W.A thinned lithospheric i mage of the Tanlu Fault Zone,eastern China:constructed from wave equation based receiver function migration[J].J Geophys Res,2007(in press).
[47]Chen L,Wen L X,Zheng T.A wave equation migration method for receiver function i maging,(Ⅰ)Theory[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110:B11309,doi:11310.11029/12005JB003665.
[48]Chen L,Wen L X,Zheng T.A wave equation migration method for receiver functioni maging,(Ⅱ)Applicationto the Japan subduction zone[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110:B11310,doi:11310.11029/12005JB003666.
[49]McKenzie D,Jackson J,Priestley K.Thermal structure of o-ceanic and continental lithosphere[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,233:237-249.
[50]Fei Y.Thermal expansion[M]∥Ahrens T J.Mineral phys-ics and crystallography:a handbook of physical constants.AGU,1995:29-44.
[51]McKenzie D,Fairhead D.Esti mates of the effective elastic thickness of continental lithosphere fromBouguer andfree air gravity anomalies[J].J Geophys Res,1997,102:27523-27552.
[52]Maggi A,Jackson J A,McKenzie D,et al.Earthquake focal depths,effective elastic thickness,and the strength of the continental lithosphere[J].Geology,2000,28:495-498.
[53]Jackson J.Strength of the continental lithosphere:ti me to a-bandon the jelly sandwich[J]?GSA Today,2002,12(9):4-10.
[54]Burov E B,Watts A B.The long-termstrength of continen-tal lithosphere:“jelly sandwich”or“crème br le”[J]?GSA Today,2006,16(1):4-10.
[55]Ranalli G,Murphy D C.Rheological stratification of thelith-osphere[J].Tectonophysics,1987,132(4):281-296.
[56]Watts A B,Burov E B.Lithospheric strength and its rela-tionship to the elastic and seismogenic layer thickness[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2003,213:113-131.
[57]Karato S I,Jung H.Water,partial melting and the origin of the seismic lowvelocity and high attenuation zone in the up-per mantle[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1998,157:193-207.
[58]Hammond W C,Humphreys E D.Upper mantle seismic wave velocity:effects of realistic partial melt geometries[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:10975-10986.
[59]Lee C T A.Compositional variation of density and seismic ve-locities in natural peridotites at STP conditions:i mplications for seismici maging of compositional heterogeneitiesinthe up-per mantle[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108:2441,doi:2410.1029/2003JB002413.
[60]Matsukage K N,Nishihara Y,Karato SI.Seismological sig-nature of chemical differentiation of Earth s upper mantle[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110:B12305,doi:12310.11029/12004JB003504.
[61]Jordan T H.Composition and development of the continental tectosphere[J].Nature,1978,274:544-548.
[62]Anderson D L,Bass J D.Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1984,11:637-640.
[63]Forte A M,Claire P H K.Geodynamic evidence for a chemi-cally depleted continental tectosphere[J].Science,2000,290:1940-1944.
[64]Boyd F R,Mertzman S A.Composition and structure of the Kaapvaal lithosphere,Southern Africa[M]∥Mysen B O.Magmatic processes:physicochemical principles.Geochem.Soc.,University Park,Pa.1987.
[65]Desmet J H,Vandenberg A P,Vlaar N J.Stability and growth of continental shields in mantle convection models in-cluding recurrent melt production[J].Tectonophysics,1998,296:15-29.
[66]Pearson D G,Irvine GJ,Carlson R W,et al.The develop-ment of lithospheric keels beneath the earliest continents:ti me constraints using PGE and Re-Os isotope systematics[M]∥Fowler C M R.The early Earth:physical,chemical and biological development.Lond:Spec Publ Geol Soc,2002.
[67]Hirth G,Evans R L,Chave A D.Comparison of continental and oceanic mantle electrical conductivity:is the Archean lithosphere dry[J]?Geochem Geophys Geosyst,2000,1:2000GC00048.
[68]Hirth G,Kohlstedt D L.Water in the oceanic upper mantle;i mplications for rheology,melt extraction andthe evolution of the lithosphere[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1996,144:93-108.
[69]Dixon J E,Dixon T H,Bell D R,et al.Lateral variation in upper mantle viscosity:role of water[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,222:451-467.
[70]Mitrovica J X,Forte A M.Radial profile of mantle viscosity:results fromthe joint inversion of convection and postglacial rebound observables[J].J Geophys Res,1997,102:2751-2769.
[71]Kelemen P B,Hart S R,Bernstein S.Silica enrichment in the continental upper mantle via melt/rock reaction[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1998,164:387-406.
[72]Lenardic A,Moresi L N,Mqhlhous H.Longevity and stabil-ity of cratoniclithosphere:insight fromnumerical si mulations of coupled mantle convection and continental tectonics[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108(B6):2303,doi:2310.1029/2002JB001859.
[73]King S D.Archean cratons and mantle dynamics[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,234:1-14.
[74]Si mons F J,van D H R D.Age-dependent seismic thickness and mechanical strength of the Australian lithosphere[J].Geophys Res Lett,2002,29(24):1-4.
[75]Zhou Y,Nolet G,Dahlen F A,et al.Global upper-mantle structure fromfinite-frequency surface-wave tomography[J].J Geophys Res,2006,111:B04304,doi:04310.01029/02005JB003677.
[76]McDonough WF.Constraints on the composition of the con-tinental lithospheric mantle[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1990,101:1-18.
[77]Xu Y G,Ma J L,Huang X L,et al.Early Cretaceous gab-broic complex from Yinan,Shandong Province:petrogenesis and mantle domains beneath the North China Craton[J].In-ternational Journal of Earth Sciences,2004,93:1025-1041.
[78]Doin MP,Fleitout L,Christensen U.Mantle convection and stability of depleted and undepleted continental lithosphere[J].J Geophys Res,1997,102:2771-2787.
[79]Kaban M K,Schwintzer P,Artemieva I M,et al.Density of the continental roots:compositional and thermal contribu-tions[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2003,209:53-69.
[80]Schroeder W.The empirical age-depth relation and depth a-nomalies in the Pacific Ocean[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89:9873-9883.
[81]Stein C A,Stein S.A model for the global variationin ocean-ic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age[J].Nature,1992,359:123-130.
[82]Carlson R L,Johnson H P.On modeling the thermal evolu-tion of the oceanic upper mantle:an assessment of the cooling plate model[J].J Geophys Res,1994,99:3201-3214.
[83]Smith W H F,Sandwell D T.Global sea floor topography fromsatellite alti metry and ship depth soundings[J].Sci-ence,1997,277:1956-1962.
[84]Hillier J K,Watts A B.Relationship between depth and age in the North Pacific Ocean[J].J Geophys Res,2005,110:2004JB003406.
[85]Crosby A G,McKenzie D,Sclater J G.The relationship be-tween depth,age and gravity in the oceans[J].Geophys J Int,2006,166:553-573.
[86]Brady RJ,Ducea M N,Kidder S B,et al.The distribution of radiogenic heat production as a function of depthin the Si-erra Nevada Batholith,California[J].Lithos,2006,86:229-244.
[87]Stern R J.Subduction zones[J].Rev Geophys,2002,40(4):2001RG000108.
[88]Kopylova M G,Russell J K.Chemical stratification of cra-tonic lithosphere:constraints from the Northern Slave cra-ton,Canada[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,181:71-87.
[89]Zhang H F.Transformation of lithospheric mantle through peridotite-melt reaction:a case of Sino-Korean craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,237:768-780.
[90]Burov E B,Diament M.The effective elastic thickness(Te)of continental lithosphere:what does it really mean[J]?J Geophys Res,1995,100:3895-3904.
[91]Goodwin A.Precambrian geology[M].London:Academic Press,1991:666.
[92]Windley B F.The evolving continents[M].3rd ed.New York:Wiley,1995.
[93]Kusky T M,Polat A.Growth of granite-greenstone terranes at convergent margins and stabilization of Archean cratons[J].Tectonophysics,1999,305:43-73.
[94]Hyndman R D,Currie C A,Mazzotti S P.Subduction zone backarcs,mobile belts,and orogenic heat[J].GSA Today,2005,15(2):4-10.
[95]Ma Changqian,She Zhenbing,Zhang Jinyang,et al.Crustal roots,orogenic heat and magmatism[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,2006,13(2):130-139(in Chinese).
[96]Mooney WD,Vidale J E.Thermal and chemical variationsin subcrustal cratoniclithosphere:evidence fromcrustal isostasy[J].Lithos,2003,71:185-193.
[97]Nelson K D,Zhao WJ,Brown L D,et al.Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet:synthesis of Project I N-DEPTHresults[J].Science,1996,274:1684-1688.
[98]Zhao WJ,Mechie J,Brown L D,et al.Crustal structure of central Tibet as derived from project I NDEPTH wide-angle seismic data[J].Geophys J Int,2001,145:486-498.
[99]Jiang M,Galve A,Hirn A,et al.Crustal thickening and variations in architecture fromthe Qaidambasin to the Qiang tang(North-Central Tibetan Plateau)from wide-angle reflec-tion seismology[J].Tectonophysics,2006,412:121-140.
[100]Niu F,Levander A,Cooper C M,et al.Seismic constraints on the depth and composition of the mantle keel beneath the Kaapvaal craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,224:337-346.
[101]Pollack H N.Cratonization and thermal evolution of the mantle[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1986,80:175-182.
[102]Ma Wenpu.Somei mportant problems on current orogen re-searching[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1999,6(3):103-111(in Chinese).
[103]He Guoqi,Li Maosong,Zhou Hui.The stage of cratoniza-tionin the formation of continental lithosphere[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(4):217-224(in Chinese).
[104]Menzies MA,Fan W,Ming Z.Palaeozoic and Cenozoiclith-oprobes and loss of>120kmof Archaean lithosphere,Si-no-Korean craton,China,in magmatic processes and plate tectonics[J].Geol Soc Spec,1993:71-81.
[105]Griffin WL,Zhang A,O Reilly S Y,et al.Phanerozoic e-volution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean craton[M]∥Flower M F J,Chung S L,Lo C H,et al.Mantle dynamics and plate interactions in East Asia,Geodynamics Series27.Washington D C:AGU,1998:107-126.
[106]Seng r A MC.Continental interiors and cratons:any rela-tion[J]?Tectonophysics,1999,305:1-42.
[107]Pearson D G.The age of continental roots[J].Lithos,1999,48:171-194.
[108]Ren Xiangwen,Wu Fuyuan.Newprogress of the formation and evolution of sub-continental lithospheric mantle[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(3):514-524(in Chi-nese).
[109]Bostock MG.Mantle stratigraphy and evolution of the slave province[J].J Geophys Res,2002,103:21183-21200.
[110]Walter MJ.Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere[J].J Petrol,1998,39(1):1-10.
[111]Grove T L,Parman S W.Thermal evolution of the Earth as recorded by komatiites[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,219:173-187.
[112]Durrhei m RJ,Mooney WD.Archean and Proterozoic crus-tal evolution:evidence fromcrustal seismology[J].Geolo-gy,1991,19:606-609.
[113]Stern RJ.Evidence fromophiolites,blueschists,and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic terranes that the modern episode of subduction tectonics began in Neoproterozoic ti me[J].Geology,2005,33(7):557-560.
[114]Walker RJ,Carlson R W,Shirey S B,et al.Os,Sr,Nd,and Pb isotope systematics of southern African peridotite xenoliths:i mplications for the chemical evolution of subcon-tinental mantle[J].Geochi m Cosmochi m Acta,1989,53:1583-1595.
[115]Pearson D G,Snyder G A,Shirey S B,et al.Archaean Re-Os age for Siberian eclogites and constraints on Archaean tectonics[J].Nature,1995,374:711-713.
[116]Hanghoj K,Kelemen P,Bernstein S,et al.Osmiumiso-topes inthe Wiedemann Fjord mantle xenoliths:a unique re-cord of cratonic mantle formation by melt depletion in the Archaean[J].Geochem Geophys Geosyst,2001,2(1),DOI10.1029/2000GC000085.
[117]Aulbach S,Griffin WL,Pearson NJ,et al.Mantle forma-tion and evolution,Slave craton:constraints from HSEabun-dances and Re-Os isotope systematics of sulfide inclusions in mantle xenocrysts[J].Chem Geol,2004,208:61-88.
[118]Durrhei m R J,Mooney W D.Evolution of the Precambrian lithosphere:seismological and geochemical constraints[J].J Geophys Res,1994,99(B8):15359-15374.
[119]Nguuri T K,Gore J,James D E.Crustal structure beneath southern Africa andits i mplications for the formation and e-volution of the Kaapvaal and Zi mbabwe cratons[J].Geophy Res Lett,2001,28(13):2501-2504.
[120]Zhou X H,Sun M,Zhang G H,et al.Continental crust andlithospheric mantleinteraction beneath North China:isotop-ic evidence fromgranulite xenoliths in Hannuoba,Sino-Ko-rean craton[J].Lithos,2002,62:111-124.
[121]LQ,Hou Z,Yang Z,et al.Underplating in the middle-lower Yangtze Valley and model of geodynamic evolution:constraints fromgeophysical data[J].Science in China:Se-ries D,2005,48:985-999.
[122]Flesch L M,Holt WE,Silver P G,et al.Constraining the extent of crust-mantle coupling in central Asia using GPS,geologic,and shear wave splitting data[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,238:248-268.
[123]Nicolas A,Hirn A,Nicolich R,et al.Lithospheric wedging in the western Alps inferred fromthe ECORS-CROP trav-erse[J].Geology,1990,18:587-590.
[124]Leech M L.Arrested orogenic development:eclogitization,delamination,and tectonic collapse[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2001,185:149-159.
[125]Kind R,Yuan X,Saul J,et al.Seismic i mages of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet:evidence for Eurasian plate subduction[J].Science,2002,298:1219-1221.
[126]Zhang K L,Cai J X,Zhang Y X,et al.Eclogites fromcen-tral Qiangtang,northern Tibet(China)and tectonic i mpli-cations[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,245:722-729.
[127]Dobrzhinetskaya L,Green H W,Wang S.Alpe Arami:a peridotite massif from depths of more than300kilometers[J].Science,1996,271:1841-1845.
[128]Van Roermund H L M,Drury M R.An ultra-deep(200km)orogenic peridotite body in Western Norway[J].Eos,1998,79:F971.
[129]Bozhilov K N,Green H W,Dobrzhinetskaya L.Clinoensta-tite in Alpe Arami peridotite:additional evidence of very high pressure[J].Science,1999,284:128-132.
[130]Ye K,Cong B,Ye D.The possible subduction of continen-tal material to depths greater than200km[J].Nature,2000,407:734-736.
[131]Irifune T,Ringwood A E,Hibberson W O.Subduction of continental crust and terrigenous and pelagic sedi ments:an experi mental study[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1994,126:351-386.
[132]Escrig S,Capmas F,DuprB,et al.Osmiumisotopic con-straints on the nature of the DUPAL anomaly fromIndian mid-ocean-ridge basalts[J].Nature,2004,431:59-63.
[133]Jahn B M,Auvray B,Comichet J,et al.3.5Ga old am-phibolites from eastern Hebei Province China:field occur-rence,petrography,Sm-Ndisochron age and REEgeochem-istry[J].Precam Res,1987,34:311-346.
[134]Liu D,Nut man A P,Compston W,et al.Remnants of>3800Ma crust inthe Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton[J].Geology,1992,20:339-342.
[135]Fan W M,Zhang HF,Baker J,et al.On and off the North China Craton:where is the Archaean keel[J]?J Petrol,2000,41:933-950.
[136]Ma Xingyuan,Liu Changquan,Liu Guodong.Xiangshui(Jiangsu province)to Mandal(Nei Monggol)geoscience transect[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1991(3):199-215(in Chinese).
[137]Zheng T,Chen L,Zhao L,et al.Crust-mantle structure difference across the gravity gradient zone in North China Craton:seismic i mage of the thinned continental crust[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2007(in press).
[138]Deng J,Mo X,Zhao H,et al.Anew model for the dynamic evolution of Chinese lithosphere:“continental roots-plume tectonics”[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2004,65:223-275.
[139]Li C,Van Der H R D,Toks z M N.Constraining P-wave velocity variationsin the upper mantle beneath Southeast A-sia[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,154:180-195.
[140]Hu S,He L,Wang J.Heat flowin the continental area of China:a new data set[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2000,179:407-419.
[141]Liu Guangding,Hao Tiaoyao,Liu Yike.Tectonic frame-work of China and its relation with mineral resources[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(2):89-95.
[142]Lee C T A,Yin Q,Rudnick R L,et al.Preservation of ancient and fertile lithospheric mantle beneath the south-western United States[J].Nature,2001,411:69-73.
[143]Eggler D H,Meen J K,Welt R,et al.Tectonomagmatism of the Wyoming Province[J].Colo Sch Mines Q,1988,83:25-40.
[144]Brown R W,Gallagher K,Griffin WL,et al.Ki mberlites,accelerated erosion and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Kaapvaal craton during the mid-Cretaceous[C]∥Ext.Abst.7th Int.Ki mb.Conf.1999:105-107.
[145]Lee C T A,Rudnick R L,Bri mhall J R G H.Deep lithos-pheric dynamics beneaththe Sierra Nevada duringthe Meso-zoic and Cenozoic as inferred from xenolith petrology[J].Geochem Geophys Geosyst,2001,2:2001GC000152.
[146]Zhao L,Zheng T.Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton:distinct variation from east to west[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,32:2005GL0022585.
[147]Jia Shixu,Zhang Xiankang.Crustal structure and compari-son of different tectonic blocksin North China[J].Chinese J Geophys,2005,48:611-620(in Chinese).
[148]Zheng J P,O Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,et al.Relict refrac-tory mantle beneath the eastern North China block:signifi-cance for lithosphere evolution[J].Lithos,2001,57:43-66.
[149]Fan Wei ming,Guo Feng.Late mesozoic mafic magmatism fromthe eastern part of north china block and its adjacent regions:magma genesis and geodynamic i mplications for lithospheric thinning[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2005,29(1):44-55(in Chinese).
[150]Zhou Xinhua.Major transformation of subcontinental litho-sphere beneath eastern China in the Cenozoic-Mesozoic:re-viewand prospect[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(2):50-64(in Chinese).
[151]Xu Yigang.Roles of thermo-mechanic and chemical erosion in continental lithospheric thinning[J].Bulletin of Mineral-ogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,1999,18(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[152]Zhang H F,Min S,Zhou X H,et al.Geochemical con-straints on the origin of Mesozoic alkaline intrusive comple-xes fromthe North China Craton and tectonic i mplications[J].Lithos,2005,81:297-317.
[153]Yan Jun,Chen Jiangfeng,Xie Zhi,et al.Mantle xenoliths from Late Cretaceous basalt in eastern Shandong Province:newconstraint onthe ti ming of lithospheric thinningin east-ern China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(19):2139-2144.
[154]Zhang Hongfu,Zheng Jianping.Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Mesozoic basalts fromthe North China Craton:a case study in Fuxin,Liaoning Province[J].Chi-nese Science Bulletin,2003,48(9):924-930.
[155]Qiu Ruizhao,Li Tingdong,Deng Jinfu,et al.Crust-mantle petrological and petrochemical structures of three kinds of lithospheres in North China and their continental dynamic i mplications[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(2):127-140(in Chinese).
[156]Gao S,Zhang B R,Jin Z M,et al.How mafic is the lower continental crust[J]?Earth Planet Sci Lett,1998,161:101-117.
[157]Wu Fuyuan,Ge Wenchun,Sun Deyou,et al.Discussions on the lithospheric thinningin eastern China[J].Earth Sci-ence Frontiers,2003,10(3):51-60(in Chinese).
[158]Tian Z,Han P,Xu K.The Mesozoic-Cenozoic East China rift system[J].Tectonophysics,1992,208:341-363.
[159]Zhang H,Sun M.Geochemistry of Mesozoic basalts and mafic dikesin southeastern North China craton,andtectonic i mplication[J].Int Geol Rev,2002,44:370-382.
[160]Ratschbacher L,Hacker B R,Webb L E,et al.Exhuma-tion of the ultrahigh-pressure continental crust in east cen-tral China:Cretaceous and Cenozoic unroofing and the Tan-Lu fault[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:13303-13338.
[161]Gao S,Rudnick R L,Carlson R W,et al.Re-Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China Craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2002,198:307-322.
[162]Liu M,Cui XJ,Liu F T.Cenozoic rifting and volcanismin eastern China:a mantle dynamic link to the Indo-Asian col-lision[J]?Tectonophysics,2004,393:29-42.
[163]Wilde S A,Zhou X H,Nemchin A A,et al.Mesozoic crust-mantle beneaththe North China craton:a consequence of the dispersal of Gondwanaland and accretion of Asia[J].Geology,2003,31:817-820.
[164]Deng Jinfu,Zhao Hailing,Mo Xuanxue.Continental roots-plume tectonics of China—key to the continental dynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996(in Chi-nese).
[165]Anderson D L.Top-down tectonics[J]?Science,2001,293:2016-2018.
[166]Foulger G R,Natland J H.Is“hotspot”volcanisma conse-quence of plate tectonics[J]?Science,2003,300:921-922.
[167]Stern R J.Subduction initiation:spontaneous and induced[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,226:275-292.
[168]King S D,Anderson D L.Edge-driven convection[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,1998,160:289-296.
[169]King S D,Ritsema J.African hot spot volcanism:small-scale convection in the upper mantle beneath cratons[J].Science,2000,290:1137-1140.
[170]Vogt P R.Bermuda and Appalachian-Labrador rises:com-mon non-hotspot processes[J]?Geology,1991,19:41-44.
[171]Holbrook WS,Kelemen B.Large igneous province on the US Atlantic margin and i mplications for magmatism during continental break up[J].Nature,1993,364:433-436.
[172]Anderson D L.The edges of the mantle,the core-mantle boundary region[M]∥Gurnis M,Wysession M E,Knittle E,et al.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union,1998:255-271.
[173]Smith A D.The geodynamics significance of the DUPAL a-nomalyin Asia[M]∥Flower MFJ,Chung S L,Lo C H,et al.Mantle dynamics and plateinteractionsin East Asia,Ge-odynamics Series27.Washington D C:AGU,1998:89-105.
[174]Ren J,Tamaki D,Li S.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting andits dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas[J].Tectonophysics,2002,344:175-205.
[175]Fouch MJ,Fischer K M,Parmentier E M,et al.Shear wave splitting,continental keels,and patterns of mantle flow[J].J Geophys Res,2000,105:6255-6275.
[176]Silver P G.Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents:pro-bing the depths of geology[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,1996,24:385-432.
[177]Savage M K.Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation:what have we learned from shear wave splitting[J]?Rev Geophys,1999,37:65-106.
[178]Mainprice D,Barruol G,Ismail B B.The seismic anisotropy of the Earth s mantle:fromsingle crystal to polycrystal[M]∥Karato S I.Earth s deepinterior.Washington D C:Geo-dyn Ser,AGU,2000:237-264.
[179]Huang WC,Ni J F,Til mann F,et al.Seismic polarization anisotropy beneath the central Tibetan Plateau[J].J Geo-phys Res,2000,105:27979-27989.
[180]Sleep N H.Evolution of the continental lithosphere[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,2005,33:369-393.
[181]Manglik A,Christensen U R.Effect of lithospheric root on decompression meltingin plume-lithosphereinteraction mod-els[J].Geophys J Int,2006,164:259-270.
[182]Lin S C,Kuo B Y,Chiao L Y,et al.Thermal plume models and melt generationin East Africa:a dynamic modeling ap-proach[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2005,237:175-192.
[183]Pavlenkova NI.Structural regularities in the lithosphere of continents and plate tectonics[J].Tectonophysics,1995,243:223-229.
[184]Pavlenkova NI.General features of the uppermost mantle stratification fromlong-range seismic profiles[J].Tectono-physics,1996,264:261-278.
[185]Gaherty J B,Kato M,Jordan T H.Seismological structure of the upper mantle:a regional comparison of seismic laye-ring[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,1999,110:21-41.
[186]Pratt D.Plate tectonics:a paradigmunder threat[J].Jour-nal of Scientific Exploration,2000,14(3):307-352.
[187]Polet J,Anderson D L.Depth extent of cratons as inferred fromtomographic studies[J].Geology,1995,23:205-208.
[188]Handy MR,Brun J P.Seismicity,structure and strength of the continental lithosphere[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,2004,223:427-441.
[189]Zhao D,Mishra O,Sanda R.Influence of fluids and magma on earthquakes:seismological evidence[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2002,132:249-267.
[190]Salah M,Zhao D.Three-di mensional seismic structure of Kii Peninsula,Southwest Japan:evidence for slab dehydra-tion in the forearc[J].Tectonophysics,2003,364:191-213.
[191]Hacker B R,Peacock S M,Abers G A,et al.Subduction factory2.Areintermediate-depth earthquakesin subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions[J]?J Geophys Res,2003,108(B1):2001JB001129.
[192]Yamasaki T,Seno T.Double seismic zone and dehydration embrittlement of the subducting slab[J].J Geophys Res,2003,108:2002JB001918.
[193]Boyd F R.The origin of cratonic peridotites:a major ele-ment approach[J].Int Geol Rev,1998,40:755-764.
[194]Boyd F R,Pokhilenko N P,Pearson D G,et al.Composi-tion of the Siberian cratonic mantle:evidence from Udachnaya peridotite xenoliths[J].Contrib Mineral Petrol,1997,128(2/3):228-246.
[16]魏文博,金胜,叶高峰,等.大陆岩石圈导电性的研究方法[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):15-23.
[26]徐义刚,林传勇,史兰斌,等.中国东部上地幔地温线及其地质意义[J].中国科学:B辑,1995,25(8):874-881.
[27]史兰斌,林传勇,陈孝德,等.由包体推导的河北汉诺坝下地壳—上地幔地温线及其地质意义[J].地震地质,2000,22(1):37-46.
[29]汪洋,汪集■,熊亮萍,等.中国大陆主要地质构造单元岩石圈地热特征[J].地球学报,2001,22(1):17-22.
[32]安美建,石耀林.中国大陆岩石圈厚度分布研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):23-30.
[35]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像[J].地球物理学进展,2002,45(5):646-666.
[95]马昌前,佘振兵,张金阳,等.地壳根、造山热与岩浆作用[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):130-139.
[102]马文璞.当前造山带研究的几个重要问题[J].地学前缘,1999,6(3):103-111.
[103]何国琦,李茂松,周辉.论大陆岩石圈形成过程中的克拉通化阶段[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):217-224.
[108]任向文,吴福元.大陆岩石圈地幔形成与演化研究的新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):514-524.
[136]马杏垣,刘昌铨,刘国栋.江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面[J].地质学报,1991(3):199-215.
[141]刘光鼎,郝天珧,刘伊克.中国大地构造宏观格架及其与矿产资源的关系——根据地球物理资料的认识[J].科学通报,1997(2):113-118.
[147]嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48:611-620.
[149]范蔚茗,郭锋.华北地区晚中生代镁铁质岩浆作用及其地球动力学背景[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(1):44-55.
[150]周新华.中国东部中、新生代岩石圈转型与减薄研究若干问题[J].地学前缘,2006,13(2):50-64.
[151]徐义刚.岩石圈的热-机械侵蚀和化学侵蚀与岩石圈减薄[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1999,18(1):1-5.
[153]闫峻,陈江峰,谢智,等.鲁东晚白垩世玄武岩中的幔源捕虏体:对中国东部岩石圈减薄时间制约的新证据[J].科学通报,2003,48:1570-1574.
[154]张宏福,郑建平.华北中生代玄武岩的地球化学特征与岩石成因:以辽西阜新为例[J].科学通报,2003,48:603-609.
[155]邱瑞照,李廷栋,邓晋福,等.华北地区三类岩石圈的壳幔岩石学结构与化学结构及其大陆动力学意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(2):127-140.
[157]吴福元,葛文春,孙德有,等.中国东部岩石圈减薄研究中的几个问题[J].地学前缘,2003,10(3):51-60.
[164]邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学.中国大陆根-柱构造——大陆动力学的钥匙[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.