库车坳陷古隆起与盐构造特征及控油气作用
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摘要
依据钻井和地震资料,在库车坳陷识别出却勒、大北—吐北、克拉苏、依奇克里克和吐格尔明等古隆起以及盐枕、盐推覆、盐墙等盐构造。这些古隆起和盐构造主要分布于克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带和秋里塔格构造带,并都经历了复杂的形成演化过程,两者关系也非常密切。古隆起决定了盐构造的发育位置和形成过程,盐体一般在古隆起顶部发生聚集增厚,形成盐枕和盐墙构造,并在古隆起两翼盐体减薄处形成盐焊接和鱼尾构造等。古隆起和盐构造对库车地区的油气聚集分布起着重要的控制作用,古隆起的发育不仅有利于改善储层质量,其本身也是油气运移的优势指向区,巨厚膏盐层的存在也为油气聚集提供了极好的封盖作用。另外,古隆起和盐构造的叠加构造变形为油气聚集提供了丰富的构造圈闭和隐蔽圈闭,形成的断裂和不整合也构成了有效的油气输导体系。
Based on well and seismic data, some paleo-uplifts and salt structures have been identified in the Kuqa depression. The Quele, Dabei-Tubei, Kelasu, Yiqikelike and Tugerming paleo-uplifts are located in the Kelasu-Yiqikelike and Qiulitage structural belt, as well as salt pillows, salt nappes and salt walls. The development of salt structures has very close relationships to the paleo-uplifts because the paleo-uplifts exerted important influences on the spatial distribution of salt thickness. Usually, salt bodies thickened on the middle top of basement paleo-uplifts and then formed salt pillows and salt walls, yet salt-weld and salt-fish structures commonly developed in the regions adjacent to the limbs of the paleo-uplifts where the salt thickness obviously declined, resulting from the viscous flowage of salt. In the Kuqa depression, the basement paleo-uplifts and salt structures have governed the hydrocarbon accumulations in that the paleo-uplifts can improve the reservoirs, can be the favorable areas for hydrocarbon migration and thick halite layers also afford very good seals for hydrocarbon preservation. In addition, the structural distortion of paleo-uplifts and salt structures formed many structural and subtle traps, and the faults and unconformities can form good hydrocarbon pathway systems.
Based on well and seismic data, some paleo-uplifts and salt structures have been identified in the Kuqa depression. The Quele, Dabei-Tubei, Kelasu, Yiqikelike and Tugerming paleo-uplifts are located in the Kelasu-Yiqikelike and Qiulitage structural belt, as well as salt pillows, salt nappes and salt walls. The development of salt structures has very close relationships to the paleo-uplifts because the paleo-uplifts exerted important influences on the spatial distribution of salt thickness. Usually, salt bodies thickened on the middle top of basement paleo-uplifts and then formed salt pillows and salt walls, yet salt-weld and salt-fish structures commonly developed in the regions adjacent to the limbs of the paleo-uplifts where the salt thickness obviously declined, resulting from the viscous flowage of salt. In the Kuqa depression, the basement paleo-uplifts and salt structures have governed the hydrocarbon accumulations in that the paleo-uplifts can improve the reservoirs, can be the favorable areas for hydrocarbon migration and thick halite layers also afford very good seals for hydrocarbon preservation. In addition, the structural distortion of paleo-uplifts and salt structures formed many structural and subtle traps, and the faults and unconformities can form good hydrocarbon pathway systems.
引文
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何登发,翟光明,况军,张义杰,石昕.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征.地质科学,40(2):248~261.
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况军.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起与油气勘探方向.新疆石油地质,26(5):502~509.
李晓清,汪泽成,张兴为,刘琴,燕金梅.2001.四川盆地古隆起特征及对天然气的控制作用.石油与天然气地质,22(4):347~351.
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汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化与构造样式.北京:地质出版社,114~119.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281~290.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003b.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38~46.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文,王子煜.2004.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17~25.
唐祥华.1990.世界含盐油气盆地中的油气资源.中国地质,24(7):27~28.
徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,武恒志,闫相宾.2006.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比.石油与天然气地质,26(1):114~119.
徐旭辉.2004.塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制.同济大学学报,32(4):461~465.
杨俊杰.1991.陕甘宁盆地下古生界天然气的发现.天然气工业,11(2):1~6.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005a.受盐层影响的前陆褶皱—冲断带构造特征分析———以库车秋立塔克构造带为例.石油学报,26(4):1~4.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005b.库车坳陷盐构造与相关成藏模式.煤田地质与勘探,33(6):5~9.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330~336.
张敏,尹成明,陈琰.2005.柴达木盆地北缘含油气系统与油气勘探方向.沉积学报,23(1):143~149.
张小兵,赵锡奎.2004.塔里木盆地塔中隆起构造演化与油气关系.沉积与特提斯地质,24(2):70~75.
张宗命,贾承造.1997.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向.西安石油学院学报,12(3):8~13.
Edgell HS.1996.Salttectonicsinthe Persian Gulf Basins.In:AlsopGI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.GeologicalSociety Special Publication No.100,129~151.
Jackson MP A.1996.Retrospective salt tectonics.In:Jackson MPA,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A GlobalPerspective.AAPG Memoir65,1~28.
Koyi H,Jenyon M K,Petersen K.1993a.The effect of basementfaulting on diapirism.Journal of Petroleum Geology,16(3):285~312.
Koyi H,Petersen K.1993b.Influence of basement faults onthedevelopment of salt structures in the Danish Basin.Marine andPetroleum Geology,10(4):82~93.
Larsen B D,AvrahamZ B,Shul man H.2002.Fault and salt tectonicsin the southern Dead Sea basin.Tectonophysics,346(1~2):71~90.
Lu Huafu,Howell D G,Jia D.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqaforeland basin,north flank of Tari m basin,northwest China.International Geological Review,36(12):1151~1158.
Richard P.1991.Experi ments on faultingin a two-layer coversequence overlying a reactivated basement fault with oblique-slip.Journal of Structural Geology,13(4):459~469.
Stewart S A,Harvey MJ,Otto S C,Weston P J.1996.Influencof salt on fault geometry:examples fromthe UK salt basinsIn:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,DavisonI,ed.Salt tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,175~202.
Volozh V,Talbot C,Zadeh AI.2003.Salt structures and hydrocarbonsin the Pricaspian basin.AAPG Bulletin,87(2):313~334.
何登发,李德生.1996.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,154~162.
何登发,谢晓安.1997.中国克拉通盆地中央隆起与油气聚集.勘探家,2(2):11~19.
何登发,翟光明,况军,张义杰,石昕.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征.地质科学,40(2):248~261.
黄建松,郑聪斌,张军.2005.鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起成因分析.天然气工业,25(4):23~26.
康玉柱.1992.塔里木盆地古生代海相油气田.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,158~160.
况军.2005.准噶尔盆地古隆起与油气勘探方向.新疆石油地质,26(5):502~509.
李晓清,汪泽成,张兴为,刘琴,燕金梅.2001.四川盆地古隆起特征及对天然气的控制作用.石油与天然气地质,22(4):347~351.
刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,贾承造,雷刚林,陈楚铭,王国强,范湘涛.2000.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化.地质科学,35(4):482~492.
马新华,华爱刚,李景明,姚建军.2000.含盐油气盆地.北京:石油工业出版社,1~111.
邱中建,张一伟,李国玉.1998.田吉兹·尤罗勃钦碳酸盐岩油气田石油地质考察及对塔里木盆地寻找的启示和建议.海相油气地质,3(1):49~56.
任文军,张庆龙,张进,郭令智.1999.鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起板块构造成因初步研究.大地构造与成矿学,23(2):191~196.
孙冬胜.2003.库车前陆盆地大中型气田成藏主控因素研究.北京:石油大学(北京)博士后研究工作报告.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化与构造样式.北京:地质出版社,114~119.
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱带中段第三系盐枕构造.地质科学,38(3):281~290.
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003b.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学(D辑),33(1):38~46.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文,王子煜.2004.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造.地质学报,78(1):17~25.
唐祥华.1990.世界含盐油气盆地中的油气资源.中国地质,24(7):27~28.
徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,武恒志,闫相宾.2006.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比.石油与天然气地质,26(1):114~119.
徐旭辉.2004.塔里木盆地古隆起的形成和油气控制.同济大学学报,32(4):461~465.
杨俊杰.1991.陕甘宁盆地下古生界天然气的发现.天然气工业,11(2):1~6.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005a.受盐层影响的前陆褶皱—冲断带构造特征分析———以库车秋立塔克构造带为例.石油学报,26(4):1~4.
余一欣,汤良杰,王清华,杨文静,彭更新,雷刚林.2005b.库车坳陷盐构造与相关成藏模式.煤田地质与勘探,33(6):5~9.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330~336.
张敏,尹成明,陈琰.2005.柴达木盆地北缘含油气系统与油气勘探方向.沉积学报,23(1):143~149.
张小兵,赵锡奎.2004.塔里木盆地塔中隆起构造演化与油气关系.沉积与特提斯地质,24(2):70~75.
张宗命,贾承造.1997.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向.西安石油学院学报,12(3):8~13.
Edgell HS.1996.Salttectonicsinthe Persian Gulf Basins.In:AlsopGI,Blundell D G,Davison I,ed.Salt Tectonics.GeologicalSociety Special Publication No.100,129~151.
Jackson MP A.1996.Retrospective salt tectonics.In:Jackson MPA,Roberts D G,Snelson S,ed.Salt Tectonics:A GlobalPerspective.AAPG Memoir65,1~28.
Koyi H,Jenyon M K,Petersen K.1993a.The effect of basementfaulting on diapirism.Journal of Petroleum Geology,16(3):285~312.
Koyi H,Petersen K.1993b.Influence of basement faults onthedevelopment of salt structures in the Danish Basin.Marine andPetroleum Geology,10(4):82~93.
Larsen B D,AvrahamZ B,Shul man H.2002.Fault and salt tectonicsin the southern Dead Sea basin.Tectonophysics,346(1~2):71~90.
Lu Huafu,Howell D G,Jia D.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqaforeland basin,north flank of Tari m basin,northwest China.International Geological Review,36(12):1151~1158.
Richard P.1991.Experi ments on faultingin a two-layer coversequence overlying a reactivated basement fault with oblique-slip.Journal of Structural Geology,13(4):459~469.
Stewart S A,Harvey MJ,Otto S C,Weston P J.1996.Influencof salt on fault geometry:examples fromthe UK salt basinsIn:Alsop GI,Blundell D G,DavisonI,ed.Salt tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication No.100,175~202.
Volozh V,Talbot C,Zadeh AI.2003.Salt structures and hydrocarbonsin the Pricaspian basin.AAPG Bulletin,87(2):313~334.
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