边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究
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摘要
利用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立了一个边坡动力数值分析模型,用振动台模型试验对数值模拟效果进行了验证。在此基础上,分析了地震作用下边坡的动力响应规律,以及地震动参数对边坡动力响应的影响。结果表明,边坡对输入地震波存在垂直放大和临空面放大作用,边坡土体对输入地震波低频部分存在放大作用,对高频部分存在滤波作用。坡面加速度峰值放大系数随输入地震波振幅、频率的增加而减小,持时对加速度峰值响应的影响不大;坡体位移随振幅、持时的增加而显著增大,随频率的增大而减小。强震作用下剪应变增量最大区域的位置和形状表明,单一均质土层边坡的破坏模式仍是沿着某一弧形潜在滑动面失稳。研究结果有助于进一步揭示边坡在地震作用下的失稳机制。
A dynamic numerical simulation model of soil slopes was established with FLAC3D program,and the validity of simulation was validated with a shaking table model test.Based on this,the dynamic response laws and the influence of parameters of ground motion on the responses under earthquakes were analyzed.It was shown that the input seismic waves were affected by vertical and surface amplification of the slopes,and the effect amplified the input seismic waves with low frequency and filtered those with high frequency.It was reported that the coefficients of amplification of PGA along the slope surface decreased with the increase of amplitudes and frequencies of earthquakes,while these coefficients were less affected by the duration.It was also indicated that the maximum displacement of the slopes evidently increased with increase of amplitudes and duration of earthquakes while decreased with increase of frequencies.Furthermore,it was shown by the location and the shape of the maximum shear-strain increment region that the failure pattern of homogeneous soil slopes under earthquakes is instability along a potential sliding surface,similar to that under static condition.The results were helpful to further researches on the mechanism of slope instability under earthquakes.
A dynamic numerical simulation model of soil slopes was established with FLAC3D program,and the validity of simulation was validated with a shaking table model test.Based on this,the dynamic response laws and the influence of parameters of ground motion on the responses under earthquakes were analyzed.It was shown that the input seismic waves were affected by vertical and surface amplification of the slopes,and the effect amplified the input seismic waves with low frequency and filtered those with high frequency.It was reported that the coefficients of amplification of PGA along the slope surface decreased with the increase of amplitudes and frequencies of earthquakes,while these coefficients were less affected by the duration.It was also indicated that the maximum displacement of the slopes evidently increased with increase of amplitudes and duration of earthquakes while decreased with increase of frequencies.Furthermore,it was shown by the location and the shape of the maximum shear-strain increment region that the failure pattern of homogeneous soil slopes under earthquakes is instability along a potential sliding surface,similar to that under static condition.The results were helpful to further researches on the mechanism of slope instability under earthquakes.
引文
[1]薄景山,徐国栋,景立平.土边坡地震反应及其动力稳定性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):116–120.(BO Jing-shan,XU Guo-dong,JING Li-ping.Seismic response and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(2):116–120.(in Chinese))
[2]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553–556.(LIU Han-long,FEI Kang,GAO Yu-feng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553–556.(in Chinese))
[3]LIN Meei-ling,WANG Kuo-lung.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2,3):118–133.
[4]唐洪祥,邵龙潭.地震动力作用下有限元土石坝边坡稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1318–1324.(TANG Hong-xiang,SHAO long-tan.Finite element analysis on slope stability of earth-rock dam under eartherquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1318–1324.(in Chinese))
[5]周永江,王开云,符文熹,何江达.高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):93–98.(ZHOU Yong-jiang,WANG Kai-yun,FU Wen-xi,HE Jiang-da.Analysis on time history dynamic response of a rockfall-type slope under high earthquake intensity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(1):93–98.(in Chinese))
[6]祁生文.单面边坡的两种动力反应形式及其临界高度[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):518–523.(QI Sheng-wen.Two patterns of dynamic responses of single-free-surface slopes and their threshold height[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):518–523.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,李亮,程绍革.土–地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验——试验结果分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(1):164–170.(CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,LI Liang,CHENG Shao-ge.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:Analysis of test results[J].Journal of Earthquake Engeering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(1):164–170.(in Chinese))
[8]李海波,马行东,李俊如,戴会超,肖克强.地震荷载作用下地下岩体洞室位移特征的影响因素分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):358–362.(LI Hai-bo,MA Xing-dong,LI Jun-ru,DAI Hui-chao,XIAO Ke-qiang.Study on influence factors of rock cavern displacement under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):358–362.(in Chinese))
[9]刘春玲,祁生文,童立强,赵法锁.利用FLAC3D分析某边坡地震稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2730–2733.(LIU Chun-ling,QI Sheng-wen,TONG Li-qiang,ZHAO Fa-suo.Stability analysis of slope under earthquake with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2730–2733.(in Chinese))
[10]陈占军,朱传云,周小恒.爆破荷载作用下岩石边坡动态响应的FLAC3D模拟研究[J].爆破,2005,22(4):8–13.(CHEN Zhan-jun,ZHU Chuan-yun,ZHOU Xiao-heng.FLAC3D simulation for dynamic response of rock slope under explosion[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):8–13.(in Chinese))
[11]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,李朝红.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624–632.(XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,LI Zhao-hong.Large-scale shaking table model test on the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624–632.(in Chinese))
[2]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553–556.(LIU Han-long,FEI Kang,GAO Yu-feng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553–556.(in Chinese))
[3]LIN Meei-ling,WANG Kuo-lung.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2,3):118–133.
[4]唐洪祥,邵龙潭.地震动力作用下有限元土石坝边坡稳定分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1318–1324.(TANG Hong-xiang,SHAO long-tan.Finite element analysis on slope stability of earth-rock dam under eartherquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1318–1324.(in Chinese))
[5]周永江,王开云,符文熹,何江达.高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):93–98.(ZHOU Yong-jiang,WANG Kai-yun,FU Wen-xi,HE Jiang-da.Analysis on time history dynamic response of a rockfall-type slope under high earthquake intensity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(1):93–98.(in Chinese))
[6]祁生文.单面边坡的两种动力反应形式及其临界高度[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):518–523.(QI Sheng-wen.Two patterns of dynamic responses of single-free-surface slopes and their threshold height[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):518–523.(in Chinese))
[7]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,李亮,程绍革.土–地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验——试验结果分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(1):164–170.(CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,LI Liang,CHENG Shao-ge.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:Analysis of test results[J].Journal of Earthquake Engeering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(1):164–170.(in Chinese))
[8]李海波,马行东,李俊如,戴会超,肖克强.地震荷载作用下地下岩体洞室位移特征的影响因素分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3):358–362.(LI Hai-bo,MA Xing-dong,LI Jun-ru,DAI Hui-chao,XIAO Ke-qiang.Study on influence factors of rock cavern displacement under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(3):358–362.(in Chinese))
[9]刘春玲,祁生文,童立强,赵法锁.利用FLAC3D分析某边坡地震稳定性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2730–2733.(LIU Chun-ling,QI Sheng-wen,TONG Li-qiang,ZHAO Fa-suo.Stability analysis of slope under earthquake with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2730–2733.(in Chinese))
[10]陈占军,朱传云,周小恒.爆破荷载作用下岩石边坡动态响应的FLAC3D模拟研究[J].爆破,2005,22(4):8–13.(CHEN Zhan-jun,ZHU Chuan-yun,ZHOU Xiao-heng.FLAC3D simulation for dynamic response of rock slope under explosion[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):8–13.(in Chinese))
[11]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,李朝红.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624–632.(XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,LI Zhao-hong.Large-scale shaking table model test on the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624–632.(in Chinese))
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