青海玉树M_S7.1级地震发震应力场与非稳定发震机理的模拟
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摘要
分析了玉树地区的地应力场、速度场.在此基础上,对青海玉树2010.4.14 Ms7.1级地震发震机理进行了数值模拟.将围岩看成弹性体,断层看成具有应变软化特性的弹塑性体,断层和围岩组成统一的地质介质系统.在地应力、孔隙压力及边界位移的作用下,应力逐渐积累,当达到断层的摩擦破坏强度时,断层产生位移软化,断层突然滑动,能量突然释放,应力突然下降,形成地震.根据这一过程,对玉树地震进行了模拟.玉树7.1级地震是在印度板块向北推挤,青藏高原向东南侧向挤压,在玉树地区形成主压应力为北东东方向的水平应力场,使甘孜一玉树断裂带产生左旋走滑错动形成的.模拟结果给出了应力降、能量释放量、断层走滑和垂直错动量、地表变形,地震复发周期、应力积累速度等重要参数,模拟结果与野外调查资料具有较好的一致性.
The stress field and velocity field in Yushu region are analyzed.On this basis,the earthquake mechanism of magnitude M_s7.1 on April 14,2010,in Qinghai Yushu is simulated by numerical method with strain softening model.Fault and surrounding rock is considered as a unified system of geological media,considering surrounding rock as elastic body,fault as the elastic-plastic strain softening body.Yushu M_s7.1 earthquake occurrs in stress field formed by northward compressing of Indian plat and southeast compressing of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Under the effect of stress and pore pressure and boundary displacement,stress is gradual accumulated.When stress reaches the strength of damage of fault,the fault displacement softening is produced,fault sliding suddenly,the energy releasing suddenly,a sudden drop in stress resulting,a earthquake occuring.According to this process,earthquake of Yushu earthquake of M_s7.1 is modeled.The stress drop,energy release amount,the magnitude of dislocation of fault,and earthquake recurrence intervals are given by modeling.Comparison of the modeling results with the results of geologic survey in the field shows that they are in good agreement.
The stress field and velocity field in Yushu region are analyzed.On this basis,the earthquake mechanism of magnitude M_s7.1 on April 14,2010,in Qinghai Yushu is simulated by numerical method with strain softening model.Fault and surrounding rock is considered as a unified system of geological media,considering surrounding rock as elastic body,fault as the elastic-plastic strain softening body.Yushu M_s7.1 earthquake occurrs in stress field formed by northward compressing of Indian plat and southeast compressing of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Under the effect of stress and pore pressure and boundary displacement,stress is gradual accumulated.When stress reaches the strength of damage of fault,the fault displacement softening is produced,fault sliding suddenly,the energy releasing suddenly,a sudden drop in stress resulting,a earthquake occuring.According to this process,earthquake of Yushu earthquake of M_s7.1 is modeled.The stress drop,energy release amount,the magnitude of dislocation of fault,and earthquake recurrence intervals are given by modeling.Comparison of the modeling results with the results of geologic survey in the field shows that they are in good agreement.
引文
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[26]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(M_s8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征.中国地质,2008,35(5): 803-813 Li H B,Wang Z X,Fu X F,et al.The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(M_s8.0) happened on May 12th,2008.Geology in China(in Chinese),2008, 35(5):803-813
[2]马寅生,张永双,胡道功.地质力学研究所专家组青海玉树地震断裂调查.2010 http://www.geomech.ac.cn/ Ma Y S,Zhang Y S,Hu D G.Qinghai Yushu Earthquake Fracture Investigation of Expert Group from Institute of Geomechanics.(in Chinese),2010 http://www.geomech. ac.cn/xinwen/2010/yushudizhen/yushu0423.htm[2011-01- 25]
[3]陈祖安,林邦慧,白武明等.2008年汶川8.0级地震孕震机??理研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):408-417 Chen Z A,Lin B H.Bai W M,et al.The mechanism of generation of May 12.2008 M_s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):408-417
[4]朱守彪,张培震.2008年汶川M_s8.0地震发生过程的动力学机制研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):418-427 Zhu S B,Zhang P Z.A study on the dynamical mechanisms of the Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake.Chinses J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(2):418-427
[5]殷有泉,张宏.模拟地震的应变软化的数学模型.地球物理学报,1982,25(5):414-423 Yin Y Q,Zhang H.A mathematical model of strain softening in simulating earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1982,25(5):414-423
[6]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例.北京:中国水利出版社,2009 Chen Y M,Xu D P.FLAC/FLAC3D Case of Foundation and Engineering(in Chinese).Beijing:China Waterpower Press, 2009
[7]陈颙.地壳岩石的力学性能——理论基础与试验方法.北京:地震出版社,1988 Chen R.Mechanical Properties of Crest Rock-Theoretical Foundation and Experimental Methods(in Chinese).Beijing: Seismological Press,1988
[8]耶格J C,库克N G W.岩石力学基础.中国科学院工程力学研究所译,北京:地震出版,1981 Jaeger J C,Cook N G W.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics (in Chinese).Translated by Institute of Engineering Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing:Seismological Press.1981
[9]Rice J R.Theory of precursory processes in the inception of earthquake rupture.Gerlands Beitr.Geophys.,1979,88: 91-127
[10]谭成轩,马秀敏,杨农等.地质力学研究所地应力监测台站获得青海玉树M_s7.1级地震信息.http://www. geomech.ac.cn/xinwen/2010/yushudizhen/yushujianbao. htm.2010[2011-01-25] Tan C X,Ma X M.Yang N,et al.Qinghai Yushu M_s7.1 Earthquake Information Obtained by Crurst Stress Station in Institute of Geomechsnics(in Chinese).http://www. geomech.ac.cn/xinwen/2010/yushudizhen/yushujianbao.htm. 2010[2011-01-25]
[11]彭华,马秀敏,李金锁等.南水北调西线一期工程地壳稳定性研究.北京:地震出版社,2009 Peng H,Ma X M,Li J S,et al.Study on Crustal Stability of West Route Engineering of South-to-North Water Transeer Project(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2009
[12]赖锡安,黄立文.中国大陆现今地壳运动.北京:地震出版社,2004 Lai X A,Huang L W.Current Crustal Movement in Chinese Mainland(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2004
[13]刁桂苓,王晓山,高国英等.以震源机制类型划分汶川、玉树地震构造块体归属.地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1778- 1783 Diao G L,Wang X S,Gao G Y et al.Tectonic block attribution of Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes distinguished by focal mechanism type.Chinses J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2010,58(3):1778-1783
[14]Bureou of Geological Surver of America.Magnitude 6.9-Southern Qinghai,China.http://earthquake.usgs.gov. 2010[2010-08-25]
[15]王连捷,王薇,袁佳音.中国地应力测量的进展.见:地质力学文集第九集.北京:地质出版社,1989.21-32 Wang L J,Wang W,Yuan J Y.Progress of stress measurement in China.In:Selected Pupers on Geomechanics No.9(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1989.21-32
[16]Means W D.应力与应变.陈资平,周治安,郭柏英等,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1980 Means W D.Stress and Strain(in Chinese).Translated by Chen Z P,Zhou Z A,Guo B Y,et al.Beijing:Coal Mining Industry Press,1980
[17]Goodman R E,Taylor R L,Brekke T L.A model for the mechanics of jointed rock.Soil Mech.Found.Div.,ASCE, 1968,94(SM3):637-659
[18]Zienkiewicz O C,Taylor R L.The Finite Element Method (Fifth Edition),Volume 1:The Basis,Volume 2:Solid Mechanics,Volume 3:Fluid Dynamics,Xxford,Boston: Butterworth-Heineman,2000
[19]殷有泉,张宏.断裂带内介质的软化特性和地震的非稳定模型.地震学报,1984,6(2):135-145 Yin Y Q,Zhang H.The softening behaviour of fault zone medium and an instability model of earthquakes.Acta ??Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese).1984,6(2):135-145
[20]殷有泉.非线性有限元基础.北京:北京大学出版社,2007 Yin Y Q.Non-Linear Finite Element Method(in Chinese). Beijing:Peking University Press,2007
[21]Stuart W D.Quasi-static earthquake mechanics.Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics,1979,17(6):1115-1120
[22]王连捷,崔军文,周春景等.汶川5·12地震发震机理的数值模拟.地质力学学报,2009,15(12):105-113 Wang L J,Cui J W,Zhou C J,et al.Numerical modeling for Wenchuan earthquake mechanism.Journal of Geomechanics (in Chinese),2009,15(12):105-113
[23]任俊杰,谢富仁,刘冬英等.2010年玉树地震的构造环境、历史地震活动及其复发周期估计.震灾防御技术,2010,5 (2):228-233 Ren J J,Xie F R,Liu D Y,et al.Study of tectonics, seismicity and recurrence interval of Yushu 2010 earthquake, Qinghai Province.Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention(in Chinese),2010,5(2):228-233
[24]笠原庆一.地震力学.赵仲和译.北京:地震出版社,1984 Kasahara K.Earthquake Mechanics(in Chinese).Translated by Zhao Z H.Beijing:Seismological Press,1984
[25]Yamashita F,Fukuyama E,Omura K.Estimation of fault strength:Reconstruction of stress before the 1995 Kobe Earthquake.Science,2004,306(5694):261-263
[26]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(M_s8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征.中国地质,2008,35(5): 803-813 Li H B,Wang Z X,Fu X F,et al.The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake(M_s8.0) happened on May 12th,2008.Geology in China(in Chinese),2008, 35(5):803-813
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