长输油气管道地震监测预警的应用与技术
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摘要
在最近40年的管道工业中,地震灾害导致了大量管道破坏事故。长输管道地震监测预警的目的不是震前预报,而是震后紧急速报,为管道震后决策和紧急救援提供依据。介绍了地震监测预警系统在阿拉斯加管道、冀宁管道、东京煤气公司等管道上的典型应用,对地震监测预警的硬件和软件技术手段进行了分析。硬件手段有地震动参数监测、断层位移监测、管道泄漏监测以及数据传输;软件手段包括地震动参数处理、自动报警,以及灾情评估与管道维修咨询。
In the recent four decades of oil and gas pipeline industry,strong earthquakes have caused numerous pipeline failures.The aim of earthquake monitoring and early-warning for long-distance oil and gas pipelines is not for forecasting earthquake,but for rapid reporting post-earthquake information,which provide emergency decisions and rescue plans for pipeline engineering after earthquakes.Some typical applications of earthquake monitoring and early-warning system on the pipelines of Trans-Alaska,Jining,Tokyo Gas are introduced respectively.Technologies in terms of hardware and software of the earthquake monitoring and early-warning system are also analyzed.Technologies of the hardware include vibrating parameters monitoring,fault displacement monitoring,pipeline leak monitoring and data transmission.Technologies of the software include vibrating parameters processing,auto alarming,as well as situation assessing and pipeline repairing consultation.
In the recent four decades of oil and gas pipeline industry,strong earthquakes have caused numerous pipeline failures.The aim of earthquake monitoring and early-warning for long-distance oil and gas pipelines is not for forecasting earthquake,but for rapid reporting post-earthquake information,which provide emergency decisions and rescue plans for pipeline engineering after earthquakes.Some typical applications of earthquake monitoring and early-warning system on the pipelines of Trans-Alaska,Jining,Tokyo Gas are introduced respectively.Technologies in terms of hardware and software of the earthquake monitoring and early-warning system are also analyzed.Technologies of the hardware include vibrating parameters monitoring,fault displacement monitoring,pipeline leak monitoring and data transmission.Technologies of the software include vibrating parameters processing,auto alarming,as well as situation assessing and pipeline repairing consultation.
引文
[1]Nyman D J,Johnson E R,Roach C H.Trans-Alaska pipeline emergency response and recovery following the November 3,2002 Denali FaultEarthquake[C]//ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,Long Beach,CA,August2003,and Publication in the Confer-ence Proceedings,p1-11.
[2]Yokel F Y,Mathey R G.Earthquake resistant construction of gas and liquid fuel pipeline systems serving,or regulated by the Federal Government[R].Building and Fire Research Laboratory of National Institute of Standards and Technology.Prepared for Federal Emergency Management A-gency.March,1992,pp11-14.
[3]李鹤林,李宵,吉玲康,等.油气管道基于应变的设计及抗大变形管线钢的开发与应用[J].焊管,2007,30(5):5-12.Li Helin,Li Xiao,Ji Lingkang,et al.Strain-based design for pipeline and development of pipe steels with high deformation resistance[J].Wel-ded Pipe and Tube,2007,30(5):5-12.
[4]Nyman D J,Nelson E L,Roach C H.Newtrans-Alaska pipeline earthquake monitoring system[C]//Conference Proceeding Paper Part of:Opti-mizing post-earthquake lifeline system reliability,ASME,Jun 15,1999:897-906.
[5]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].中国勘察设计,2006,(10):69-71.Li Zhiyong,Wang Fusheng,Xu Yanxin.The brief introduction of aseismatic design in fault belt of jining pipeline engineering[J].China Investi-gation&Design,2006,(10):69-71.
[6]Shimizu Y,Yasuda S,et al.Development of real-time safety control systemfor urban gas supply network[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoen-vironmental Engineering,2007,133(2):237-249.
[7]Babazade O,Babazade N,Griesser L,et al.Dynamic prediction and earthquake monitoring-one of the possible approaches to decrease the risk foroil and gas pipeline[C]//Geophysical Research Abstracts,European Geosciences Union 2007,2007,9:507.
[8]Wieland M.Earthquake alarm,rapid response and early warning systems:lowcost systems for seismic risk reduction[C]//First Edition-Preparedin Conjunction with the International Workshop on Disaster Reduction Convened on August 19-22,2001:10.
[9]汤爱平,陆钦年.埋地生命线管道系统智能监测的初步研究[J].世界地震工程,2002,17(1):106-111.Tang Aiping,Lu Qinnian.The initial study of smart monitoring to buried pipeline[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2002,17(1):106-111.
[10]Griesser L,Wieland M,Walder R,Manno L.Earthquake detection and safety system for oil pipelines[J].Pipeline&Gas Journal,2004,231(12):38-40.
[2]Yokel F Y,Mathey R G.Earthquake resistant construction of gas and liquid fuel pipeline systems serving,or regulated by the Federal Government[R].Building and Fire Research Laboratory of National Institute of Standards and Technology.Prepared for Federal Emergency Management A-gency.March,1992,pp11-14.
[3]李鹤林,李宵,吉玲康,等.油气管道基于应变的设计及抗大变形管线钢的开发与应用[J].焊管,2007,30(5):5-12.Li Helin,Li Xiao,Ji Lingkang,et al.Strain-based design for pipeline and development of pipe steels with high deformation resistance[J].Wel-ded Pipe and Tube,2007,30(5):5-12.
[4]Nyman D J,Nelson E L,Roach C H.Newtrans-Alaska pipeline earthquake monitoring system[C]//Conference Proceeding Paper Part of:Opti-mizing post-earthquake lifeline system reliability,ASME,Jun 15,1999:897-906.
[5]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].中国勘察设计,2006,(10):69-71.Li Zhiyong,Wang Fusheng,Xu Yanxin.The brief introduction of aseismatic design in fault belt of jining pipeline engineering[J].China Investi-gation&Design,2006,(10):69-71.
[6]Shimizu Y,Yasuda S,et al.Development of real-time safety control systemfor urban gas supply network[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoen-vironmental Engineering,2007,133(2):237-249.
[7]Babazade O,Babazade N,Griesser L,et al.Dynamic prediction and earthquake monitoring-one of the possible approaches to decrease the risk foroil and gas pipeline[C]//Geophysical Research Abstracts,European Geosciences Union 2007,2007,9:507.
[8]Wieland M.Earthquake alarm,rapid response and early warning systems:lowcost systems for seismic risk reduction[C]//First Edition-Preparedin Conjunction with the International Workshop on Disaster Reduction Convened on August 19-22,2001:10.
[9]汤爱平,陆钦年.埋地生命线管道系统智能监测的初步研究[J].世界地震工程,2002,17(1):106-111.Tang Aiping,Lu Qinnian.The initial study of smart monitoring to buried pipeline[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2002,17(1):106-111.
[10]Griesser L,Wieland M,Walder R,Manno L.Earthquake detection and safety system for oil pipelines[J].Pipeline&Gas Journal,2004,231(12):38-40.
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