南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因
摘要
深水水道是深水沉积体系中重要的组成单元,其作为潜在的油气储集体也被油气行业所关注。深水水道多处于深水环境下的沉积地层中,因此对于其直接的观测和研究都比较困难。基于近年新采集的多道2D和3D地震资料,利用相干时间切片、RMS均方根振幅、3D振幅可视化等地球物理手段对南海北部陆坡深水水道进行了识别和研究。该水道为更新世深水曲流水道,与来自中南半岛的浊流侵蚀有关,水道呈SW—NE向展布,侧向侵蚀特征明显。3D振幅可视化图显示该水道轴部为强振幅反射,推测为富砂充填,其余部分为弱振幅反射,推测为富泥充填,这点与世界已钻水道特征一致。深水曲流水道的形成过程和内部结构复杂,其内部砂体与泥岩常互层出现,泥岩的封堵作用会阻碍流体的流动或形成超压,同时也可起到良好的盖层作用,因此对于深水曲流水道的勘探和开发要重视这个问题。
The deepwater channel is one important element of deepwater sedimentary system,and is becoming more important to the oil industry for its potential hydrocarbon reserve. Most of the deepwater channels were buried in the submarine sedimentary formation,and are difficult to observe and study directly. Based on the new required 2D and 3D seismic data,this paper used attribute analysis technologies,likewise 3D ESP coherence time slices( flattened on the seafloor) ,RMS and 3D visualization to realize and study the deepwater channel developed on the slope of northern South China Sea. This channel was a deepwater sinuous channel developed in Pleistocene period,and was formed by the turbidite flow from the Indo-China peninsula. The channel is SW-NE extend,the lateral erosional features is apparent. The 3D amplitude visualization map shows that the axis fill of the channel is high amplitude reflection,and was supposed to be sand-rich fill,the other part of the channel fill is low amplitude reflection,and was supposed to be mud-rich fill,which are similar with the deepwater channel drilled in the world. The deepwater sinuous channel has complex inner fill and composition architecture,the sand and shale layer are always interbedded,the shale layer could either hinder the migration of the flow and form overpressure or be a better seal to the flow,and we should pay more attention to this problem under the exploration and development to deepwater sinuous channel.
The deepwater channel is one important element of deepwater sedimentary system,and is becoming more important to the oil industry for its potential hydrocarbon reserve. Most of the deepwater channels were buried in the submarine sedimentary formation,and are difficult to observe and study directly. Based on the new required 2D and 3D seismic data,this paper used attribute analysis technologies,likewise 3D ESP coherence time slices( flattened on the seafloor) ,RMS and 3D visualization to realize and study the deepwater channel developed on the slope of northern South China Sea. This channel was a deepwater sinuous channel developed in Pleistocene period,and was formed by the turbidite flow from the Indo-China peninsula. The channel is SW-NE extend,the lateral erosional features is apparent. The 3D amplitude visualization map shows that the axis fill of the channel is high amplitude reflection,and was supposed to be sand-rich fill,the other part of the channel fill is low amplitude reflection,and was supposed to be mud-rich fill,which are similar with the deepwater channel drilled in the world. The deepwater sinuous channel has complex inner fill and composition architecture,the sand and shale layer are always interbedded,the shale layer could either hinder the migration of the flow and form overpressure or be a better seal to the flow,and we should pay more attention to this problem under the exploration and development to deepwater sinuous channel.
引文
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3Schwab A M,Cronin B T,Ferreira H.Seismic expression of channel outcrops:Offset stacked versus amalgamated channel systems[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:504-514
4Popescu I,Lericolais G,Panin N,et al.Late Quaternary channel a-vulsions on the Danube deep-sea fan[J].Marine Geology,2001,179:25-37
5Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvial sinuouschannels-Characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:388-405
6姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国,等.琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):685-691[Yao Gen-shun,Yuan Shengqiang,Wu Shiguo,et al.The double provenance supply depositional model and its exlporation prospect in the deepwater of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):685-691
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10Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns in some major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:450-469
11Yuan S Q,Lv F L,Wu S G,et al.Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiong-dongnan deep sea channel,Northwestern South China Sea[J].Chi-nese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,54(2):250-259
12林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥,等.莺-琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景[J].科学通报,2001,46(1):69-72[Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Cai Shixiang,et al.The large scale incision valley,seafloor gravity flow system and its develop setting in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(1):69-72]
13陶维祥,何仕斌,赵志刚,等.琼东南盆地深水区储层分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):554-559[Tao Weixiang,He Shibin,Zhao Zhigang,et al.Reservoir distribution in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Bain[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):554-559]
14彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡—南海深水扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(01):1-11[Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,et al.From shallow-water shelf to deep-water slope:the research of deep-water fan systems in SouthChina Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(1):1-11]
15彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.南海深水扇系统的形成特征与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):10-18[Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,et al.The characteristics and controlling factors for the formation of deep-water fan system in South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):10-18]
16高振中,何幼斌,张兴阳,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):400-407[Gao Zhenzhong,He Youbin,Zhang Xingyang,et al.Internal wave and internal-tide de-posits of the Middle Upper Ordovician in the Central Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(3):400-407]
17Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbi-dite systems[C]∥Weimer P,Link M H,eds.Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems[M]:New York,Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106
18Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of Deep-water Settings[M].AAPG Studies in Geology57,AAPG/Datapages Discovery Series8,2007:171-248
19Damuth J E,Kolla,Flood V R D,et al.Distributary channel mean-dering and bifurcation patterns on Amazon deep-sea fan as revealed by long-range side-scan sonar(GLORIA)[J].Geology,1983,11:94-98
20Navarre J-C,Claude D,Librelle E,et al.Deepwater turbidite system analysis,West Africa:Sedimentary model and implications for reser-voir model construction[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21:1132-1139
21Abreu V,Sullivan M,Pirmez C,et al.Lateral accretion packages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep water sinuous chan-nels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:631-648
22Richards M,Bowman M.Submarine fans and related depositional sys-tems II:variability in reservoir architecture and wireline log character[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:821-839
23Peakall J,McCaffrey W D,Kneller B.A process model for the evolu-tion,morphology and architecture of sinuous submarine channels[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70:434-448
24Posamentier H W,Meizarwin P,Wisman S,et al.Deep water depo-sitional systems-Ultradeep Makassar Strait,Indonesia[C]∥Weimer P,Slatt R.M,Coleman J L,Rosen N,et al.eds.Global deep-water reservoirs.Gulf Coast Section SEPM Foundation20th Annual Bob F.Perkins Research Conference,2000:806-816
25Reading H G,Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1994,78:792-822
2Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.Sinuous deep-water channels:Genesis,geometry and architecture[J].Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,24:341-387
3Schwab A M,Cronin B T,Ferreira H.Seismic expression of channel outcrops:Offset stacked versus amalgamated channel systems[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:504-514
4Popescu I,Lericolais G,Panin N,et al.Late Quaternary channel a-vulsions on the Danube deep-sea fan[J].Marine Geology,2001,179:25-37
5Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvial sinuouschannels-Characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:388-405
6姚根顺,袁圣强,吴时国,等.琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):685-691[Yao Gen-shun,Yuan Shengqiang,Wu Shiguo,et al.The double provenance supply depositional model and its exlporation prospect in the deepwater of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):685-691
7Yuan Shengqiang,Yao Genshun,Lv Fuliang,et al.Feartures of Late Cenozoic Deepwater Sedimentation in Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northwestern South China Sea[J].Journal of Earth Science,2009,20(1):172-179
8Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsidence along the northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dy-namic topography[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(7):745-765
9袁玉松,杨树春,胡圣标,等.琼东南盆地构造沉降及其主控因素[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):376-383[Yuan Yusong,Yang Shuchun,Hu Shengbiao,et al.Tectonic subsidence of Qiongdongnan Basin and its main control factors[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics.2008,51(2):376-383]
10Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns in some major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:450-469
11Yuan S Q,Lv F L,Wu S G,et al.Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiong-dongnan deep sea channel,Northwestern South China Sea[J].Chi-nese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,54(2):250-259
12林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥,等.莺-琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景[J].科学通报,2001,46(1):69-72[Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Cai Shixiang,et al.The large scale incision valley,seafloor gravity flow system and its develop setting in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(1):69-72]
13陶维祥,何仕斌,赵志刚,等.琼东南盆地深水区储层分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):554-559[Tao Weixiang,He Shibin,Zhao Zhigang,et al.Reservoir distribution in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Bain[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):554-559]
14彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.从浅水陆架走向深水陆坡—南海深水扇系统的研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(01):1-11[Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,et al.From shallow-water shelf to deep-water slope:the research of deep-water fan systems in SouthChina Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(1):1-11]
15彭大钧,庞雄,陈长民,等.南海深水扇系统的形成特征与控制因素[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):10-18[Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,et al.The characteristics and controlling factors for the formation of deep-water fan system in South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):10-18]
16高振中,何幼斌,张兴阳,等.塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):400-407[Gao Zhenzhong,He Youbin,Zhang Xingyang,et al.Internal wave and internal-tide de-posits of the Middle Upper Ordovician in the Central Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(3):400-407]
17Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbi-dite systems[C]∥Weimer P,Link M H,eds.Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems[M]:New York,Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106
18Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of Deep-water Settings[M].AAPG Studies in Geology57,AAPG/Datapages Discovery Series8,2007:171-248
19Damuth J E,Kolla,Flood V R D,et al.Distributary channel mean-dering and bifurcation patterns on Amazon deep-sea fan as revealed by long-range side-scan sonar(GLORIA)[J].Geology,1983,11:94-98
20Navarre J-C,Claude D,Librelle E,et al.Deepwater turbidite system analysis,West Africa:Sedimentary model and implications for reser-voir model construction[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21:1132-1139
21Abreu V,Sullivan M,Pirmez C,et al.Lateral accretion packages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep water sinuous chan-nels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:631-648
22Richards M,Bowman M.Submarine fans and related depositional sys-tems II:variability in reservoir architecture and wireline log character[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1998,15:821-839
23Peakall J,McCaffrey W D,Kneller B.A process model for the evolu-tion,morphology and architecture of sinuous submarine channels[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70:434-448
24Posamentier H W,Meizarwin P,Wisman S,et al.Deep water depo-sitional systems-Ultradeep Makassar Strait,Indonesia[C]∥Weimer P,Slatt R.M,Coleman J L,Rosen N,et al.eds.Global deep-water reservoirs.Gulf Coast Section SEPM Foundation20th Annual Bob F.Perkins Research Conference,2000:806-816
25Reading H G,Richards M.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,1994,78:792-822
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