光照、温度及盐度对卤虫(Artemia salina)耗氧率与排氨率的影响
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摘要
为了实现卤虫生产从捕捞到人工养殖的转变,环境因子对其代谢的影响亟待研究。文章围绕环境因子(不同光照、温度及盐度)对卤虫呼吸生理的影响展开研究,分别采用隔膜电极法、改良次溴酸盐氧化法测定养殖水体的溶解氧量和氨氮含量,计算得到卤虫的耗氧率(Oxygen consumption rate,OCR)及排氨率(Ammonia excretion rate,AER),分析光照、温度及盐度对卤虫代谢的影响。结果表明,卤虫的窒息点随着温度的升高而升高;有无光照对卤虫的耗氧率影响较大,卤虫的排氨率与光照强度成正相关关系;温度对卤虫耗氧率和排氨率影响的回归方程式分别为OCR=-0. 133 1x2+0. 964 5x-0. 190 4,R2=0. 918 5、AER=-4. 892 9x2+63. 007x+26. 3,R2=0. 995 8。盐度对卤虫的代谢无明显影响,可能与其具有良好的盐度适应性和极强的稳态调节能力相关。
In order to achieve the transition from catch to artificial aquaculture in Artemia production,it is necessary to study the effects of environmental factors on its metabolism. This study focused on the effects of environmental factorson the respiratory physiology of A. salina. Brine shrimps are arranged in different temperatures,salinities and illumination intensities. The dissolved oxygen contents and ammonia nitrogen contents were measured respectively by diaphragm electrode method and modified hypobromide oxidimetry method. The values of OCR and AER should be attain by calculating. They are used to analyse the effects of the metabolism on illumination,temperature and salinity in A. salina. The results showed that the asphyxiant point of A. salina increased with increasing temperature; the presence or absence of light have a greater effect on the OCR of A. salina; the AER of A. salina is positively correlating with the light intensity; The regression equations about effects of OCR and AER in A. salina on temperature are OCR =-0. 133 1 x2+ 0. 964 5 x-0. 190 4,R2= 0. 918 5,AER =-4. 892 9 x2+ 63. 007 x + 26. 3,R2= 0. 995 8. The salinity have no prominent influence to metabolism in A. salina,which is maybe related to the better salinity adaptation and the stronger osmoregulation.
In order to achieve the transition from catch to artificial aquaculture in Artemia production,it is necessary to study the effects of environmental factors on its metabolism. This study focused on the effects of environmental factorson the respiratory physiology of A. salina. Brine shrimps are arranged in different temperatures,salinities and illumination intensities. The dissolved oxygen contents and ammonia nitrogen contents were measured respectively by diaphragm electrode method and modified hypobromide oxidimetry method. The values of OCR and AER should be attain by calculating. They are used to analyse the effects of the metabolism on illumination,temperature and salinity in A. salina. The results showed that the asphyxiant point of A. salina increased with increasing temperature; the presence or absence of light have a greater effect on the OCR of A. salina; the AER of A. salina is positively correlating with the light intensity; The regression equations about effects of OCR and AER in A. salina on temperature are OCR =-0. 133 1 x2+ 0. 964 5 x-0. 190 4,R2= 0. 918 5,AER =-4. 892 9 x2+ 63. 007 x + 26. 3,R2= 0. 995 8. The salinity have no prominent influence to metabolism in A. salina,which is maybe related to the better salinity adaptation and the stronger osmoregulation.
引文
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[4]刘凯,徐东坡,段金荣,等.体质量和水温对太湖秀丽白虾人工驯养子代耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(5):957-962.
[5]Barbieri E.,de Medeiros A M Z,Henriques M B. Oxygen con-sumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp(Farfante-penaeus paulensis)in culture:temperature effects[J]. Mar FreshwBehav Phy,2016,49(1):19-25.
[6]刘伟,王芳,钟大森,等.光色对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)稚虾耗氧率昼夜变化节律的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):27-31.
[7]Zebe E. Anaerobic metabolism in Upogebia pugettensis and Callia-nassa californiensis(Crustacea,Thalassinidea)[J]. Comp Bio-chem Phys B,1982,72(4):613-617.
[8]Taylor E W. Control and co-ordination of ventilation and circula-tion in crustaceans:responses to hypoxia and exercise[J]. J ExpBiol,1982,100(1):289-319.
[9]Aarset A V,Aunaas T. Effects of osmotic stress on oxygen consump-tion and ammonia excretion of the Arctic sympagic amphipod Gam-marus wilkitzkii[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser,1990:217-224.
[10]Chen J C,Lai S H. Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygenconsumption and ammonia-N excretion of juvenile Penaeus ja-ponicus Bate[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,1993,165(2):161-170.
[11]Freire C A,Rios L P,Giareta E P,et al. Oxygen consumption re-mains stable while ammonia excretion is reduced upon short timeexposure to high salinity in Macrobrachium acanthurus(Caridae:Palaemonidae),a recent freshwater colonizer[J]. Zoologia(Cu-ritiba),2017,34:1-9.
[12]Lardies M A,Munoz J L,Paschke K A,et al. Latitudinal varia-tion in the aerial/aquatic ratio of oxygen consumption of a supratid-al high rocky-shore crab[J]. Mar Ecol,2011,32(1):42-51.
[13]Frederich M,Sartoris F J,Arntz W E,et al. Haemolymph Mg2+regulation in decapod crustaceans:physiological correlates and eco-logical consequences in polar areas[J]. J Exp Biol,2000,203(8):1 383-1 393.
[14]Zhang C,Li F,Xiang J. Acute effects of cadmium and copper onsurvival,oxygen consumption,ammonia-N excretion,and metalaccumulation in juvenile Exopalaemon carinicauda[J]. Ecotox En-viron Saf,2014,104:209-214.
[15]刘中,石俊艳,丁茂昌,等.河蟹幼体不同发育期耗氧率和窒息点的测定[J].水产科技情报,1998,25(2):18-21.
[16]陈琴,黄景,王邕.罗氏沼虾仔虾耗氧率与窒息点的初步测定[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(1):33-35.
[17]Dutra F M,Forneck S C,Brazo C C,et al. Acute toxicity of am-monia to various life stages of the Amazon river prawn,Macrobrachi-um amazonicum,Heller,1862[J]. Aquaculture,2016,453:104-109.
[18]Carvalho P S M,Phan V N. Oxygen consumption and ammonia ex-cretion during the moulting cycle in the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroy-eri[J]. Comp Biochem Phys A,1998,119(3):839-844.
[19]Hervant F,Mathieu J,Messana G. Oxygen consumption and venti-lation in declining oxygen tension and posthypoxic recovery in epige-an and hypogean crustaceans[J]. J Crustacean Biol,1998,18(4):717-727.
[20]雷衍之.养殖水环境化学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006. 25-31.
[21]宋晶,李晓东,吴垠.温度、p H对海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta)主要消化酶活力的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(1):398-403.
[22]王芳,宋传民,丁森.光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1 028-1 032.
[23]黄旭雄,陈马康.光周期对卤虫摄食、生长和存活的影响[J].水产科技情报,2000,27(3):110-113.
[24]徐海龙,刘海映,林月娇.温度和盐度对口虾蛄呼吸的影响[J].水产科学,2008(9):443-446.
[25]Pillai B R,Diwan A D. Effects of acute salinity stress on oxygenconsumption and ammonia excretion rates of the marine shrimpMetapenaeus monoceros[J]. J Crustacean Biol,2002,22(1):45-52.
[2]许涛.运城盐湖生物资源现状及展望[J].盐业与化工(现《盐科学与化工》),2015,44(9):1-3.
[3]Lavens P,Sorgeloos P. The history,present status and prospects ofthe availability of Artemia cysts for aquaculture[J]. Aquaculture,2000,181(3):397-403.
[4]刘凯,徐东坡,段金荣,等.体质量和水温对太湖秀丽白虾人工驯养子代耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(5):957-962.
[5]Barbieri E.,de Medeiros A M Z,Henriques M B. Oxygen con-sumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp(Farfante-penaeus paulensis)in culture:temperature effects[J]. Mar FreshwBehav Phy,2016,49(1):19-25.
[6]刘伟,王芳,钟大森,等.光色对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)稚虾耗氧率昼夜变化节律的影响[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):27-31.
[7]Zebe E. Anaerobic metabolism in Upogebia pugettensis and Callia-nassa californiensis(Crustacea,Thalassinidea)[J]. Comp Bio-chem Phys B,1982,72(4):613-617.
[8]Taylor E W. Control and co-ordination of ventilation and circula-tion in crustaceans:responses to hypoxia and exercise[J]. J ExpBiol,1982,100(1):289-319.
[9]Aarset A V,Aunaas T. Effects of osmotic stress on oxygen consump-tion and ammonia excretion of the Arctic sympagic amphipod Gam-marus wilkitzkii[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser,1990:217-224.
[10]Chen J C,Lai S H. Effects of temperature and salinity on oxygenconsumption and ammonia-N excretion of juvenile Penaeus ja-ponicus Bate[J]. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol,1993,165(2):161-170.
[11]Freire C A,Rios L P,Giareta E P,et al. Oxygen consumption re-mains stable while ammonia excretion is reduced upon short timeexposure to high salinity in Macrobrachium acanthurus(Caridae:Palaemonidae),a recent freshwater colonizer[J]. Zoologia(Cu-ritiba),2017,34:1-9.
[12]Lardies M A,Munoz J L,Paschke K A,et al. Latitudinal varia-tion in the aerial/aquatic ratio of oxygen consumption of a supratid-al high rocky-shore crab[J]. Mar Ecol,2011,32(1):42-51.
[13]Frederich M,Sartoris F J,Arntz W E,et al. Haemolymph Mg2+regulation in decapod crustaceans:physiological correlates and eco-logical consequences in polar areas[J]. J Exp Biol,2000,203(8):1 383-1 393.
[14]Zhang C,Li F,Xiang J. Acute effects of cadmium and copper onsurvival,oxygen consumption,ammonia-N excretion,and metalaccumulation in juvenile Exopalaemon carinicauda[J]. Ecotox En-viron Saf,2014,104:209-214.
[15]刘中,石俊艳,丁茂昌,等.河蟹幼体不同发育期耗氧率和窒息点的测定[J].水产科技情报,1998,25(2):18-21.
[16]陈琴,黄景,王邕.罗氏沼虾仔虾耗氧率与窒息点的初步测定[J].湖北农学院学报,2002,22(1):33-35.
[17]Dutra F M,Forneck S C,Brazo C C,et al. Acute toxicity of am-monia to various life stages of the Amazon river prawn,Macrobrachi-um amazonicum,Heller,1862[J]. Aquaculture,2016,453:104-109.
[18]Carvalho P S M,Phan V N. Oxygen consumption and ammonia ex-cretion during the moulting cycle in the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroy-eri[J]. Comp Biochem Phys A,1998,119(3):839-844.
[19]Hervant F,Mathieu J,Messana G. Oxygen consumption and venti-lation in declining oxygen tension and posthypoxic recovery in epige-an and hypogean crustaceans[J]. J Crustacean Biol,1998,18(4):717-727.
[20]雷衍之.养殖水环境化学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006. 25-31.
[21]宋晶,李晓东,吴垠.温度、p H对海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta)主要消化酶活力的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(1):398-403.
[22]王芳,宋传民,丁森.光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1 028-1 032.
[23]黄旭雄,陈马康.光周期对卤虫摄食、生长和存活的影响[J].水产科技情报,2000,27(3):110-113.
[24]徐海龙,刘海映,林月娇.温度和盐度对口虾蛄呼吸的影响[J].水产科学,2008(9):443-446.
[25]Pillai B R,Diwan A D. Effects of acute salinity stress on oxygenconsumption and ammonia excretion rates of the marine shrimpMetapenaeus monoceros[J]. J Crustacean Biol,2002,22(1):45-52.