TiAl合金表面搪瓷基复合涂层与多弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层的抗热腐蚀行为对比研究
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摘要
以Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb合金为基体,采用多弧离子镀制备NiCrAlY涂层、喷涂-烧结法制备搪瓷基复合涂层,对比研究了2种涂层以及合金基体的热腐蚀行为。热腐蚀实验温度为850℃,选用饱和盐溶液溶质成分为75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl (质量分数),涂盐量为1.5～2.5 mg/cm~2。研究结果表明,合金基体完全不具备抗热腐蚀能力,表面形成的氧化膜疏松多孔,且极易剥落;NiCrAlY涂层表面生成的保护性Al_2O_3膜提高了合金的抗热腐蚀能力,然而涂层与基体间严重的互扩散及Al_2O_3膜与熔盐的碱性溶解使得NiCrAlY涂层逐渐失效,热腐蚀60 h即出现氧化膜的剥落;而搪瓷基复合涂层在熔盐环境中只发生了轻微的物理溶解,具有极高的热稳定性及较低的热腐蚀速率,有效地阻隔了腐蚀性离子的入侵,抗热腐蚀性能优异。
TiAl intermetallic alloys have attracted great attention for its potential application in preparing low pressure turbine blades in aircraft engine. However, its poor oxidation and corrosion resistance becomes a challenge at temperatures above 800 ℃, which leads to the developing of protective coatings. Enamel coating is considered as one of the candidates that match the TiAl alloy well, meanwhile provide corrosion protection. Enamel coating has many advantages such as high thermochemical stability, adjustable thermal expansion coefficient and simple preparation process. This study comparatively investigates hot corrosion behavior of the Ti-45 Al-2 Mn-2 Nb alloy, the traditional NiCrAlY coating and the enamel based composite coating in(75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl, mass fraction) melted salt. Results indicate that after 80 h of hot corrosion, the bare alloy has completely destroyed. For the NiCrAlY coating, it protects the underlying alloy well by forming a protective Al_2O_3 scale initially. However, serious interdiffusion between coating and substrate results in the degeneration of the coating as well as the scale. At the same time, the basic dissolution of Al2 O3 film accelerates corrosion. So obvious spallation takes place after 60 h corrosion. The enamel based composite coating shows excellent thermal stability and low corrosion rate. During the whole hot corrosion test, it still retains its original blue glazing color and luster. Furthermore, the enamel coating suppresses the inward diffusion of oxygen and corrosive ions into the alloy substrate, and thus, it protects the TiAl alloy well from corrosion of the molten(75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl,mass fraction) salt.
TiAl intermetallic alloys have attracted great attention for its potential application in preparing low pressure turbine blades in aircraft engine. However, its poor oxidation and corrosion resistance becomes a challenge at temperatures above 800 ℃, which leads to the developing of protective coatings. Enamel coating is considered as one of the candidates that match the TiAl alloy well, meanwhile provide corrosion protection. Enamel coating has many advantages such as high thermochemical stability, adjustable thermal expansion coefficient and simple preparation process. This study comparatively investigates hot corrosion behavior of the Ti-45 Al-2 Mn-2 Nb alloy, the traditional NiCrAlY coating and the enamel based composite coating in(75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl, mass fraction) melted salt. Results indicate that after 80 h of hot corrosion, the bare alloy has completely destroyed. For the NiCrAlY coating, it protects the underlying alloy well by forming a protective Al_2O_3 scale initially. However, serious interdiffusion between coating and substrate results in the degeneration of the coating as well as the scale. At the same time, the basic dissolution of Al2 O3 film accelerates corrosion. So obvious spallation takes place after 60 h corrosion. The enamel based composite coating shows excellent thermal stability and low corrosion rate. During the whole hot corrosion test, it still retains its original blue glazing color and luster. Furthermore, the enamel coating suppresses the inward diffusion of oxygen and corrosive ions into the alloy substrate, and thus, it protects the TiAl alloy well from corrosion of the molten(75%Na_2SO_4+25%NaCl,mass fraction) salt.
引文
[1]Kim Y W.Ordered intermetallic alloys,Part III:Gamma titanium aluminides[J].JOM,1994,46(7):30
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[10]Chu M S,Wu S K.The improvement of high temperature oxidation of Ti-50Al by sputtering Al film and subsequent interdiffusion treatment[J].Acta Mater.,2003,51:3109
[11]Xiong H P,Xie Y H,Mao W,et al.Improvement in the oxidation resistance of the TiAl-based alloy by liquid-phase siliconizing[J].Scr.Mater.,2003,49:1117
[12]Liang W,Zhao X G.Improving the oxidation resistance of TiAlbased alloy by siliconizing[J].Scr.Mater.,2001,44:1049
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[16]Zhang X J,Li Q,Zhao S Y,et al.Improvement in the oxidation resistance of a g-TiAl-based alloy by sol-gel derived Al2O3film[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2008,255:1860
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[18]Tang Z L,Wang F H,Wu W T.Effect of a sputtered TiAlCr coating on hot corrosion resistance of gamma-TiAl[J].Intermetallics,1999,7:1271
[19]Bacos M P,Thomas M,Raviart J L,et al.Influence of an oxidation protective coating upon hot corrosion and mechanical behaviour of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy[J].Intermetallics,2011,19:1120
[20]Bacos M P,Morel A,Naveos S,et al.The effect of long term exposure in oxidising and corroding environments on the tensile properties of two gamma-TiAl alloys[J].Intermetallics,2006,14:102
[21]Zhang K,Gao W,Liang Z.Molten salt vapour corrosion of Ti-AlAg intermetallics[J].Intermetallics,2004,12:539
[22]Feng M,Chen M H,Yu Z D,et al.Comparative study of thermal shock behavior of the arc ion plating NiCrAlY and the enamel based composite coatings[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2017,53:1636(丰敏,陈明辉,余中狄等.多弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层与搪瓷基复合涂层的抗热震行为对比研究[J].金属学报,2017,53:1636)
[23]Tang Z L,Wang F H.Effect of enamel coating on the oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance of TiAl intermatallics[A].Proceedings of the National Symposium on Surface and Interface Science and Engineering of Materials at 1998[C].Mount Huangshan:China Society of Metals,Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering,1998:108(唐兆麟,王福会.搪瓷涂层对TiAl金属间化合物抗氧化、热腐蚀性能的影响[A].'98全国材料表面与界面的科学与工程研讨会论文摘要集[C].黄山:中国金属学会,中国机械工程学会,1998:108)
[24]Xiong Y M,Zhu S L,Wang F H,et al.Effect of alloying elements and enamel coating on the oxidation behavior of Ti3Al[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2002,38(Suppl.1):626(熊玉明,朱圣龙,王福会等.合金元素及搪瓷涂层对Ti3Al系列合金抗氧化性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002,38(增刊):626)
[25]Chen M H,Zhu S L,Wang F H.Crystallization behavior of SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-CaO glass system at 1123-1273 K[J].J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,2010,93:3230
[26]Li T F.High Temperature Oxidation and Thermal Corrosion of Metals[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003:262(李铁藩.金属高温氧化和热腐蚀[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:262)
[27]Felix P.Deposition and Corrosion in Gas Turbines[M].London:Appl.Sci.Pub.,1972:331
[28]Shao G X.Enamel[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,1983:360(邵规贤.搪瓷学[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1983:360)
[29]Chen M H,Zhu S L,Wang F H.Strengthening mechanisms and fracture surface characteristics of silicate glass matrix composites with inclusion of alumina particles of different particle sizes[J].Physica,2013,413B:15
[30]Tatar C,?zdemir N.Investigation of thermal conductivity and microstructure of the a-Al2O3particulate reinforced aluminum composites(Al/Al2O3-MMC)by powder metallurgy method[J].Physica,2010,405B:896
[31]Xu Y K,Xu J.Ceramics particulate reinforced Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10bulk metallic glass composites[J].Scr.Mater.,2004,49:843
[32]Wei Y,Hu S B,Zhou Y F,et al.Preparation and hot corrosion resistance of composite enamel coatings on Cr25Ni20Si2 alloy[J].Trans.Mater.Heat Treat.,2009,30(1):174(魏燕,胡树兵,周永峰等.Cr25Ni20Si2合金表面复合搪瓷涂层的抗热腐蚀研究[J].材料热处理学报,2009,30(1):174)
[33]Schaeffer H A.Oxygen and silicon diffusion-controlled processes in vitreous silica[J].J.Non-Cryst.Solids,1980,38-39:545
[34]Schaeffer H A.Diffusion-controlled processes in glass forming melts[J].J.Non-Cryst.Solids,1984,67:19
[2]Kim K W.Gamma titanium aluminides:Their status and future[J].JOM,1995,47(7):39
[3]Appel F,Brossmann U,Christoph U,et al.Recent progress in the development of gamma titanium aluminide alloys[J].Adv.Eng.Mater.,2000,2:699
[4]Umakoshi Y,Yamaguchi M,Sakagami T,et al.Oxidation resistance of intermetallic compounds Al3Ti and TiAl[J].J.Mater.Sci.,1989,24:1599
[5]Maki K,Shioda M,Sayashi M,et al.Effect of silicon and niobium on oxidation resistance of TiAl intermetallics[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,1992,A153:591
[6]Yoshihara M,Kim Y W.Oxidation behavior of gamma alloys designed for high temperature applications[J].Intermetallics,2005,13:952
[7]Li W B.In situ preparation and high temperature corrosion behavior of glass-ceramic composite coating[D].Shenyang:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014(李文波.玻璃陶瓷复合涂层的原位制备方法及高温腐蚀行为研究[D].沈阳:中国科学院大学,2014)
[8]Chinese Materials Research Society.Chinese New Material Industry Development Report-Aerospace Materials Album[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006:121(中国材料研究学会.中国新材料产业发展报告--航空航天材料专辑[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006:121)
[9]Tang Z L,Niewolak L,Shemet V,et al.Development of oxidation resistant coatings for g-TiAl based alloys[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.,2002,A328:297
[10]Chu M S,Wu S K.The improvement of high temperature oxidation of Ti-50Al by sputtering Al film and subsequent interdiffusion treatment[J].Acta Mater.,2003,51:3109
[11]Xiong H P,Xie Y H,Mao W,et al.Improvement in the oxidation resistance of the TiAl-based alloy by liquid-phase siliconizing[J].Scr.Mater.,2003,49:1117
[12]Liang W,Zhao X G.Improving the oxidation resistance of TiAlbased alloy by siliconizing[J].Scr.Mater.,2001,44:1049
[13]Taniguchi S,Shibata T,Asanuma N,et al.Oxidation behavior of Ti Al coated with a fine-grain Co-30Cr-4Al film[J].Oxid.Met.,1993,39:457
[14]Tang Z L,Wang F H,Wu W T.Effect of MCrAIY overlay coatings on oxidation resistance of TiAl intermetallics[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,1998,99:248
[15]Tang Z L,Wang F H,Wu W T.The effects of several coatings on cyclic oxidation resistance of TiAl intermetallics[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.,1998,110:57
[16]Zhang X J,Li Q,Zhao S Y,et al.Improvement in the oxidation resistance of a g-TiAl-based alloy by sol-gel derived Al2O3film[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2008,255:1860
[17]Tang Z L,Wang F H,Wu W T.Hot-corrosion behavior of TiAlbase intermetallics in molten salts[J].Oxid.Met.,1999,51:235
[18]Tang Z L,Wang F H,Wu W T.Effect of a sputtered TiAlCr coating on hot corrosion resistance of gamma-TiAl[J].Intermetallics,1999,7:1271
[19]Bacos M P,Thomas M,Raviart J L,et al.Influence of an oxidation protective coating upon hot corrosion and mechanical behaviour of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy[J].Intermetallics,2011,19:1120
[20]Bacos M P,Morel A,Naveos S,et al.The effect of long term exposure in oxidising and corroding environments on the tensile properties of two gamma-TiAl alloys[J].Intermetallics,2006,14:102
[21]Zhang K,Gao W,Liang Z.Molten salt vapour corrosion of Ti-AlAg intermetallics[J].Intermetallics,2004,12:539
[22]Feng M,Chen M H,Yu Z D,et al.Comparative study of thermal shock behavior of the arc ion plating NiCrAlY and the enamel based composite coatings[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2017,53:1636(丰敏,陈明辉,余中狄等.多弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层与搪瓷基复合涂层的抗热震行为对比研究[J].金属学报,2017,53:1636)
[23]Tang Z L,Wang F H.Effect of enamel coating on the oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance of TiAl intermatallics[A].Proceedings of the National Symposium on Surface and Interface Science and Engineering of Materials at 1998[C].Mount Huangshan:China Society of Metals,Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering,1998:108(唐兆麟,王福会.搪瓷涂层对TiAl金属间化合物抗氧化、热腐蚀性能的影响[A].'98全国材料表面与界面的科学与工程研讨会论文摘要集[C].黄山:中国金属学会,中国机械工程学会,1998:108)
[24]Xiong Y M,Zhu S L,Wang F H,et al.Effect of alloying elements and enamel coating on the oxidation behavior of Ti3Al[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2002,38(Suppl.1):626(熊玉明,朱圣龙,王福会等.合金元素及搪瓷涂层对Ti3Al系列合金抗氧化性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002,38(增刊):626)
[25]Chen M H,Zhu S L,Wang F H.Crystallization behavior of SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-CaO glass system at 1123-1273 K[J].J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,2010,93:3230
[26]Li T F.High Temperature Oxidation and Thermal Corrosion of Metals[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003:262(李铁藩.金属高温氧化和热腐蚀[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:262)
[27]Felix P.Deposition and Corrosion in Gas Turbines[M].London:Appl.Sci.Pub.,1972:331
[28]Shao G X.Enamel[M].Beijing:China Light Industry Press,1983:360(邵规贤.搪瓷学[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1983:360)
[29]Chen M H,Zhu S L,Wang F H.Strengthening mechanisms and fracture surface characteristics of silicate glass matrix composites with inclusion of alumina particles of different particle sizes[J].Physica,2013,413B:15
[30]Tatar C,?zdemir N.Investigation of thermal conductivity and microstructure of the a-Al2O3particulate reinforced aluminum composites(Al/Al2O3-MMC)by powder metallurgy method[J].Physica,2010,405B:896
[31]Xu Y K,Xu J.Ceramics particulate reinforced Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10bulk metallic glass composites[J].Scr.Mater.,2004,49:843
[32]Wei Y,Hu S B,Zhou Y F,et al.Preparation and hot corrosion resistance of composite enamel coatings on Cr25Ni20Si2 alloy[J].Trans.Mater.Heat Treat.,2009,30(1):174(魏燕,胡树兵,周永峰等.Cr25Ni20Si2合金表面复合搪瓷涂层的抗热腐蚀研究[J].材料热处理学报,2009,30(1):174)
[33]Schaeffer H A.Oxygen and silicon diffusion-controlled processes in vitreous silica[J].J.Non-Cryst.Solids,1980,38-39:545
[34]Schaeffer H A.Diffusion-controlled processes in glass forming melts[J].J.Non-Cryst.Solids,1984,67:19