噻虫嗪对田间麦蚜种群防控效果与残留消减动态的关系
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摘要
为评价噻虫嗪在小麦生产上应用的安全性,本研究进行了21%噻虫嗪悬浮剂对田间麦蚜的防控试验,并测定了噻虫嗪在小麦植株及籽粒中的残留。结果表明:21%噻虫嗪SC 23.625 g/hm~2防治麦蚜效果最佳,药后3 d,对麦蚜相对防效可达到91.48%,其次为21%噻虫嗪SC 15.75 g/hm~2,药后3 d,相对防效可达到87.48%,且与噻虫嗪23.625 g/hm~2差异不显著。残留消解动态检测结果表明,在小麦抽穗期施用21%噻虫嗪SC 15.75 g/hm~2防治小麦蚜虫,在小麦植株中的半衰期为4.8 d,药后14 d消解92%,半衰期较短,消解速度较快。最终残留试验表明,21%噻虫嗪SC,用药量15.75～23.625 g/hm~2,小麦生长后期连续施药1～2次,最后一次用药后7、14、21 d采收的小麦籽粒中未检出噻虫嗪(<0.01 mg/kg)。建议用21%噻虫嗪SC防治小麦蚜虫,最高制剂用药量75 g/hm~2(有效成分15.75 g/hm~2),在小麦抽穗期施药一次,安全间隔期14 d。
To assess the safety of thiamethoxam in wheat, we designed the control effect experiment of 21% thiamethoxam 21% SC against wheat aphids in fields and detected the residue of thiamethoxam in wheat plants and the grains. The results showed that thiamethoxam 21% SC(23.625 g/hm~2) was the best, and its relative control effect was 91.48% at 3 d after spraying. The relative control effect of thiamethoxam 21% SC(15.75 g/hm~2) amounted to 87.48% at 3 d after spraying. The difference was not significant in the relative control effect between the two dosages of thiamethoxam(23.625 g/hm~2 and 15.75 g/hm~2). We investigated the residue dynamics of thiamethoxam 21% SC in wheat plants during heading period. The results showed that the decomposition half-life of thiamethoxam(15.75 g/hm~2) 21% SC was 4.8 d in wheat plants. Thiamethoxam was removed by 92% after 14 d. It had a short half-life and faster degradation speed. The results of residue experiments indicated that, when the dosage of thiamethoxam 21% SC ranged from 15.75 to 23.63 g/hm~2(continuous spraying 1-2 times at later growth stage of wheat), no thiamethoxam residues could be detected from wheat grains at 7, 14, 21 d after the last spraying(residues< 0.01 mg/kg). It was suggested that the highest dosage of thiamethoxam 21% SC for controlling wheat aphids was 75 g/hm~2(effective constituent: 15.75 g/hm~2) by spraying one time during heading stage, and the chemical safety interval period was 14 d.
To assess the safety of thiamethoxam in wheat, we designed the control effect experiment of 21% thiamethoxam 21% SC against wheat aphids in fields and detected the residue of thiamethoxam in wheat plants and the grains. The results showed that thiamethoxam 21% SC(23.625 g/hm~2) was the best, and its relative control effect was 91.48% at 3 d after spraying. The relative control effect of thiamethoxam 21% SC(15.75 g/hm~2) amounted to 87.48% at 3 d after spraying. The difference was not significant in the relative control effect between the two dosages of thiamethoxam(23.625 g/hm~2 and 15.75 g/hm~2). We investigated the residue dynamics of thiamethoxam 21% SC in wheat plants during heading period. The results showed that the decomposition half-life of thiamethoxam(15.75 g/hm~2) 21% SC was 4.8 d in wheat plants. Thiamethoxam was removed by 92% after 14 d. It had a short half-life and faster degradation speed. The results of residue experiments indicated that, when the dosage of thiamethoxam 21% SC ranged from 15.75 to 23.63 g/hm~2(continuous spraying 1-2 times at later growth stage of wheat), no thiamethoxam residues could be detected from wheat grains at 7, 14, 21 d after the last spraying(residues< 0.01 mg/kg). It was suggested that the highest dosage of thiamethoxam 21% SC for controlling wheat aphids was 75 g/hm~2(effective constituent: 15.75 g/hm~2) by spraying one time during heading stage, and the chemical safety interval period was 14 d.
引文
[1] 曹雅忠,尹姣,李克斌,等.小麦蚜虫不断猖獗原因及控制对策的探讨[J].植物保护,2006,32(5):72-75.
[2] 孙红炜,尚佑芬,赵玖华,等.不同药剂对麦蚜的防治作用及对麦田天敌昆虫的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(3):543-547.
[3] 夏玉荣,封超年,王正贵,等.小麦抽穗至灌浆期蚜虫防治技术研究[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(3):543-547.
[4] 王汉芳,季书琴,李向东,等.10.4%吡虫啉·烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病的防治效果[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(4):799-804.
[5] 韩巨才,刘慧平,徐建岗,等.山西麦长管蚜对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂抗药性研究[J].山西农业科学,1996,24(2):26-28.
[6] 潘文亮,党志红,高占林,等.几种蚜虫对吡虫啉的抗药性研究[J].农药学学报,2000,2(3):85-87.
[7] 魏岑,黄绍宁,范贤林,等.麦长管蚜的抗药性研究[J].昆虫学报,1988,31(2):148-156.
[8] 韩晓莉,高占林,党志红,等.不同地区麦长管蚜对氯代烟酰类杀虫剂的敏感性[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):157-160.
[9] 李亚萍,张云慧,朱勋,等.麦蚜对吡虫啉抗性的研究进展[C]//陈万权.绿色生态可持续发展与植物保护.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017:129-135.
[10] 郝瑞,黄文坤,刘崇俊,等.新型种衣剂防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病的研究[J].植物保护,2014,40(1):182-186.
[11] GREEN T, TOGHILL A, LEE R, et al. Thiamethoxam induced mouse liver tumors and their relevance to humans-part2: Species differences in response[J]. Toxicological Sciences,2005,86(1):48-55.
[12] 罗兰,李新杰,袁忠林.5种杀虫剂对小麦蚜虫的毒力测定及田间药效试验[J].农药,2014,53(10):756-758.
[13] OBANA H, OKIHASHI M, AKUTSU K, et al. Determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatog raphy mass spectrometry [J]. Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51: 2501-2505.
[14] 黄伟,李建中,王会利,等.噻虫嗪在马铃薯中的残留分析[J].环境化学,2010,29(5):970-973.
[15] 汤富彬,陈宗懋,罗逢健,等.HPLC法测定黄瓜和土壤中噻虫嗪的残留量[J].农药,2007,46(5):335-337.
[16] 宋超,李海平,刘万峰,等.高效液相色谱法检测烟草中噻虫嗪残留及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2014,16(4):477-482.
[17] SINGH S B, FOSTER G D, KHAN S U. Microwave-assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam imidacloprid and carbendazim residues in fresh and cooked vegetable samples [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(1): 105-109.
[18] CAMPBELL S, CHEN L L, YU J, et al. Adsorption and analysis of the insecticides thiamethoxam and indoxacarb in Hawaiian soils [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(13):5373-5376.
[19] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国国家标准GB2763-2014,食品中农药最大残留限量[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2014.
[20] 吴绪金,李萌,张军锋,等.小麦和土壤中噻虫嗪残留及消解动态分析[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(7):1010-1017.
[2] 孙红炜,尚佑芬,赵玖华,等.不同药剂对麦蚜的防治作用及对麦田天敌昆虫的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2007,27(3):543-547.
[3] 夏玉荣,封超年,王正贵,等.小麦抽穗至灌浆期蚜虫防治技术研究[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(3):543-547.
[4] 王汉芳,季书琴,李向东,等.10.4%吡虫啉·烯唑醇悬浮种衣剂对小麦蚜虫和纹枯病的防治效果[J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(4):799-804.
[5] 韩巨才,刘慧平,徐建岗,等.山西麦长管蚜对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂抗药性研究[J].山西农业科学,1996,24(2):26-28.
[6] 潘文亮,党志红,高占林,等.几种蚜虫对吡虫啉的抗药性研究[J].农药学学报,2000,2(3):85-87.
[7] 魏岑,黄绍宁,范贤林,等.麦长管蚜的抗药性研究[J].昆虫学报,1988,31(2):148-156.
[8] 韩晓莉,高占林,党志红,等.不同地区麦长管蚜对氯代烟酰类杀虫剂的敏感性[J].华北农学报,2007,22(5):157-160.
[9] 李亚萍,张云慧,朱勋,等.麦蚜对吡虫啉抗性的研究进展[C]//陈万权.绿色生态可持续发展与植物保护.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2017:129-135.
[10] 郝瑞,黄文坤,刘崇俊,等.新型种衣剂防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病的研究[J].植物保护,2014,40(1):182-186.
[11] GREEN T, TOGHILL A, LEE R, et al. Thiamethoxam induced mouse liver tumors and their relevance to humans-part2: Species differences in response[J]. Toxicological Sciences,2005,86(1):48-55.
[12] 罗兰,李新杰,袁忠林.5种杀虫剂对小麦蚜虫的毒力测定及田间药效试验[J].农药,2014,53(10):756-758.
[13] OBANA H, OKIHASHI M, AKUTSU K, et al. Determination of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatog raphy mass spectrometry [J]. Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51: 2501-2505.
[14] 黄伟,李建中,王会利,等.噻虫嗪在马铃薯中的残留分析[J].环境化学,2010,29(5):970-973.
[15] 汤富彬,陈宗懋,罗逢健,等.HPLC法测定黄瓜和土壤中噻虫嗪的残留量[J].农药,2007,46(5):335-337.
[16] 宋超,李海平,刘万峰,等.高效液相色谱法检测烟草中噻虫嗪残留及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2014,16(4):477-482.
[17] SINGH S B, FOSTER G D, KHAN S U. Microwave-assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam imidacloprid and carbendazim residues in fresh and cooked vegetable samples [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(1): 105-109.
[18] CAMPBELL S, CHEN L L, YU J, et al. Adsorption and analysis of the insecticides thiamethoxam and indoxacarb in Hawaiian soils [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(13):5373-5376.
[19] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国国家标准GB2763-2014,食品中农药最大残留限量[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2014.
[20] 吴绪金,李萌,张军锋,等.小麦和土壤中噻虫嗪残留及消解动态分析[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(7):1010-1017.