拉–压–剪应力下细砂岩和粗砂岩破裂过程声发射特性研究
|
摘要
利用TAW–2000KN压力机、TYJ–500KN压力机和SH–II声发射系统,对粗砂岩和细砂岩进行单轴压缩、巴西劈裂和变角剪切实验,对裂纹扩展过程中的力学特性和声学特征开展研究。实验结果表明:通过统计细砂岩和粗砂岩的单轴抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度可知,岩石抗压和抗拉强度比近似相等,抗剪强度比相差较大。细砂岩和粗砂岩剪切破坏过程声发射特征差异明显,剪应力作用下细砂岩声发射计数曲线变化规律为:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)(其中"–"表示区间),剪应力作用下粗砂岩声发射计数曲线变化规律为:(1)–I–II–III–(2);声发射能量特点为:细砂岩:呈现弯曲"厂"型,粗砂岩:呈现标准"S"型曲线,且峰前与应力–应变曲线变化规律完全一致。细砂岩和粗砂岩拉伸破坏过程声发射特征差异明显,拉应力作用下细砂岩声发射计数曲线变化规律为:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III,拉应力作用下粗砂岩声发射计数曲线变化规律为:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III;声发射能量特点为,细砂岩:由于局部失稳破坏存在,呈现复杂路径增长,粗砂岩:呈现直线趋势增长。从破坏角度分析,2种岩石区别在于,细砂岩破坏前发生声发射计数和能量的缓慢增长,破坏后出现一定的稳定期。粗砂岩加载前期,高计数信号和低计数信号交替出现,破坏前期和破坏阶段高计数信号和低计数信号混合稀疏出现。细砂岩和粗砂岩单轴压缩过程声发射特征区别较大,声发射计数特点为:细砂岩:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3),粗砂岩:(1)–I–II–(2)–(3);声发射能量特点为:细砂岩:呈现扁平型"S"曲线,粗砂岩:呈现明显"Z"型曲线。利用声发射RA值与平均频率关系能较好反映裂纹类型,拉伸破坏和剪切破坏均符合客观实际。单轴压缩破坏形态给予裂纹类型正反馈,说明应用声发射技术判断裂纹类型有效、可行。
The use of TAW–2000KN press,TYJ–500KN press and SH–II acoustic emission(AE) system,coarse sandstone and fine sandstone under uniaxial compression,Brazil splitting and variable angle shear experiment on crack propagation mechanics characteristics and AE in the process of research. The experiment results show that the tensile strength and shear strength of sandstone and coarse sandstone can be compared with that of the approximate equivalent shear strength ratio and the ratio of shear strength to shear strength is larger than that of the single axial compressive strength. The AE characteristics of the fine sandstone and the coarse sandstone are obviously different. The variation law of AE count curve of fine sandstone under the action of shear stress:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)(the mark express region by"-"),shear stress gritrock regularity of AE count curve:(1)–I–II–III–(2). The characteristics of AE energy characteristics are as follows,fine sandstone:present the bending"厂"type,coarse sandstone:present the bending"S"type. The curves of stress-strain curves are completely consistent. Fine sand and coarse sand rock tensile failure process of AE characteristic differences,The variation law of the AE count curve of fine sandstone under the action of tensile stress:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III,the action of tensile stress gritrock regularity of AE count curve:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III;AE energy features for fine sandstone:local instability damage exists,the complexity of the path curve growth,coarse sandstone:a linear trend growth. From the point of view of failure analysis,the difference between the two types of rock is that the sound emission count and the slow growth of energy before the destruction of fine sandstone,the occurrence of a certain period of stability after the destruction. Coarse sandstone loading period,high count signal and low count signal alternately,failure and failure early stage of high count signal and low count signal mixed sparse. Fine sandstone and coarse sandstone uniaxial compression process of AE characteristics of different AE count features,fine sand:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3),coarse sand:(1)–I–II–(2)–(3);AE energy features for fine sandstone:present the bending"S"type,coarse sand:present the bending"Z"type. The RA value of AE and the average frequency can reflect the type of crack,tensile failure and shear failure are in line with the objective reality. The uniaxial compression damage form given crack types of positive feedback,it is shown the application of AE technology to determine the crack type effective and feasible.
The use of TAW–2000KN press,TYJ–500KN press and SH–II acoustic emission(AE) system,coarse sandstone and fine sandstone under uniaxial compression,Brazil splitting and variable angle shear experiment on crack propagation mechanics characteristics and AE in the process of research. The experiment results show that the tensile strength and shear strength of sandstone and coarse sandstone can be compared with that of the approximate equivalent shear strength ratio and the ratio of shear strength to shear strength is larger than that of the single axial compressive strength. The AE characteristics of the fine sandstone and the coarse sandstone are obviously different. The variation law of AE count curve of fine sandstone under the action of shear stress:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)(the mark express region by"-"),shear stress gritrock regularity of AE count curve:(1)–I–II–III–(2). The characteristics of AE energy characteristics are as follows,fine sandstone:present the bending"厂"type,coarse sandstone:present the bending"S"type. The curves of stress-strain curves are completely consistent. Fine sand and coarse sand rock tensile failure process of AE characteristic differences,The variation law of the AE count curve of fine sandstone under the action of tensile stress:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III,the action of tensile stress gritrock regularity of AE count curve:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3)–III;AE energy features for fine sandstone:local instability damage exists,the complexity of the path curve growth,coarse sandstone:a linear trend growth. From the point of view of failure analysis,the difference between the two types of rock is that the sound emission count and the slow growth of energy before the destruction of fine sandstone,the occurrence of a certain period of stability after the destruction. Coarse sandstone loading period,high count signal and low count signal alternately,failure and failure early stage of high count signal and low count signal mixed sparse. Fine sandstone and coarse sandstone uniaxial compression process of AE characteristics of different AE count features,fine sand:(1)–I–(2)–II–(3),coarse sand:(1)–I–II–(2)–(3);AE energy features for fine sandstone:present the bending"S"type,coarse sand:present the bending"Z"type. The RA value of AE and the average frequency can reflect the type of crack,tensile failure and shear failure are in line with the objective reality. The uniaxial compression damage form given crack types of positive feedback,it is shown the application of AE technology to determine the crack type effective and feasible.
引文
[1]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨.岩石变形破坏过程中的能量耗散分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(XIE Heping,PENG Ruidong,JU Yang.Energy dissipation of rock deformation and fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 565–3 570.(in Chinese))
[2]窦庆峰,岳顺,代高飞,等.岩石直接拉伸试验与劈裂试验的对比研究[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):178–181.(DOU Qingfeng,YUE Shun,DAI Gaofei,et al.Comparative study on direct tension test and splitting test[J].Underground Space,2004,24(2):178–181.(in Chinese))
[3]李果,艾婷,于斌,等.不同岩性巴西劈裂试验的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):870–881.(LI Guo,AI Ting,YU Bin,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of different lithologies under Brazilian splitting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):870–881.(in Chinese))
[4]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.直接拉伸、劈裂及单轴压缩试验下岩石的声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):137–142.(YU Xianbin,XIE Qiang,LI Xinyi,et al.Acoustic emission of rocks under direct tension,brazilian and uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):137–142.(in Chinese))
[5]罗鹏辉,余贤斌,邓琦.岩石劈裂实验声发射的特性研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2010,62(2):44–48.(LUO Penghui,YU Xianbin,DENG Qi.Acoustic emission study of rocks under brizilian test[J].Non-ferrous metals(mining section),2010,62(2):44–48.(in Chinese))
[6]XIE H P,LIU J F,JU Y,et al.Fractal property of spatial distribution of acoustic emissions during the failure process of bedded rock salt[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(8):1 344–1 351.
[7]KHAZAEI C,HAZZARD J,CHALATURNYK R.Damage quantification of intact rocks using acoustic emission energies recorded during uniaxial compression test and discrete element modeling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2015,67:94–102.
[8]LIU J P,LI Y H,XU S D,et al.Moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission for cracking mechanisms in rock with a pre-cut circular hole under uniaxial compression[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2015,135(6):206–218.
[9]LIU J P,LI Y H,XU S D,et al.Cracking mechanisms in granite rocks subjected to uniaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2014,75(6):1–5.
[10]BEHNIA A,CHAI H K,SHIOTANI T.Advanced structural health monitoring of concrete structures with the aid of acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,65(65):282–302.
[11]李天一,刘建锋,陈亮,等.拉伸应力状态下花岗岩声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 215–3 221.(LI Tianyi,LIU Jianfeng,CHEN Liang,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under tensile loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3 215–3 221.(in Chinese))
[12]张泽天,刘建锋,王璐,等.煤的直接拉伸力学特性及声发射特征试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):960–965.(ZHANG Zetian,LIU Jianfeng,WANG Lu,et al.Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of coal under direct tensile loading conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):960–965.(in Chinese))
[13]陈亮,刘建锋,王春萍,等.北山深部花岗岩不同应力状态下声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 618–3 624.(CHEN Liang,LIU Jianfeng,WANG Chunping,et al.Study of acoustic emission characteristics of beishan deep granite under different stress conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 618–3 624.(in Chinese))
[14]许江,刘义鑫,刘婧,等.双面剪切荷载作用下岩石断裂过程声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2 659–2 664.(XU Jiang,LIU Yixin,LIU Jing,et al.Study of characteristics of rock acoustic emission fracture process of double shear loading effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):2 659–2 664.(in Chinese))
[15]王煜曦,王金安,唐君.断裂岩石在蠕剪过程中的声发射特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2 948–2 958.(WANG Yuxi,WANG Jinan,TANG Jun.Acoustic emission characteristics of fractured rocks during creep shear[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):2 948–2 958.(in Chinese))
[16]刘建坡,刘召胜,王少泉,等.岩石张拉及剪切破裂声发射震源机制分析[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(11):1 624–1 628.(LIU Jianpo,LIU Zhaosheng,WANG Shaoquan,et al.Analysis of acoustic emission source mechanisms for tensile and shear cracks of rock fractures[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2015,36(11):1 624–1 628.(in Chinese))
[17]周子龙,李国楠,宁树理,等.侧向扰动下高应力岩石的声发射特性与破坏机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1 720–1 728.(ZHOU Zilong,LI Guonan,NING Shuli,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mechanism of high-stressed rocks under lateral disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1 720–1 728.(in Chinese))
[18]杨永杰,王德超,郭明福,等.基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):98–104.(YANG Yongjie,WANG Dechao,GUO Mingfu,et al.Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):98–104.(in Chinese))
[19]许江,刘义鑫,吴慧,等.剪切荷载条件下岩石细观破坏及声发射特性研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(1):12–16.(XU Jiang,LIU Yixin,WU Hui,et al.Research on microscopic failure and acoustic emission characteristics of rock under shear load[J].Mining Safety and Environment Protection,2013,40(1):12–16.(in Chinese))
[20]范雷,周火明,熊诗湖.现场岩体直剪试验声发射特征及其破坏机制[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(8):29–38.(FAN Lei,ZHOU Huoming,XIONG Shihu.Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mechanism of rock mass in field shear test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(8):29–38.(in Chinese))
[21]肖福坤,刘刚,申志亮.桃山90#煤层有效弹性能量释放速度研究,2015,34(增2):4 216–4 225.(XIAO Fukun,LIU Gang,SHEN Zhiliang.Research on effective elastic energy release rate of taoshan#90 coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.2):4 216–4 225.(in Chinese))
[22]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.1—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第1部分:采样一般规定[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.1—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the first part:General rules for sampling[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[23]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.7—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第7部分:单轴抗压强度测定及软化系数计算方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.7—2009Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the seventh part:The determination of uniaxial compressive strength and the calculation method of softening coefficient[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[24]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.10—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第10部分:煤和岩石抗拉强度测定方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.10—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the tenth part:Determination of tensile strength of coal and rock[S].Beijing:People's Republic of China State Administration of quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[25]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.11—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第11部分:煤和岩石抗剪强度测定方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.11—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,The eleventh part:Determination of shear strength of coal and rock[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]窦庆峰,岳顺,代高飞,等.岩石直接拉伸试验与劈裂试验的对比研究[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):178–181.(DOU Qingfeng,YUE Shun,DAI Gaofei,et al.Comparative study on direct tension test and splitting test[J].Underground Space,2004,24(2):178–181.(in Chinese))
[3]李果,艾婷,于斌,等.不同岩性巴西劈裂试验的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(4):870–881.(LI Guo,AI Ting,YU Bin,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of different lithologies under Brazilian splitting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(4):870–881.(in Chinese))
[4]余贤斌,谢强,李心一,等.直接拉伸、劈裂及单轴压缩试验下岩石的声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):137–142.(YU Xianbin,XIE Qiang,LI Xinyi,et al.Acoustic emission of rocks under direct tension,brazilian and uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):137–142.(in Chinese))
[5]罗鹏辉,余贤斌,邓琦.岩石劈裂实验声发射的特性研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2010,62(2):44–48.(LUO Penghui,YU Xianbin,DENG Qi.Acoustic emission study of rocks under brizilian test[J].Non-ferrous metals(mining section),2010,62(2):44–48.(in Chinese))
[6]XIE H P,LIU J F,JU Y,et al.Fractal property of spatial distribution of acoustic emissions during the failure process of bedded rock salt[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(8):1 344–1 351.
[7]KHAZAEI C,HAZZARD J,CHALATURNYK R.Damage quantification of intact rocks using acoustic emission energies recorded during uniaxial compression test and discrete element modeling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2015,67:94–102.
[8]LIU J P,LI Y H,XU S D,et al.Moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission for cracking mechanisms in rock with a pre-cut circular hole under uniaxial compression[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2015,135(6):206–218.
[9]LIU J P,LI Y H,XU S D,et al.Cracking mechanisms in granite rocks subjected to uniaxial compression by moment tensor analysis of acoustic emission[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2014,75(6):1–5.
[10]BEHNIA A,CHAI H K,SHIOTANI T.Advanced structural health monitoring of concrete structures with the aid of acoustic emission[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,65(65):282–302.
[11]李天一,刘建锋,陈亮,等.拉伸应力状态下花岗岩声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3 215–3 221.(LI Tianyi,LIU Jianfeng,CHEN Liang,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under tensile loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3 215–3 221.(in Chinese))
[12]张泽天,刘建锋,王璐,等.煤的直接拉伸力学特性及声发射特征试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(6):960–965.(ZHANG Zetian,LIU Jianfeng,WANG Lu,et al.Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of coal under direct tensile loading conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(6):960–965.(in Chinese))
[13]陈亮,刘建锋,王春萍,等.北山深部花岗岩不同应力状态下声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增2):3 618–3 624.(CHEN Liang,LIU Jianfeng,WANG Chunping,et al.Study of acoustic emission characteristics of beishan deep granite under different stress conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Supp.2):3 618–3 624.(in Chinese))
[14]许江,刘义鑫,刘婧,等.双面剪切荷载作用下岩石断裂过程声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2 659–2 664.(XU Jiang,LIU Yixin,LIU Jing,et al.Study of characteristics of rock acoustic emission fracture process of double shear loading effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):2 659–2 664.(in Chinese))
[15]王煜曦,王金安,唐君.断裂岩石在蠕剪过程中的声发射特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增1):2 948–2 958.(WANG Yuxi,WANG Jinan,TANG Jun.Acoustic emission characteristics of fractured rocks during creep shear[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):2 948–2 958.(in Chinese))
[16]刘建坡,刘召胜,王少泉,等.岩石张拉及剪切破裂声发射震源机制分析[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(11):1 624–1 628.(LIU Jianpo,LIU Zhaosheng,WANG Shaoquan,et al.Analysis of acoustic emission source mechanisms for tensile and shear cracks of rock fractures[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2015,36(11):1 624–1 628.(in Chinese))
[17]周子龙,李国楠,宁树理,等.侧向扰动下高应力岩石的声发射特性与破坏机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(8):1 720–1 728.(ZHOU Zilong,LI Guonan,NING Shuli,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mechanism of high-stressed rocks under lateral disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(8):1 720–1 728.(in Chinese))
[18]杨永杰,王德超,郭明福,等.基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):98–104.(YANG Yongjie,WANG Dechao,GUO Mingfu,et al.Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):98–104.(in Chinese))
[19]许江,刘义鑫,吴慧,等.剪切荷载条件下岩石细观破坏及声发射特性研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2013,40(1):12–16.(XU Jiang,LIU Yixin,WU Hui,et al.Research on microscopic failure and acoustic emission characteristics of rock under shear load[J].Mining Safety and Environment Protection,2013,40(1):12–16.(in Chinese))
[20]范雷,周火明,熊诗湖.现场岩体直剪试验声发射特征及其破坏机制[J].长江科学院院报,2012,29(8):29–38.(FAN Lei,ZHOU Huoming,XIONG Shihu.Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mechanism of rock mass in field shear test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2012,29(8):29–38.(in Chinese))
[21]肖福坤,刘刚,申志亮.桃山90#煤层有效弹性能量释放速度研究,2015,34(增2):4 216–4 225.(XIAO Fukun,LIU Gang,SHEN Zhiliang.Research on effective elastic energy release rate of taoshan#90 coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.2):4 216–4 225.(in Chinese))
[22]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.1—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第1部分:采样一般规定[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.1—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the first part:General rules for sampling[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[23]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.7—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第7部分:单轴抗压强度测定及软化系数计算方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.7—2009Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the seventh part:The determination of uniaxial compressive strength and the calculation method of softening coefficient[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[24]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.10—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第10部分:煤和岩石抗拉强度测定方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.10—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,the tenth part:Determination of tensile strength of coal and rock[S].Beijing:People's Republic of China State Administration of quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))
[25]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院和煤炭科学研究总院检测研究分院起草.GB/T 23561.11—2009煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法,第11部分:煤和岩石抗剪强度测定方法[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会发布,2009.(Coal Science Research Institute of Mining Design and Research Institute of Coal Science Research Institute Research Institute of drafting detection.GB/T 23561.11—2009 Methods for determination of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rocks,The eleventh part:Determination of shear strength of coal and rock[S].Beijing:People?s Republic of China State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine and China National Standardization Management Committee Issued,2009.(in Chinese))