考虑零件变形的自动武器闭锁片偏移式闭锁机构弹底间隙分析
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摘要
弹底间隙是自动武器总装中典型的装配要求,直接影响到武器性能和安全。为研究实际工况下的自动武器弹底间隙,提出基于有限元分析的零件装配变形计算方法,建立了考虑变形的自动武器装配公差分析模型。针对某闭锁片偏移式机枪弹底间隙问题,建立了闭锁机构零件变形分析模型,分析了考虑温度引起变形下的弹底间隙变化,研究了不同温度对弹底间隙的影响,复进到位撞击引起的变形对弹底间隙的影响,以及发射过程中零件变形的影响。结果表明:考虑枪管弹膛温度引起的零件变形时,随着温度升高,弹底间隙分布中心发生明显偏移,分布范围收缩,弹膛温度在300~600℃时弹底间隙最大减小0.015 mm;考虑复进到位撞击引起变形时,弹底间隙增大0.02 mm;发射过程中闭锁机构零件弹性变形量为0.14 mm,考虑发射过程变形影响,当最大闭锁间隙为0.38~0.47 mm时弹壳不会发生横断,当最大闭锁间隙为0.47~0.48 mm时弹壳会发生横断。
Headspace is a typical assembly requirement in automatic weapon assembly,which directly affects the performance and safety of automatic weapon. To research the headspace under actual working condition,a calculation method of part deformation based on finite element analysis is put forward,and an analysis model of assembly tolerance considering deformation is established. For the assembly accuracy of machine gun with locking lug shifting,an analysis model for locking mechanism is established,the assembly precision change of headspace in considering deformation caused by temperature is analyzed,and the influence of temperature on headspace is studied. The influence of deformation on headspace in counter-recoil and the influence of part deformation during the launching process are investigated. The results show that the distribution center of headspace is obviously offset,and the distribution range contracts with the increase in temperature after considering the deformation induced by temperature. The headspace is decreased by 0. 015 mm in considering deformation at barrel chamber temperature of 300 ~ 600 ℃.Considering the deformation caused by the impact in counter-recoil,the headspace is increased by0. 02 mm. Elastic deformation of parts is 0. 14 mm during the launch process. The transverse fracture of cartridge case will not happen when headspace is between 0. 38 ~ 0. 47 mm,but,will occur when headspace is 0. 47 ~ 0. 48 mm.
Headspace is a typical assembly requirement in automatic weapon assembly,which directly affects the performance and safety of automatic weapon. To research the headspace under actual working condition,a calculation method of part deformation based on finite element analysis is put forward,and an analysis model of assembly tolerance considering deformation is established. For the assembly accuracy of machine gun with locking lug shifting,an analysis model for locking mechanism is established,the assembly precision change of headspace in considering deformation caused by temperature is analyzed,and the influence of temperature on headspace is studied. The influence of deformation on headspace in counter-recoil and the influence of part deformation during the launching process are investigated. The results show that the distribution center of headspace is obviously offset,and the distribution range contracts with the increase in temperature after considering the deformation induced by temperature. The headspace is decreased by 0. 015 mm in considering deformation at barrel chamber temperature of 300 ~ 600 ℃.Considering the deformation caused by the impact in counter-recoil,the headspace is increased by0. 02 mm. Elastic deformation of parts is 0. 14 mm during the launch process. The transverse fracture of cartridge case will not happen when headspace is between 0. 38 ~ 0. 47 mm,but,will occur when headspace is 0. 47 ~ 0. 48 mm.
引文
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[2]Samper S,Giordano M.Taking into account elastic displacements in 3D tolerancing models and application[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1998,78(1/2/3):156-162.
[3]Samper S,Giordano M.Simultaneous analysis method for tolerancing flexible mechanisms[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th CIRP International Seminar on Computer Aided Tolerancing.Cachan,France:CIRP,2001:75-82.
[4]Samper S,Adragna P A,Favreliere H,et al.Modeling of 2D and3D assemblies taking into account form errors of plane surfaces[J].Journal of Computing&Information Science in Engineering,2010,9(4):790-792.
[5]Samper S,Petit J P,Giordano M.Elastic clearance domain and use rate concept applications to ball bearings and gears[M]∥Davidson J K.Models for Computer Aided Tolerancing in Design and Manufacturing.Dordrecht,Netherlands:Springer,2007:331-340.
[6]Grandjean J,Ledoux Y,Samper S.On the role of form defects in assemblies subject to local deformations and mechanical loads[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2013,65(9/10/11/12):1769-1778.
[7]Cid G,Thiébaut F,Bourdet P.Taking the deformation into account for components'tolerancing[C]∥5th Conference on Integrated Design on Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering.Bath,UK:IEEE,2004.
[8]Cid G,Thiébaut F,Bourdet P,et al.Geometrical study of assembly behaviour,taking into accounts rigid components’deviations,actual geometric variations and deformations[M]∥Davidson J K.Models for Computer Aided Tolerancing in Design and Manufacturing.Dordrecht,Netherlands:Springer,2007:301-310.
[9]张为民,陈灿,李鹏忠,等.基于雅可比旋量法的实际工况公差建模[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(1):77-83.ZHANG Wei-min,CHEN Can,LI Peng-zhong,et al.Tolerance modeling in actual working condition based on Jacobian-Torsor theory[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(1):77-83.(in Chinese)
[10]程彬彬,黄美发,王志越,等.基于实际工况的装配体公差建模方法研究[J].机床与液压,2016,44(7):116-120.CHENG Bin-bin,HUANG Mei-fa,WANG Zhi-yue,et al.Research of assembly tolerance modeling method based on actual working condition[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2016,44(7):116-120.(in Chinese)
[11]冯?,洪军,郭俊康,等.基于新一代产品几何技术规范的工作载荷下公差建模[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(7):1500-1508.FENG Yan,HONG Jun,GUO Jun-kang,et al.Tolerance modeling of working load based on geometrical product specifications[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(7):1501-1508.(in Chinese)
[12]Guo J K,Hong J,Wang Y,et al.An ideal mating surface method used for tolerance analysis of mechanical system under loading[J].Procedia CIRP,2013,10(12):306-311.
[13]刘建永,乔立红.一种考虑零件变形的装配误差计算方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2015,21(1):94-100.LIU Jian-yong,QIAO Li-hong.Calculation method for assembly error with consideration of part deformation[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2015,21(1):94-100.(in Chinese)
[14]黄贺福,杨志宏,李娜,等.基于修正矩阵的刚柔混合模型公差分析方法[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2017(7):5-8.HUANG He-fu,YANG Zhi-hong,LI Na,et al.A unified tolerance analysis method based on modified matrix for rigid-compliant hybrid model[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2017(7):5-8.(in Chinese)
[15]Bourdet P,Mathieu L,Lartigue C,et al.The concept of the small displacement torsor in metrology[J].Advanced Mathematical Tools in MetrologyⅡSeries on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences,1996,40:110-122.
[16]Lu C,Fuh J Y H,Wong Y S.Evaluation of product assemblability in different assembly sequences using the tolerancing approach[J].International Journal of Production Research,2006,44(23):5037-5063.