高速侵彻弹体表层侵蚀效应理论计算
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摘要
高速侵彻混凝土过程中,弹体的侵蚀效应随着撞击速度的提高而愈发显著。基于弹体表层材料热塑性失效机理,分析确定了高速侵彻过程弹体与靶体间摩擦效应和弹体材料塑性应变效应引起的温升。结合弹靶间局部作用情况,根据热传导方程和塑性功转热公式,利用Johnson-Cook本构方程,计算了弹体表层内两种效应引起的温度分布情况。利用临界温度判据,通过差分迭代法,计算得到了弹体表层材料失效厚度,分析不同工况下弹体高速侵蚀侵彻过程,得到了弹体轮廓演化情况,并与已有试验结果进行对比,验证了该模型的正确性。
The surface abrasion effect of a projectile becomes significant with increase in impact velocity during its penetrating with high speed into a concrete target. Based on the thermoplastic failure mechanism of projectile material,the friction effect between the projectile and the target in high speed penetration process and the temperature rise due to the plastic strain effect of projectile material were analyzed and determined. Combining the local action between the projectile and the target,according to heat transfer equations and the formula converting plastic work into heat,and adopting Johnson-Cook constitution equation,the temperature distribution on the projectile surface due to these two effects was calculated. Utilizing the critical temperature criterion and the difference iteration method,the failure thickness of the projectile surface's material was calculated,and the projectile 's penetration and abrasion processes under different conditions were analyzed,the projectile 's contour evolution was obtained. The theoretical calculation results were compared with those of the existing tests,the correctness of the proposed theory and method was verified.
The surface abrasion effect of a projectile becomes significant with increase in impact velocity during its penetrating with high speed into a concrete target. Based on the thermoplastic failure mechanism of projectile material,the friction effect between the projectile and the target in high speed penetration process and the temperature rise due to the plastic strain effect of projectile material were analyzed and determined. Combining the local action between the projectile and the target,according to heat transfer equations and the formula converting plastic work into heat,and adopting Johnson-Cook constitution equation,the temperature distribution on the projectile surface due to these two effects was calculated. Utilizing the critical temperature criterion and the difference iteration method,the failure thickness of the projectile surface's material was calculated,and the projectile 's penetration and abrasion processes under different conditions were analyzed,the projectile 's contour evolution was obtained. The theoretical calculation results were compared with those of the existing tests,the correctness of the proposed theory and method was verified.
引文
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[8]GUO L,HE Y,ZHANG X F,et al.Study mass loss at microscopic scale for a projectile penetration into concrete[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,72(10):17-25.
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[11]DAVIS R N.Modeling of high-speed friction using multi-step incrementation of the coefficient of sliding friction[C]∥Proceedings of the AIAA 54th Annual Southeastern Regional Student Conference.Kill Devil Hills:AIAA,2003.
[12]DAVIS R N,JONES S E,HUGHES M L.High-speed penetration of concrete using a new analytical model of velocity-dependent friction[C]∥ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2003.
[13]DAVIS R N,NEELY A M,JONES S E.Mass loss and blunting during high-speed penetration[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2004,218(9):1053-1062.
[14]陈小伟,杨世全,何丽灵.动能侵彻弹体的质量侵蚀模型分析[J].力学学报,2009,41(3):739-747.CHEN Xiaowei,YANG Shiquan,HE Liling.Modeling on mass abrasion of kinetic energy penetrator[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(3):739-747.
[15]HE L L,CHEN X W,HE X.Parametric study on mass loss of penetrators[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2010,26(4):585-597.
[16]SILLING S A,FORREATAL M J.Mass loss from abrasion on ogival-nose steel projectile that penetrate concrete targets[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,34(11):1814-1820.
[17]HE L L,CHEN X W.Analyses of the penetration process considering mass loss[J].European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids,2011,30(2):145-157.
[18]HE L L,CHEN X W,XIA Y M.Representation of nose blunting of projectile into concrete target and two reduction suggestions[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,74:132-144.
[19]何丽灵,陈小伟.高速侵彻混凝土弹体的形状演化模拟[J].力学学报,2011,43(4):707-715.HE Liling,CHEN Xiaowei.Simulation of variation of projectile nose during high-speed penetration into concrete[J].Chinses Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2011,43(4):707-715.
[20]CHEN X W,LI Q M.Transition from nondeformable projectile penetration to semihydrodynamic penetration[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2004,130(1):123-127.
[21]OXLEY P L B,HASTINGS W F.Predicting the strain rate in the zone of intense shear in which the chip is formed in machining from the dynamic flow stress properties of the work material and the cutting conditions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.A,1977,356(1686):395-410.
[22]TOUNSI N,VINCENTI J,OTHO A,et al.From the basic mechanics of orthogonal metal cutting toward the identification of the constitutive equation[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2002,42(12):1373-1383.
[23]SHI B,ATTIA H,TOUNSI N.Identification of material constitutive laws for machining—Part I:an analytical model describing the stress,strain,strain rate,and temperature fields in the primary shear zone in orthogonal metal cutting[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2010,132(5):051008.
[24]JOHNSON G R,COOK W H.A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains,high strain rates and high temperatures[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics.Hague:ISB,1983.
[25]MEDYANIK S N,LIU W K,LI S.On criteria for dynamic adiabatic shear band propagation[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2007,55(7):1439-1461.
[26]KLEPACZKO J R.Surface layer thermodynamics of steel penetrators at high and very high sliding velocities:AFRL MN-EG-TR—2001-7076[R].Florida:Florida University Shalimar Graduate Engineering and Research Center,2001.
[27]ZHAO J,CHEN X W,JIN F N,et al.Depth of penetration of high-speed penetrator with including the effect of mass abrasion[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2010,37(9):971-979.
[2]FREW D J,HANCHAK S J,GREEN M L,et al.Penetration of concrete targets with ogive-nose steel rods[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1998,21(6):489-497.
[3]FREW D J,FORRESTAL M J,CARGILE J D.The effect of concrete target diameter on projectile deceleration and penetration depth[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006,32(10):1584-1594.
[4]杨建超,左新建,何翔,等.弹体高速侵彻混凝土质量侵蚀实验研究[J].实验力学,2012,27(1):122-127.YANG Jianchao,ZUO Xinjian,HE Xiang,et al.Experimental study of projectile mass loss in high velocity penetration of concrete target[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2012,27(1):122-127.
[5]何翔,徐翔云,孙桂娟,等.弹体高速侵彻混凝土的效应实验[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):1-6.HE Xiang,XU Xiangyun,SUN Guijuan,et al.Experimental investigation on projectiles’high-velocity penetration into concrete targets[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(1):1-6.
[6]武海军,黄风雷,王一楠,等.高速侵彻混凝土弹体头部侵蚀终点效应实验研究[J].兵工学报,2012,33(1):48-55.WU Haijun,HUANG Fenglei,WANG Yinan,et al.Experimental investigation on projectile nose eroding effect of high-velocity penetration into concrete[J].Acta Armamentarii,2012,33(1):48-55.
[7]MONTGOMERY R S.Friction and wear at high sliding speeds[J].Wear,1976,36(3):275-298.
[8]GUO L,HE Y,ZHANG X F,et al.Study mass loss at microscopic scale for a projectile penetration into concrete[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,72(10):17-25.
[9]JONES S E,HUGHES M L,TONESS O A,et al.A onedimensional analysis of rigid-body penetration with high-speed friction[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2003,217(4):411-422.
[10]JONES S E,DAVIS R N,HUGHES M L,et al.Penetration with high-speed friction[C]∥ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference.Vancouver:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2002.
[11]DAVIS R N.Modeling of high-speed friction using multi-step incrementation of the coefficient of sliding friction[C]∥Proceedings of the AIAA 54th Annual Southeastern Regional Student Conference.Kill Devil Hills:AIAA,2003.
[12]DAVIS R N,JONES S E,HUGHES M L.High-speed penetration of concrete using a new analytical model of velocity-dependent friction[C]∥ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2003.
[13]DAVIS R N,NEELY A M,JONES S E.Mass loss and blunting during high-speed penetration[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2004,218(9):1053-1062.
[14]陈小伟,杨世全,何丽灵.动能侵彻弹体的质量侵蚀模型分析[J].力学学报,2009,41(3):739-747.CHEN Xiaowei,YANG Shiquan,HE Liling.Modeling on mass abrasion of kinetic energy penetrator[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2009,41(3):739-747.
[15]HE L L,CHEN X W,HE X.Parametric study on mass loss of penetrators[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2010,26(4):585-597.
[16]SILLING S A,FORREATAL M J.Mass loss from abrasion on ogival-nose steel projectile that penetrate concrete targets[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,34(11):1814-1820.
[17]HE L L,CHEN X W.Analyses of the penetration process considering mass loss[J].European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids,2011,30(2):145-157.
[18]HE L L,CHEN X W,XIA Y M.Representation of nose blunting of projectile into concrete target and two reduction suggestions[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2014,74:132-144.
[19]何丽灵,陈小伟.高速侵彻混凝土弹体的形状演化模拟[J].力学学报,2011,43(4):707-715.HE Liling,CHEN Xiaowei.Simulation of variation of projectile nose during high-speed penetration into concrete[J].Chinses Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2011,43(4):707-715.
[20]CHEN X W,LI Q M.Transition from nondeformable projectile penetration to semihydrodynamic penetration[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2004,130(1):123-127.
[21]OXLEY P L B,HASTINGS W F.Predicting the strain rate in the zone of intense shear in which the chip is formed in machining from the dynamic flow stress properties of the work material and the cutting conditions[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.A,1977,356(1686):395-410.
[22]TOUNSI N,VINCENTI J,OTHO A,et al.From the basic mechanics of orthogonal metal cutting toward the identification of the constitutive equation[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2002,42(12):1373-1383.
[23]SHI B,ATTIA H,TOUNSI N.Identification of material constitutive laws for machining—Part I:an analytical model describing the stress,strain,strain rate,and temperature fields in the primary shear zone in orthogonal metal cutting[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2010,132(5):051008.
[24]JOHNSON G R,COOK W H.A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains,high strain rates and high temperatures[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics.Hague:ISB,1983.
[25]MEDYANIK S N,LIU W K,LI S.On criteria for dynamic adiabatic shear band propagation[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2007,55(7):1439-1461.
[26]KLEPACZKO J R.Surface layer thermodynamics of steel penetrators at high and very high sliding velocities:AFRL MN-EG-TR—2001-7076[R].Florida:Florida University Shalimar Graduate Engineering and Research Center,2001.
[27]ZHAO J,CHEN X W,JIN F N,et al.Depth of penetration of high-speed penetrator with including the effect of mass abrasion[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2010,37(9):971-979.