饲粮中添加杜仲叶对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化力和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同形式的杜仲叶,研究其对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、抗氧化力及免疫功能的影响,以评估它们在养殖初期替代抗生素的能力。将断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)随机分成对照组、抗生素组(75 mg/kg金霉素)和三个杜仲叶组(杜仲叶提取物、发酵杜仲叶、杜仲叶干粉),每组10头,进行28天养殖试验。结果表明:与对照相比,杜仲叶提取物组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著提高并降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比,杜仲叶提取物组和杜仲叶发酵组ADG和F/G均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组之间平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和杜仲叶提取物组仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和三种杜仲叶组均降低仔猪血液丙二醛含量和提高总抗氧化力(P<0.01),而抗生素组、杜仲叶提取物组和杜仲叶发酵组还显著提高血液免疫球蛋白IgM含量(P<0.01),且表现出提高血液IgG含量的趋势(P=0.06)。与其他各组相比,杜仲叶提取物组可显著提高肝脏指数(P<0.05);肝脏重量、脾脏重量和脾脏指数在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加杜仲叶提取物可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪抗氧化力和免疫功能,其效果优于发酵杜仲叶和杜仲叶干粉,并具备一定的抗生素替代潜力。
In order to assess their ability to replace antibiotics in the early stages of culture,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary addition of different Eucommia leaves on growth performance,diarrhea rate,blood biochemical parameters and immune organs of weaning piglets.Fifty crossbred piglets(Duroc × Landrace × Large white) were randomly allocated to five groups(10 replicates per group):control group,antibiotic group(75 mg/kg chlortetracycline) and the three Eucommia leaves groups(Eucommia leaves extract,fermented Eucommia leaves,or Eucommia leaves powder,respectivley).The trial lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows:Compared with the control group,the Eucommia leaves extract group increased ADG and decreased F/G of the weaning piglets(P<0.05);compared with the antibiotic group,no significant difference was observed of the ADG and F/G in the Eucommia leaves extract group and the fermented Eucommia leaves group(P<0.05).Compared to the control,the antibiotic group and the Eucommia leaves extract group significantly reduced the diarrhea rate(P<0.05).Compared to the control,all the treatment groups significantly decreased the blood malonaldehyde levels and increased the totalantioxide capacity(P<0.01).The antibiotic group,the Eucommia leaves extract group and the fermented Eucommia leaves group significantly increased the blood immunoglobulin IgM level(P<0.01) and tended to increase IgG level(P=0.06),and no difference was observed among the three groups.The fermented Eucommia leaves group significantly increased the liver index(P<0.01),and the liver weight,spleen weight,and spleen index were not different among all groups(P>0.05).It was concluded that dietary addition of Eucommia leaves extract could improve growth performance,decreased diarrhea rate,increased immunity and promoted antioxidant capacity of the weaning piglets,and its effects were better than fermented Eucommia leaves and Eucommia leaves powder.
In order to assess their ability to replace antibiotics in the early stages of culture,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary addition of different Eucommia leaves on growth performance,diarrhea rate,blood biochemical parameters and immune organs of weaning piglets.Fifty crossbred piglets(Duroc × Landrace × Large white) were randomly allocated to five groups(10 replicates per group):control group,antibiotic group(75 mg/kg chlortetracycline) and the three Eucommia leaves groups(Eucommia leaves extract,fermented Eucommia leaves,or Eucommia leaves powder,respectivley).The trial lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows:Compared with the control group,the Eucommia leaves extract group increased ADG and decreased F/G of the weaning piglets(P<0.05);compared with the antibiotic group,no significant difference was observed of the ADG and F/G in the Eucommia leaves extract group and the fermented Eucommia leaves group(P<0.05).Compared to the control,the antibiotic group and the Eucommia leaves extract group significantly reduced the diarrhea rate(P<0.05).Compared to the control,all the treatment groups significantly decreased the blood malonaldehyde levels and increased the totalantioxide capacity(P<0.01).The antibiotic group,the Eucommia leaves extract group and the fermented Eucommia leaves group significantly increased the blood immunoglobulin IgM level(P<0.01) and tended to increase IgG level(P=0.06),and no difference was observed among the three groups.The fermented Eucommia leaves group significantly increased the liver index(P<0.01),and the liver weight,spleen weight,and spleen index were not different among all groups(P>0.05).It was concluded that dietary addition of Eucommia leaves extract could improve growth performance,decreased diarrhea rate,increased immunity and promoted antioxidant capacity of the weaning piglets,and its effects were better than fermented Eucommia leaves and Eucommia leaves powder.
引文
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2 Barton MD.Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health[J].Nutr Res Rev,2000,13:279-299.
3 Zhang JJ,Du HY,Li Q,et al.Study advancement about pharmacological and toxicological of Eucommia ulmoides oliv[J].J Henan Univ:Med Sci Ed(河南大学学报:医学版),2014,33:217-222.
4 Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of Chinese[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
5 Hu JW,Han XD,Fu JP,et al.Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of 3 chlorogenic acid extracts[J].Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发),2017,29:1928-1933.
6 Wang JH,He JH,Yi X,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extracts on growth performance and blood indexes of pigs[J].Feed Res(饲料研究),2007,2:1-4.
7 Lyu WX,He JH,Wang JH,et al.Studies on the application of Eucommia ulmoides extract in performance and carcass qualities of broilers[J].J Hunan Agric Univ:Nat Sci Ed(湖南农业大学学报:自科版),2005,31:640-643.
8 Qiu G,Bao X,Li Y,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extracts on immune function of mice[J].Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med(中药药理与临床),2008,24(4):41-43.
9 Meng XL,Leng XJ,Li XQ,et al.Effect of Eucommia ulmoides on growth and serum non-specifi cimmune index of grass carp(ctenopharyngodon idellus)fingerling[J].J Shanghai Fish Univ(上海水产大学学报),2007,16:330-333.
10 Xu YQ,Zhang QH,Li YH,et al.Effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf powder on growth performance and immunity related gene expression level in Mylopharyngodonpiceus[J].Res Agric Mod(农业现代化研究),2015,36:1074-1079.
11 Marquardt RR,Jin LZ,Kim JW,et al.Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,1999,23:283-288.
12 Chen YM,Huang T,Song XZ,et al.Effects of dietary Eucommia leaves extract on growth performance and immune function of broilers[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2015,27:2224-2230.
13 Li WT,Wang YC,Xu QL.et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides and mulberry leaves extracts on growth performance and pork quality in fattening pigs[J].Heilongjiang Anim Husb Vet(黑龙江畜牧兽医),2018,10:157-160.
14 Estienne MJ,Hartsock TG,Harper AF.Effects of antibiotics and probiotics on suckling pig and weaned pig performance[J].Int J Appl Res Vet Med,2005,3:303-308.
15 Shi ZT,Yao YC,Jiang S,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecalis substitute for antibiotic on growth performance,diarrhearate,blood biochemical parameters and immune organs of weaner piglets[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2015,27:1832-1840.
16 Cuzzocrea S,Riley DP,Caputi AP,et al.Antioxidant therapy:a new pharmacological approach in shock,inflammation,and ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].Pharmacol Rev,2001,53:135-159.
17 Sun YL,DuY,Huang WM,et al.Influence of Eucommin on production performance and immunity function in dairy cows[J].China dairy cattle(中国奶牛),2012,9:13-16.
18 Wang H.Progress in bioactivity of flavonoids[J].Food and Drug(食品与药品),2010,12:347-350.
19 Wang WL,Wen CY,Guo QP,et al.Biological properties of chlorogenic acid and its mechanism of action[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2017,29:2220-2227.
20 Wang FM.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides powder on the production performance and immune function of liangshan rockhawk chicken[J].Heilongjiang Anim Husb Vet(黑龙江畜牧兽医),2013,12:143-144.
21 Wang ZC,Zhang ZH,Yin DZ,et al.Histological observation of extract development of immune organs in broilers influenced by Eucommia ulmoides[J].Prog Vet Med,2007,28(12):36-38.
2 Barton MD.Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health[J].Nutr Res Rev,2000,13:279-299.
3 Zhang JJ,Du HY,Li Q,et al.Study advancement about pharmacological and toxicological of Eucommia ulmoides oliv[J].J Henan Univ:Med Sci Ed(河南大学学报:医学版),2014,33:217-222.
4 Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of Chinese[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
5 Hu JW,Han XD,Fu JP,et al.Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of 3 chlorogenic acid extracts[J].Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发),2017,29:1928-1933.
6 Wang JH,He JH,Yi X,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extracts on growth performance and blood indexes of pigs[J].Feed Res(饲料研究),2007,2:1-4.
7 Lyu WX,He JH,Wang JH,et al.Studies on the application of Eucommia ulmoides extract in performance and carcass qualities of broilers[J].J Hunan Agric Univ:Nat Sci Ed(湖南农业大学学报:自科版),2005,31:640-643.
8 Qiu G,Bao X,Li Y,et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides extracts on immune function of mice[J].Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med(中药药理与临床),2008,24(4):41-43.
9 Meng XL,Leng XJ,Li XQ,et al.Effect of Eucommia ulmoides on growth and serum non-specifi cimmune index of grass carp(ctenopharyngodon idellus)fingerling[J].J Shanghai Fish Univ(上海水产大学学报),2007,16:330-333.
10 Xu YQ,Zhang QH,Li YH,et al.Effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf powder on growth performance and immunity related gene expression level in Mylopharyngodonpiceus[J].Res Agric Mod(农业现代化研究),2015,36:1074-1079.
11 Marquardt RR,Jin LZ,Kim JW,et al.Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,1999,23:283-288.
12 Chen YM,Huang T,Song XZ,et al.Effects of dietary Eucommia leaves extract on growth performance and immune function of broilers[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2015,27:2224-2230.
13 Li WT,Wang YC,Xu QL.et al.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides and mulberry leaves extracts on growth performance and pork quality in fattening pigs[J].Heilongjiang Anim Husb Vet(黑龙江畜牧兽医),2018,10:157-160.
14 Estienne MJ,Hartsock TG,Harper AF.Effects of antibiotics and probiotics on suckling pig and weaned pig performance[J].Int J Appl Res Vet Med,2005,3:303-308.
15 Shi ZT,Yao YC,Jiang S,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecalis substitute for antibiotic on growth performance,diarrhearate,blood biochemical parameters and immune organs of weaner piglets[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2015,27:1832-1840.
16 Cuzzocrea S,Riley DP,Caputi AP,et al.Antioxidant therapy:a new pharmacological approach in shock,inflammation,and ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].Pharmacol Rev,2001,53:135-159.
17 Sun YL,DuY,Huang WM,et al.Influence of Eucommin on production performance and immunity function in dairy cows[J].China dairy cattle(中国奶牛),2012,9:13-16.
18 Wang H.Progress in bioactivity of flavonoids[J].Food and Drug(食品与药品),2010,12:347-350.
19 Wang WL,Wen CY,Guo QP,et al.Biological properties of chlorogenic acid and its mechanism of action[J].Chin J Anim Nutr(动物营养学报),2017,29:2220-2227.
20 Wang FM.Effects of Eucommia ulmoides powder on the production performance and immune function of liangshan rockhawk chicken[J].Heilongjiang Anim Husb Vet(黑龙江畜牧兽医),2013,12:143-144.
21 Wang ZC,Zhang ZH,Yin DZ,et al.Histological observation of extract development of immune organs in broilers influenced by Eucommia ulmoides[J].Prog Vet Med,2007,28(12):36-38.