反射地震成像的波场变换方法
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摘要
遵循反射地震数据叠前偏移可分步描述的思想,即动校正+叠加+叠后偏移,根据叠前观测波场、零炮检距波场和叠前时间偏移波场之间的坐标位置关系,通过波场变换实现了偏移到零炮检距地震剖面和叠前时间偏移。计算实现简单,只是空间方向的Fourier正反变换与时间方向的积分,并且偏移到零炮检距地震剖面与叠前时间偏移计算量基本相当,计算没有任何关于小炮检距近似或小反射倾角近似假设。最后讨论了这种方法在研究保幅成像、地震道插值等方面的应用可能以及处理实际地震数据可能面临的问题。
Based on the principle of prestack migration of reflected seismic data,which could be decomposed into normal moveout,stack and poststack migration,zero-offset and prestack time migrated waves could be imaged by wavefield transform according to relations of wave position between prestack wavefields,zero-offset wavefields and prestack migrated wavefields.The computations were simple and cheap without small offset or small reflection angle approximations,only including 1-D Fourier transform in space-domain and 1-D integral calculation in time-domain.Migrating to zero-offset is nearly equivalent to the prestack time migration in computation.The prospective applications in amplitude-preserved imaging and seismic trace interpolation,and some problems in actual data processing by the wavefield transform method are discussed.
Based on the principle of prestack migration of reflected seismic data,which could be decomposed into normal moveout,stack and poststack migration,zero-offset and prestack time migrated waves could be imaged by wavefield transform according to relations of wave position between prestack wavefields,zero-offset wavefields and prestack migrated wavefields.The computations were simple and cheap without small offset or small reflection angle approximations,only including 1-D Fourier transform in space-domain and 1-D integral calculation in time-domain.Migrating to zero-offset is nearly equivalent to the prestack time migration in computation.The prospective applications in amplitude-preserved imaging and seismic trace interpolation,and some problems in actual data processing by the wavefield transform method are discussed.
引文
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[10]耿建华,马在田.波动方程有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):392～399.
[2]马在田.地震成像技术——有限差分法偏移[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.
[3]Yil maz O.Seismic data processing[M].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1988.
[4]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989.
[5]Yil maz O.Claerbout J F.Prestack partial migration[J].Geophysics,1980,45(6):1753～1779.
[6]Deregowski S M,Rocca F.Geometrical optics and wave theory of constant offset sectionin layered media[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1981,29(3):374～406.
[7]Bolondi G,Loinger E,Rocca F.Offset continuation of seismic sections[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1982,30(6):813～828.
[8]Bolondi G,Loinger E,Rocca F.Offset continuationintheory and practice[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1984,32(6):1045～1073.
[9]Fowler P J.A comparative overview of prestack ti me migration methods[C].67th Annual Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstract,1997.1571～1574.
[10]耿建华,马在田.波动方程有限差分法叠前深度偏移[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(3):392～399.
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