强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究
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摘要
岩体地震动力破坏现象是常见但研究较少的复杂课题。利用物理模拟试验,研究了层状岩体边坡在强地震动作用下的变形破坏问题。按结构面走向平行和垂直地震动方向,对不同岩体结构特征的模型施加不同的幅值和频率的水平向地震动荷载,进行岩体的振动破坏试验。结果表明,结构面空间展布方向与地震动荷载的相互关系不同、结构面软弱程度不同,岩体变形破坏的形式和分布特征也不相同。岩体的动力破坏主要是岩体结构的破坏,即岩体结构的宏观破坏和微观损伤,岩体结构特征是控制其动力变形破坏的主要因素。极大的不均匀性是岩体动力破坏的显著特点,这与大量极震区岩体破坏的现象类似。但岩体动力破坏模式的建立和定量的力学分析还需更多研究。
Dynamic failures of rock masses under strong ground motion are common phenomena usually observed but lack of studies because of their complexity. Deformation failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion are studied by physical simulation experiments. Horizontal ground motion with different amplitudes and frequencies is respectively operated on models with different structure characteristics to investigate dynamic failure of layered rock masses according to mutual relation between discontinuity orientations and seismic forces. The results indicate that deformation failures of rock masses have different forms and distributing characteristics because of different spatial relations between discontinuities & dynamic forces and different discontinuities strengths. Structure failure of rock mass is principal that can be classified into macroscopical failure and microcosmic damage, structure characteristics of rock mass is dominating factor of dynamic failure of rock mass; inhomogeneity is one of its outstanding characteristics that are similar with those of the rock mass suffered from strong ground motions at meizoseismal areas. More researches are badly needed to establish dynamic failure modes of rock mass and to carry out quantitative mechanical analysis.
Dynamic failures of rock masses under strong ground motion are common phenomena usually observed but lack of studies because of their complexity. Deformation failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion are studied by physical simulation experiments. Horizontal ground motion with different amplitudes and frequencies is respectively operated on models with different structure characteristics to investigate dynamic failure of layered rock masses according to mutual relation between discontinuity orientations and seismic forces. The results indicate that deformation failures of rock masses have different forms and distributing characteristics because of different spatial relations between discontinuities & dynamic forces and different discontinuities strengths. Structure failure of rock mass is principal that can be classified into macroscopical failure and microcosmic damage, structure characteristics of rock mass is dominating factor of dynamic failure of rock mass; inhomogeneity is one of its outstanding characteristics that are similar with those of the rock mass suffered from strong ground motions at meizoseismal areas. More researches are badly needed to establish dynamic failure modes of rock mass and to carry out quantitative mechanical analysis.
引文
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[2]国家科委全国重大自然灾害综合研究组.中国重大自然灾害及减灾对策(分论)[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[3]谢礼立,陶夏新,王国新.强地震动估计和地震危险性评定[J].东北地震研究,2001,17(1):1-8. XIE Li-li, TAO Xia-xin, WANG Guo-xin. Prediction of strong ground motion and assessment of seismic hazard[J]. Seismological Research of Northeast China,2001,17(1):1-8.
[4]王国权,周锡元,马宗晋,等.921台湾地震近断层强地面运动的周期和幅值特性[J].工程抗震,2001,(1):30-36.
[5]胡聿贤,周锡元.地震工程跨世纪发展趋势[J].工程抗震,1999,(1):3-9.
[6]梁庆国,韩文峰,李雪峰,等.强震极震区竖向地震力与重大工程安全问题[A].全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],2003.
[7]杜永廉,陈尚武,吴玉庚.黄河小浪底坝区古滑坡机制的模型实验研究[A].岩体工程地质力学问题(五)[M].中国科学院地质研究所主编.北京:科学出版社,1984.
[8]王存玉,王思敬.边坡模型振动实验研究[A].岩体工程地质力学问题(七)[M].中国科学院地质研究所主编.北京:科学出版社,1987.
[9]祁生文.边坡动力响应分析及其应用[博士学位论文 D].北京:中国科学院,200.
[10]余定生,杜永廉.露天边坡变形的模拟实验研究.岩体工程地质力学问题(三)[M].中国科学院地质研究所主编,北京:科学出版社,1980.
[11]石豫川,冯文凯,冯学钢,等.国道108线某段缓倾角顺层边坡变形破坏机制物理模拟研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):350-355. SHI Yu-chuan, FENG Wen-kai, FENG Xue-gang, et al. Study on mechanism of deformation failure of a low-angle dip bedding slope of national highway No.108 by physical simulation method[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition),2003,30(4):350-355.
[12]刘建,冯夏庭,张杰,等.三峡工程左岸厂房坝段深层抗滑稳定的物理模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):993-998. LIU Jian, FENG Xia-ting, ZHANG Jie, et al. Physical modeling on stability against sliding for left powerhouse dam of the Three Gorges Project[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering ,2002,21(7):993-998.
[13]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[14]杜榕桓.山地灾害发展趋势预测[A].中国西部环境演变评估——中国西部环境变化的预测(第二卷)[M].丁一汇主编.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[15]朱海之,王克鲁,赵其强.从昭通地震破坏看山区地面破坏特点[J].地质科学,1975,8(3):230-241.
[16]李天池.四川松潘平武地震区崩塌和滑坡的若干问题[A].滑坡文集(二)[C].铁道部科学研究院西北所主编.北京:人民铁道出版社,1979.
[17]唐川,黄楚兴,万晔.云南省丽江大地震及其诱发的崩塌滑坡灾害特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(3):76-84. TANG Chuan, HUANG Chu-xin, WAN Ye. Lijiang earthquake and the induced rockfalls and slumps in Yunnan[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,1997,6(3):76-84.
[18] Boris Benko. Numerical modeling of complex slope deformations [D].[s.l.]: University of Saskatchewan,1997.
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