广义地震数据合成及其偏移成像
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摘要
根据地震波场的线性叠加原理,提出了对地震共炮道集及其震源进行线性叠加的一般方案———广义地震数据合成的方法.利用这个方法,可以根据不同的地质情况和要求得到各种不同的人工合成地震数据道集和震源,如平面波数据道集和震源、局部平面波(束)数据道集和震源以及面向目标的人工合成地震数据道集和震源.对于人工合成地震数据道集的偏移成像可应用单平方根方程实现.不同的合成地震数据道集具有不同偏移成像特性:平面波数据道集具有很高的计算效率,局部平面波数据道集具有很好的方向性,面向目标的合成地震数据道集具有很好的面向目标特性.
Based on the linear stacking principle of seismic wavefield,a general approach to the linear stacking of seismic common shot gathers and their sources is presented.It is called generalized seismic data synthesis.By using this method,different kinds of artificial synthetic seismic data gathers and sources can be obtained,such as,plane wave data gathers and sources,local plane wave(beam) data gathers and sources,and target-oriented artificial synthetic seismic data gathers and sources,according to various geological situations and requirements.The single-square-root equation can be used for the migration of artificial synthetic seismic data gathers.Different synthetic seismic data gathers have different migration characteristics,for example,plane wave data gathers with high calculation efficiency,local plane wave data gathers with good directional characteristic,target-oriented synthetic data gathers with good target-oriented characteristic.
Based on the linear stacking principle of seismic wavefield,a general approach to the linear stacking of seismic common shot gathers and their sources is presented.It is called generalized seismic data synthesis.By using this method,different kinds of artificial synthetic seismic data gathers and sources can be obtained,such as,plane wave data gathers and sources,local plane wave(beam) data gathers and sources,and target-oriented artificial synthetic seismic data gathers and sources,according to various geological situations and requirements.The single-square-root equation can be used for the migration of artificial synthetic seismic data gathers.Different synthetic seismic data gathers have different migration characteristics,for example,plane wave data gathers with high calculation efficiency,local plane wave data gathers with good directional characteristic,target-oriented synthetic data gathers with good target-oriented characteristic.
引文
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[10]Romero L A.Phase encoding of shot records in prestack migration.Geophysics,2000,65(2):426~436
[11]Sun P Y,Zhang S L,Liu F Q.Prestack migration of areal shotrecords with phase encoding.72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2002.1172~1175
[12]Wu R S,Chen L.Beamlet migration using Gabor-Daubechies framepropagator.63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,EAGE,Expanded Abstracts,2001.74
[13]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part I:Prestackmigration in terms of double focusing.Geophysics,1997,62(3):937~953
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[15]Cˇerven V.Seismic Ray Theory.Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,2001
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[2]Berkhout A J.Areal shot record technology.J.Seis.Expl.,1992,1(3):251~264
[3]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.合成平面波数据的Rytov近似叠前深度偏移.物探化探计算技术,2001,23(3):193~197Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.The prestack depth migration by Rytovapproximation using synthesis plane wave data.Computing Tech.forGeophys.and Geochem.Expl.(in Chinese),2001,23(3):193~197
[4]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.Optimum seismicillumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(10):1334~1345
[5]Zhang G Q,Zhang W S,Hao X J.Prestack depth migration withcommon-shot and synthesis shot records.69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1999.1469~1472
[6]陈树民,刘洪,李幼铭.适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):58~67Chen S M,Liu H,Li Y M.The area shot method for land 3Dseismic acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3):58~67
[7]陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前数据的平面波深度偏移方法.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):1176~1185Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A plane wave depth migration methodfor pre-stack seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6):1176~1185
[8]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration by meansof controlled illumination.Geophysics,1994,59(5):801~809
[9]陈秀梅,王华忠,程玖兵等.地表旋转控制照明叠前深度偏移.地球物理学报,2004,47(2):306~311Chen X M,Wang H Z,Cheng J B,et al.Prestack depth migrationby surface rotation controlled illumination.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(2):306~311
[10]Romero L A.Phase encoding of shot records in prestack migration.Geophysics,2000,65(2):426~436
[11]Sun P Y,Zhang S L,Liu F Q.Prestack migration of areal shotrecords with phase encoding.72nd Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,2002.1172~1175
[12]Wu R S,Chen L.Beamlet migration using Gabor-Daubechies framepropagator.63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition,EAGE,Expanded Abstracts,2001.74
[13]Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,Part I:Prestackmigration in terms of double focusing.Geophysics,1997,62(3):937~953
[14]Cˇerven V.Expansion of a plane wave into Gaussian beams.StudiaGeoph.et Geod.,1982,26:120~131
[15]Cˇerven V.Seismic Ray Theory.Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,2001
[16]Cˇerven V,Popov M M,P encˇík I.Computation of wave fields ininhomogeneous media—Gaussian beam approach.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1982,70:109~128
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