晚新生代青藏高原构造挤出及其对中国东部裂陷盆地晚期油气成藏的影响
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摘要
基于青藏高原东部地区走滑 -冲断变形系统的运动学和年代学分析以及华北地区新构造变形特征研究 ,提出了青藏高原东部晚新生代 3阶段向东构造挤出的运动学模式 ,论述了每一个挤出阶段构造形变图像和块体运动方式 ,讨论了构造挤出对中国东部裂陷盆地油气晚期成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明 ,第一阶段构造挤出发生在中新世中晚期的 12～5Ma期间 ,最显著的构造形变特征是鲜水河断裂带强烈的左旋走滑运动、红河断裂右旋走滑运动和川滇地块向东挤出。这期构造挤出使整个华南地块发生逆时针旋转 ,在南海北部大陆架产生右旋拉伸剪切应力场 ,引起珠江口盆地近东西向伸展断裂系统的复活。第二阶段构造挤出发生在上新世 -早更新世的青藏运动时期 (约 4～ 0 8Ma) ,最显著的构造变形特征包括昆仑 -秦岭断裂系和海原断裂强烈的左旋走滑运动、华北地区次级地块的逆时针旋转、鄂尔多斯地块周缘地堑系的引张变形、大渤海湾盆地内部北北东向断裂右旋剪切活动和郯庐断裂右旋走滑活动等。这期构造挤出使华南地块发生顺时针旋转。第三阶段挤出作用发生在中晚更新世以来 ,川滇地块围绕喜马拉雅东构造带发生顺时针涡轮状旋转 ;岷山 -龙门山构造带以走滑运动为主 ,地壳缩短作用较弱 ;华南地块向东挤出作用减弱。新生代这 3期构?
Based on kinematic and geochronologic analyses of the strike slip thrust deformation system in eastern Qinghai Tibet plateau, and in combination with the study of neotectonic deformation characteristics in North China,this paper proposes a 3 stage kinematic model of east ward squeezing out tectonism in eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic,describes the presentation of tectonic deformation and pattern of block movement occurring in each squeezing out stage,and discusses the control of squeezing out tectonism on late hydrocarbon accumulation in rift basins in eastern China.The first squeezing out stage that occurred during the middle and late Miocene(12～5?Ma)was remarkably characterized by tectonic deformations of strong left lateral strike slip movement of Xianshuihe fault zone,right lateral strike slip movement of Honghe fault,and east ward squeezing out of Chuan Dian(Sichuan Yunnan)block.This tectonic squeezing out stage resulted in counterclockwise rotation of South China Block,and led to the development of right lateral extensional shear stress field in the northern shelf of South China Sea and reactivation of the near E W trending extensional fault system in Pearl River basin.The second squeezing out stage that occurred during the Qinghai Tibet movement in Pliocene and Early Pleistocene(about 4～0.8?Ma),was characterized by prominent tectonic deformations,such as strong left lateral strike slip movements of Kunlun Qinling fault system and Haiyuan fault,counterclockwise rotation of the sub blocks in North China,extensional deformation of the graben system in periphyery of Ordos block,right lateral shear movement of the NNE faults in Bohai Bay basin, and right lateral strike slip movement of Tanlu fault.This tectonic squeezing out stage led to the clockwise rotation of South China block.The third squeezing out stage that occurred since middle and late Pleistocene resulted in the clockwise and turbine like rotation of Chuan Dian block around the late Himalayan east tectonic belt,strike slip movement of Minshan Longmenshan tectonic belt with weak crust shortening,and weakening of eastward squeezing out of South China Block.These three Cenozoic tectonic squeezing out stages have heavily influenced the development of fault basins and late hydrocarbon accumulation in the offshore shelf in eastern China.
Based on kinematic and geochronologic analyses of the strike slip thrust deformation system in eastern Qinghai Tibet plateau, and in combination with the study of neotectonic deformation characteristics in North China,this paper proposes a 3 stage kinematic model of east ward squeezing out tectonism in eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic,describes the presentation of tectonic deformation and pattern of block movement occurring in each squeezing out stage,and discusses the control of squeezing out tectonism on late hydrocarbon accumulation in rift basins in eastern China.The first squeezing out stage that occurred during the middle and late Miocene(12～5?Ma)was remarkably characterized by tectonic deformations of strong left lateral strike slip movement of Xianshuihe fault zone,right lateral strike slip movement of Honghe fault,and east ward squeezing out of Chuan Dian(Sichuan Yunnan)block.This tectonic squeezing out stage resulted in counterclockwise rotation of South China Block,and led to the development of right lateral extensional shear stress field in the northern shelf of South China Sea and reactivation of the near E W trending extensional fault system in Pearl River basin.The second squeezing out stage that occurred during the Qinghai Tibet movement in Pliocene and Early Pleistocene(about 4～0.8?Ma),was characterized by prominent tectonic deformations,such as strong left lateral strike slip movements of Kunlun Qinling fault system and Haiyuan fault,counterclockwise rotation of the sub blocks in North China,extensional deformation of the graben system in periphyery of Ordos block,right lateral shear movement of the NNE faults in Bohai Bay basin, and right lateral strike slip movement of Tanlu fault.This tectonic squeezing out stage led to the clockwise rotation of South China block.The third squeezing out stage that occurred since middle and late Pleistocene resulted in the clockwise and turbine like rotation of Chuan Dian block around the late Himalayan east tectonic belt,strike slip movement of Minshan Longmenshan tectonic belt with weak crust shortening,and weakening of eastward squeezing out of South China Block.These three Cenozoic tectonic squeezing out stages have heavily influenced the development of fault basins and late hydrocarbon accumulation in the offshore shelf in eastern China.
引文
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27 ArneD ,WorleyB ,WilsonCH ,etal.Differentialexhumationinre sponsetoepisodicthrustingalongtheeasternmarginoftheTibetanplateau[J].Tectonophysics,1997,280:239～256
28 KirbyE ,ReinersPW ,KrolMA ,etal.LateCenozoicevolutionoftheeasternmarginoftheTibetanPlateau:inferencesfrom40Ar/39Arand(U Th)/Hethermochronology[J].Tectonics,2002,21(1):1～19
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33 BurchfielBC ,ZhangPeizhen,WangYipeng,etal.Geologyofthe
2 TapponnierP ,MolnarP .Sliplinefieldtheoryandlarge scaleconti nentaltectonics[J].Nature,1976,264:319～324
3 TapponnierP ,MolnarP .ActivefaultingandtectonicsinChina[J].JouofGeophyRes,1982,82(20):2905～2930
4 BurchfielBC ,RoydennLH .TectonicsofAsia50yearsafterthedeathofEmileArgand[J].EcologaeGeolHelv,1991,84(3):599～629
5 LePichonX ,FournierM ,JolivetL .Kinematics,topography,short ening,andextensionintheIndiaEurasiacollision[J].Tectonics,1992,9(6):1409～1419
6 PeltzerG ,TapponnierP .Formationandevolutionofstrike slipfaults,riftsandbasinsduringtheIndianAsiacollision:anexperimentalap proach[J].JouofGeophyRes,1988,93:15085～15117
7 DavyP ,CobboldPR .Indentationtectonicsinnatureandexperi ments,1,centralAsia[J].BullGeolInstUppsala,1988,14:129～142
8 CobboldPR ,DavyP .Indentationtectonicsinnatureandexperi ments,2,centralAsia[J].BullGeolInstUppsala,1988,14:143～162
9 TapponnierP ,PeltzerG ,LeDainAY ,etal.PropagatingextrusiontectonicsinAsia:newinsightsfromsimpleexperimentswithplastine[J].Geology,1982,10:611～616.
10 TapponnierP ,PeltzerG ,ArmijoR .OnthemechanicsofthecollisionbetweenIndiaandAsia[A].In:RamsayJG ,CowardMP ,RiesA .Collisiontectonics[C].GeologicalSocietyofLondon,1982,19:115～157
11 AvouacJP ,TapponnierP .KinematicmodelofactivedeformationincentralAsia[J].GeophyResLetters,1993,20(10):859～898
12 DeweyJF ,CandeS ,PitmanWC .TectonicevolutionoftheIndia/Eurasiacollisionzone[J].EclogaeGeolHelv,1989,82:717～734
13 EnglandP ,HousemanDP .Right lateralshearandrotationastheex planationofstrike slipfaultingineasternTibet[J].Nature,1990,344:140～143
14 TapponnierP ,XuZ ,RogerF ,etal.ObliquestepwiseriseandgrowthoftheTibetplateau[J].Science,2001,294:1671～1677
15 潘桂棠,王培生,徐耀荣,等.青藏高原新生代构造演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.1～190
16 RogerF ,CalassouS ,LancelotJ,etal.MioceneemplacementanddeformationoftheKongaShangranite(Xianshuihefaultzone,westSichuan,China):geodynamicimplications[J].Earth&PlanetaryScienceLetters,1995,130:201～216
17 张岳桥,杨农,孟晖,等.四川攀西地区晚新生代构造变形历史与隆升过程初步研究[J].中国地质,2004,31(1):23～33
18 张宗祜.川滇南北构造带中段晚新生代地质研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.1～264
19 陈富斌,赵永涛.攀西地区新构造[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988.1～102
20 WangJianghai,YinA ,HarrisonTM ,etal.AtectonicmodelforCenozoicigneousactivitiesintheeasternIndoAsiancollisionalzone[J].Earth&PlanetaryScienceLetters,2001,188:123～133
21 ChungSL ,LeeTY ,LoCH ,etal.Intraplateextensionpriortocon tinentalextrusionalongtheAilaoShanRedRivershearzone[J].Ge ology,1997,25:311～314
22 ScharerU ,ZhangLS ,TapponnierP ,etal.TheRedRiverbelt,China[J].Earth&PlanetaryScienceLetters,1994,126:379～397
23 ChenSF ,WilsonCJL ,DengQD ,etal.ActivefaultingandblockmovementassociatedwithlargeearthquakesintheMinShanandLongmenMountains,northeasternTibetanPlateau[J].JouofGeophyRes,1994,99:24025～24038
24 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389～403
25 BurchfielBC ,ChenZ ,LiuY ,etal.TectonicsoftheLongmenshanandadjacentregions,centralChina[J].InternationalGeologyRe view,1995,37:661～735
26 李勇,侯中健,司光影,等.青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):30～36
27 ArneD ,WorleyB ,WilsonCH ,etal.Differentialexhumationinre sponsetoepisodicthrustingalongtheeasternmarginoftheTibetanplateau[J].Tectonophysics,1997,280:239～256
28 KirbyE ,ReinersPW ,KrolMA ,etal.LateCenozoicevolutionoftheeasternmarginoftheTibetanPlateau:inferencesfrom40Ar/39Arand(U Th)/Hethermochronology[J].Tectonics,2002,21(1):1～19
29 喻学惠.甘肃礼县-宕昌地区新生代钾质碱性超基性火山岩的特征及成因[J].特提斯地质,1994,18:114～129
30 李吉均,方小敏,马海洲,等.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆升[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):316～322
31 李吉均,方小敏.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,1998,43(15):1569～1574
32 施雅风,李吉均,李炳台.青藏高原晚新生代隆升与环境变化[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.1～463
33 BurchfielBC ,ZhangPeizhen,WangYipeng,etal.Geologyofthe
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