地震后预防传染病流行的策略
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摘要
地震是一种破坏性极强的自然灾害,对人类生活构成了很大威胁。地震能够瞬间破坏人类的生活环境,并且和其他各种影响因素协同作用,导致地震后灾区传染性疾病的发病率和死亡率增加。改善灾区居民的生活环境及预防传染病的爆发是地震后卫生防疫工作的首要目标。实践证明,及时采取有效的预防措施,可以使"大灾之后无大疫"。本文对地震后灾区预防传染病流行的对策进行综述。
Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disaster. Earthquakes present a major threat to mankind. Earthquakes have a rapid onset, broad impact, and produce many factors that work synergistically to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by communicable diseases. The primary goal of emergency health interventions is to prevent epidemics and improve deteriorating health conditions among the population affected. Major disease outbreak can be avoided by providing effective intervention efforts in a timely and coordinated fashion. This article presents a review of some of the major strategries relevant to preparedness and response for earthquakes.
Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disaster. Earthquakes present a major threat to mankind. Earthquakes have a rapid onset, broad impact, and produce many factors that work synergistically to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by communicable diseases. The primary goal of emergency health interventions is to prevent epidemics and improve deteriorating health conditions among the population affected. Major disease outbreak can be avoided by providing effective intervention efforts in a timely and coordinated fashion. This article presents a review of some of the major strategries relevant to preparedness and response for earthquakes.
引文
[1]张玉润,郝元涛.地震灾区现场紧急状态下传染病风险因素与防控策略[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):375-378.
[2]李平.唐山地震中的次生灾害[J].中国减灾杂志,2003,(2):32-33.
[3]曾光,訾维廉,于国伟,等.中国两次特大自然灾害后的公共卫生服务[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(2):87-89.
[4]Karmaker S,Rathore AS,Kadir SM,et al.Post-earthquake outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis inKashmir(India):An epidemiological analysis[J].Public Health,2008,(Epub ahead of print)
[5]李跃斌.普洱地震中的卫生防疫工作纪实[J].防灾博览,2007,4:31-32.
[6]卫生部:迄今灾区无重大传染病疫情防灾任务仍然艰巨[EB/OL].http://gb.cri.cn/18824/2008/06/10/2225@2092488.html
[7]Rocha JL,Christoplos I.Disasters mitigation andPreparedness on the Nicaraguan post-Mitch agenda[J].Disasters,2001,25(3):240-250.
[8]马萍,潘集阳.创伤后应激障碍的预测因素[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):379-342.
[9]李向晖,程纪群,刘爱兵,等.印尼海啸灾区救援中的卫生防疫工作[J].中国急救医学,2005,4(25):275-276.
[10]Wahlstrom M.Overview of the Tsunami disaster[J].Prehospital Disaster Med,2005,20(6):378-381.
[11]Orlando S,Bernard M L,Mathews P.Neonatal nursing care issues following a natural disaster:lessons learned from the Katrina experience[J].J Perinat Neonatal Nurs,2008,22(2):147-153.
[12]邹文卫,张敬军.地震灾害——应汲取的教训[J].国际地震动态,2003,6(294):33-38.
[13]中国疾控中心青川工作队与当地卫生部门研究灾后防病工作[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n3892145/n3892147/25617.html
[14]Bridgewater FH,Asp inall ET,Booth JP,et al.Team echo:observations and lessons learned in the recovery phase of the2004Asian tsunami1Prehospital[J].Disaster Med,2006,21(1):20-25.
[15]刘爱兵,韩彬,刘元明.印尼班图尔地震灾区痢疾患者的流行病学调查[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,9(2):543-545.
[16]于长水,庞作章.地震、洪涝、海啸等自然灾害次生传染病的流行病学问题与对策[J].口岸卫生控制,2006,10(1):1-3.
[17]任卫红.食用捐赠方便面引发食物中毒的调查[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2002,9(3):142-143.
[18]蒋云,刘茂文,张基明.四川地震灾区动物疫病防控策略[J].畜牧市场,2008,(6):20-21.
[19]草原上的流动实验室[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n272712/25500.html
[20]Thacker MT,Lee R,Sabogal RI,et al.Overview ofdeaths associated with natural events,United States,1979-2004[J].Disasters,2008,32(2):303-315.
[21]免疫规划中心全力支持汶川县开展甲肝疫苗群体接种[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n272712/24998.html
[22]Paton D,Gregg CE,Houghton BF,et al.The impact of the2004tsunami on coastal Thai communities:assessing adaptive capacity[J].Disasters,2008,32(1):106-119.
[23]吴学杰,郑静晨,彭碧波,等.地震灾害紧急救援中健康教育的地位和作用[J].中国急救复苏与医学杂志,2007,2(5):288-290.
[24]Tural U,Coskun B,Onder E,et al.Psychological consequences of the1999earthquake in Turkey[J].J Trauma Stress,2004,17(6):451-459.
[25]Goenjian AK,Najarian LM,Pynoos RS,et al.Post-trau-matic stress disorder in elderly and younger adults after the1988earthquake in Armenia[J].Am J Psychiatry,1994,151(6):895-901.
[26]王相兰,陶炯,温盛霖,等.汶川地震灾民的心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):367-372.
[27]关念红,王昆,魏钦令,等.汶川大地震异地治疗伤员创伤后应激症状及影响因素分析[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):361-366.
[2]李平.唐山地震中的次生灾害[J].中国减灾杂志,2003,(2):32-33.
[3]曾光,訾维廉,于国伟,等.中国两次特大自然灾害后的公共卫生服务[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(2):87-89.
[4]Karmaker S,Rathore AS,Kadir SM,et al.Post-earthquake outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis inKashmir(India):An epidemiological analysis[J].Public Health,2008,(Epub ahead of print)
[5]李跃斌.普洱地震中的卫生防疫工作纪实[J].防灾博览,2007,4:31-32.
[6]卫生部:迄今灾区无重大传染病疫情防灾任务仍然艰巨[EB/OL].http://gb.cri.cn/18824/2008/06/10/2225@2092488.html
[7]Rocha JL,Christoplos I.Disasters mitigation andPreparedness on the Nicaraguan post-Mitch agenda[J].Disasters,2001,25(3):240-250.
[8]马萍,潘集阳.创伤后应激障碍的预测因素[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):379-342.
[9]李向晖,程纪群,刘爱兵,等.印尼海啸灾区救援中的卫生防疫工作[J].中国急救医学,2005,4(25):275-276.
[10]Wahlstrom M.Overview of the Tsunami disaster[J].Prehospital Disaster Med,2005,20(6):378-381.
[11]Orlando S,Bernard M L,Mathews P.Neonatal nursing care issues following a natural disaster:lessons learned from the Katrina experience[J].J Perinat Neonatal Nurs,2008,22(2):147-153.
[12]邹文卫,张敬军.地震灾害——应汲取的教训[J].国际地震动态,2003,6(294):33-38.
[13]中国疾控中心青川工作队与当地卫生部门研究灾后防病工作[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n3892145/n3892147/25617.html
[14]Bridgewater FH,Asp inall ET,Booth JP,et al.Team echo:observations and lessons learned in the recovery phase of the2004Asian tsunami1Prehospital[J].Disaster Med,2006,21(1):20-25.
[15]刘爱兵,韩彬,刘元明.印尼班图尔地震灾区痢疾患者的流行病学调查[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,9(2):543-545.
[16]于长水,庞作章.地震、洪涝、海啸等自然灾害次生传染病的流行病学问题与对策[J].口岸卫生控制,2006,10(1):1-3.
[17]任卫红.食用捐赠方便面引发食物中毒的调查[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2002,9(3):142-143.
[18]蒋云,刘茂文,张基明.四川地震灾区动物疫病防控策略[J].畜牧市场,2008,(6):20-21.
[19]草原上的流动实验室[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n272712/25500.html
[20]Thacker MT,Lee R,Sabogal RI,et al.Overview ofdeaths associated with natural events,United States,1979-2004[J].Disasters,2008,32(2):303-315.
[21]免疫规划中心全力支持汶川县开展甲肝疫苗群体接种[EB/OL].http://www.chinacdc.net.cn/n272442/n272530/n272712/24998.html
[22]Paton D,Gregg CE,Houghton BF,et al.The impact of the2004tsunami on coastal Thai communities:assessing adaptive capacity[J].Disasters,2008,32(1):106-119.
[23]吴学杰,郑静晨,彭碧波,等.地震灾害紧急救援中健康教育的地位和作用[J].中国急救复苏与医学杂志,2007,2(5):288-290.
[24]Tural U,Coskun B,Onder E,et al.Psychological consequences of the1999earthquake in Turkey[J].J Trauma Stress,2004,17(6):451-459.
[25]Goenjian AK,Najarian LM,Pynoos RS,et al.Post-trau-matic stress disorder in elderly and younger adults after the1988earthquake in Armenia[J].Am J Psychiatry,1994,151(6):895-901.
[26]王相兰,陶炯,温盛霖,等.汶川地震灾民的心理健康状况及影响因素[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):367-372.
[27]关念红,王昆,魏钦令,等.汶川大地震异地治疗伤员创伤后应激症状及影响因素分析[J].中山大学学报:医学科学版,2008,29(4):361-366.
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