基于BSR的AVO正演估算水合物含量方法的研究
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摘要
水合物地震属性研究的一个基本目标是水合物/游离气含量的估算.这项工作的难度体现在地震反演具有多解性.这项工作涉及到地震数据的精细处理、速度分析和BSR界面AVO分析等多个具体环节.本文继承前人的有关成果,尝试进行了水合物/游离气含量估算方法的研究.以区域地质、地震和化探等多元方法信息为基础,以定性推断BSR以及BSR界面AVO性质为导向,通过AVO正演模型方法,半定量(或定量)地估算BSR界面上与下地层中水合物/游离气(或水合物/水合物)的含量.运用这种方法,结合海上有利于天然气水合物的E研究区某测线地震资料,尝试估算了BSR界面之上和之下介质中水合物/游离气的含量.
Estimation of hydrate concentration is one of the basic aims for the study of seismic attributes. This work is difficult because the solutions of seismic inversion are always not unique, related to several procedures, such as the fine seismic processing, velocity analysis, and AVO analysis of BSR. Following previous achievements, we attempt to study the concentration estimation for hydrate and free gas. With multidisciplinary information from regional geology, seismic and geochemical exploration, following the guiding of qualitative inference of BSR and its AVO property, the concentration of hydrate and free gas in structures over/under BSR is semiquantitatively (or quantitatively) estimated based on AVO modeling. This method is tested with real seismic data, which will favor the research of gas hydrate.
Estimation of hydrate concentration is one of the basic aims for the study of seismic attributes. This work is difficult because the solutions of seismic inversion are always not unique, related to several procedures, such as the fine seismic processing, velocity analysis, and AVO analysis of BSR. Following previous achievements, we attempt to study the concentration estimation for hydrate and free gas. With multidisciplinary information from regional geology, seismic and geochemical exploration, following the guiding of qualitative inference of BSR and its AVO property, the concentration of hydrate and free gas in structures over/under BSR is semiquantitatively (or quantitatively) estimated based on AVO modeling. This method is tested with real seismic data, which will favor the research of gas hydrate.
引文
[1]Edwards R N.On the resource evaluation of marine gas-hydrate deposits using seafloor compliance methods.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,131:751~766
[2]Ecker C.Seismic characterization of methane hydrate structures[Ph.D.thesis].CA:Standford University,2001
[3]Yuan T,Spence GD,Hyndmen R D,et al.Seismic velocitystudies of a gas hydrate bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia Continental Margin:Amplitude modelingandfull waveforminversion.J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104:1179~1191
[4]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦.海域天然气水合物地震学.北京:海洋出版社,2003Zhang G X,Huang Y Y,Chen B Y.Seismology for Marine Gas Hydrate.Beijing:Ocean Press,2003
[5]宋海斌.天然气水合物的地球物理研究.北京:海洋出版社,2003Song HB.Geophysical Researches on Gas Hydrates.Beijing:Ocean Press,2003
[6]马在田,宋海斌,孙建国.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术.地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):1~6Ma Z T,Song H B,Sun J G.Geophysical prospecting high technologies of marine gas hydrates.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2000,15(3):1~6
[7]杨木壮,梁金强,郭依群.天然气水合物调查研究方法与技术.海洋地质与动态,2001,17(7):14~19Yang M Z,Liang J Q,Guo Y Q.The study methods and technologies of gas hydrate.Marine Geologyand Development,2001,17(7):14~19
[8]蒋国盛,王达,汤凤林等.天然气水合物的勘探与开发.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002Jiang GS,Wang D,Tang F L,et al.Exploration and Development of Gas Hydrate(in Chinese).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2002
[9]孙春岩,王宏语,牛滨华,黄新武.西沙海槽研究区天然气水合物地球化学勘探.地球科学,2004,29(2):135~140Sun C Y,Wang H Y,Niu B H,Huang X W.Geochemical prospecting of gas hydrate at Xisha ocean trough.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2004,29(2):135~140
[10]祝有海,吴必豪,卢振权.中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景.矿床地质,2001,122(5):6~10Zhu Y H,Wu B H,Lu Z Q.The prospecting for gas hydrates offshore China.Mineral Deposits(in Chinese),2001,122(5):6~10
[11]王宏语,孙春岩,黄永样等.海上气态烃快速测试与西沙海槽天然气水合物资源勘查.现代地质,2002,16(2):180~186Wang HY,Sun C Y,Huang YY,et al.Rapid gaseous hydrocarbon test and prospecting for gas hydrate resources in the Xisha Trough South China Sea.Geoscience(in Chinese),2002,16(2):180~186
[12]宋海斌,松林修,杨胜雄,江为为.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅱ):地震方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110~118Song H B,Matsubayashi Osamu,Yang S X,Jiang W W.Geophysical researches on marine gas hydrates(Ⅱ):seismic methods.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3):110~118
[13]宋海斌,松林修,吴能友,郝天姚.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅰ):岩石物性.地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118~126Song HB,Matsubayashi Osamu,Wu N Y,Hao T Y.Geophysical researches on marine gas hydrates(I):physical properties.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(2):118~126
[14]孙春岩,牛滨华,文鹏飞等.海上E区天然气水合物地质、地震、地球化学特征综合研究与成藏远景预测.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1076~1085Sun C Y,Niu B H,Wen P F,et al.Anintegrated study methodfor exploration of gas hydrate reservoir in marine areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1076~1085
[15]孙春岩,黄新武,牛滨华.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究.现代地质,2003,17(3):337~344Sun C Y,Huang X W,Nin B H.Gas hydrate and its geophysical recognition studies.Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,17(3):337~344
[16]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华.天然气水合物微观模式及其速度参数估算方法研究.地学前缘,2003,10(1):191~198Sun C Y,Zhang MY,Niu B H.Micro models of gas hydrate and their velocity estimation methods.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):191~198
[17]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华.天然气水合物地震空白带现象正演模型研究.地学前缘,2002,10(1):199~204Sun C Y,Zhang MY,Niu B H.Modeling of seismic blanking zone for gas hydrate.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2002,10(1):199~204
[18]马在田,耿建华,董良国,宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):1~8Ma Z T,Geng J H,Dong L G,Song H B.Seismic recognition studies on marine gas hydrate.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2002,22(1):1~8
[19]Minshull TA,Singh S C,Westbrook G K.Seismic velocitystructure at a gas hydrate reflector,offshore western Colombia,from full waveforminversion.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B3):4715~4734
[20]Willoughb E C,Edwards R N.Onthe resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using seafloor transient electric dipole-dipole methods.J.Geophysics,1997,62:63~74
[21]Andreassen K,Hart P,Mackay M.Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates.J.Marine Geology,1997,137:25~40
[22]孙春岩,黄新武,章明昱等.天然气水合物及其地球物理识别方法的研究进展.现代地质,2003,17(2):195~201Sun C Y,Huang X W,Zhang M Y,et al.Gas hydrate and its geophysical recognition studies.Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,17(2):195~201
[23]卢振海,吴必豪,祝有海.南海潜在天然气水合物成藏的成因及模式初探.矿床地质,2002,21(3):232~238Lu Z H,Wu B H,Zhu Y H.Preliminary discussion on origin and formation of potential gas hydrates in South China Sea.Mineral Deposit(in Chinese),2002,21(3):232~238
[24]祝有海,张光学,卢振全.南海天然气水合物成藏条件和找矿远景.石油学报,2001,22(5):6~10Zhu Y H,Zhang G X,Lu Z Q.Gas hydrate in South China Sea:Background andindicators.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(5):6~10
[25]Tinivella U,Accaino F.Compressional velocity structure and Possion s rationin marine sediments with gas hydrate andfree gas by inversion of reflected and refracted seismic data(South Shetland Islands,Antarctica).J.Marine Geology,2000,164:13~27
[26]文鹏飞.AVO处理与正演在西沙海槽水合物勘探中的应用[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003Wen P F.AVO Processing and forward modeling applied in gas hydratein the Xisha Ocean Trough[Master thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2003
[2]Ecker C.Seismic characterization of methane hydrate structures[Ph.D.thesis].CA:Standford University,2001
[3]Yuan T,Spence GD,Hyndmen R D,et al.Seismic velocitystudies of a gas hydrate bottom-simulating reflector on the northern Cascadia Continental Margin:Amplitude modelingandfull waveforminversion.J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104:1179~1191
[4]张光学,黄永样,陈邦彦.海域天然气水合物地震学.北京:海洋出版社,2003Zhang G X,Huang Y Y,Chen B Y.Seismology for Marine Gas Hydrate.Beijing:Ocean Press,2003
[5]宋海斌.天然气水合物的地球物理研究.北京:海洋出版社,2003Song HB.Geophysical Researches on Gas Hydrates.Beijing:Ocean Press,2003
[6]马在田,宋海斌,孙建国.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术.地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):1~6Ma Z T,Song H B,Sun J G.Geophysical prospecting high technologies of marine gas hydrates.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2000,15(3):1~6
[7]杨木壮,梁金强,郭依群.天然气水合物调查研究方法与技术.海洋地质与动态,2001,17(7):14~19Yang M Z,Liang J Q,Guo Y Q.The study methods and technologies of gas hydrate.Marine Geologyand Development,2001,17(7):14~19
[8]蒋国盛,王达,汤凤林等.天然气水合物的勘探与开发.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002Jiang GS,Wang D,Tang F L,et al.Exploration and Development of Gas Hydrate(in Chinese).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2002
[9]孙春岩,王宏语,牛滨华,黄新武.西沙海槽研究区天然气水合物地球化学勘探.地球科学,2004,29(2):135~140Sun C Y,Wang H Y,Niu B H,Huang X W.Geochemical prospecting of gas hydrate at Xisha ocean trough.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2004,29(2):135~140
[10]祝有海,吴必豪,卢振权.中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景.矿床地质,2001,122(5):6~10Zhu Y H,Wu B H,Lu Z Q.The prospecting for gas hydrates offshore China.Mineral Deposits(in Chinese),2001,122(5):6~10
[11]王宏语,孙春岩,黄永样等.海上气态烃快速测试与西沙海槽天然气水合物资源勘查.现代地质,2002,16(2):180~186Wang HY,Sun C Y,Huang YY,et al.Rapid gaseous hydrocarbon test and prospecting for gas hydrate resources in the Xisha Trough South China Sea.Geoscience(in Chinese),2002,16(2):180~186
[12]宋海斌,松林修,杨胜雄,江为为.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅱ):地震方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110~118Song H B,Matsubayashi Osamu,Yang S X,Jiang W W.Geophysical researches on marine gas hydrates(Ⅱ):seismic methods.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3):110~118
[13]宋海斌,松林修,吴能友,郝天姚.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅰ):岩石物性.地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118~126Song HB,Matsubayashi Osamu,Wu N Y,Hao T Y.Geophysical researches on marine gas hydrates(I):physical properties.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(2):118~126
[14]孙春岩,牛滨华,文鹏飞等.海上E区天然气水合物地质、地震、地球化学特征综合研究与成藏远景预测.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1076~1085Sun C Y,Niu B H,Wen P F,et al.Anintegrated study methodfor exploration of gas hydrate reservoir in marine areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1076~1085
[15]孙春岩,黄新武,牛滨华.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究.现代地质,2003,17(3):337~344Sun C Y,Huang X W,Nin B H.Gas hydrate and its geophysical recognition studies.Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,17(3):337~344
[16]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华.天然气水合物微观模式及其速度参数估算方法研究.地学前缘,2003,10(1):191~198Sun C Y,Zhang MY,Niu B H.Micro models of gas hydrate and their velocity estimation methods.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):191~198
[17]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华.天然气水合物地震空白带现象正演模型研究.地学前缘,2002,10(1):199~204Sun C Y,Zhang MY,Niu B H.Modeling of seismic blanking zone for gas hydrate.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2002,10(1):199~204
[18]马在田,耿建华,董良国,宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):1~8Ma Z T,Geng J H,Dong L G,Song H B.Seismic recognition studies on marine gas hydrate.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology(in Chinese),2002,22(1):1~8
[19]Minshull TA,Singh S C,Westbrook G K.Seismic velocitystructure at a gas hydrate reflector,offshore western Colombia,from full waveforminversion.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B3):4715~4734
[20]Willoughb E C,Edwards R N.Onthe resource evaluation of marine gas hydrate deposits using seafloor transient electric dipole-dipole methods.J.Geophysics,1997,62:63~74
[21]Andreassen K,Hart P,Mackay M.Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates.J.Marine Geology,1997,137:25~40
[22]孙春岩,黄新武,章明昱等.天然气水合物及其地球物理识别方法的研究进展.现代地质,2003,17(2):195~201Sun C Y,Huang X W,Zhang M Y,et al.Gas hydrate and its geophysical recognition studies.Geoscience(in Chinese),2003,17(2):195~201
[23]卢振海,吴必豪,祝有海.南海潜在天然气水合物成藏的成因及模式初探.矿床地质,2002,21(3):232~238Lu Z H,Wu B H,Zhu Y H.Preliminary discussion on origin and formation of potential gas hydrates in South China Sea.Mineral Deposit(in Chinese),2002,21(3):232~238
[24]祝有海,张光学,卢振全.南海天然气水合物成藏条件和找矿远景.石油学报,2001,22(5):6~10Zhu Y H,Zhang G X,Lu Z Q.Gas hydrate in South China Sea:Background andindicators.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(5):6~10
[25]Tinivella U,Accaino F.Compressional velocity structure and Possion s rationin marine sediments with gas hydrate andfree gas by inversion of reflected and refracted seismic data(South Shetland Islands,Antarctica).J.Marine Geology,2000,164:13~27
[26]文鹏飞.AVO处理与正演在西沙海槽水合物勘探中的应用[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003Wen P F.AVO Processing and forward modeling applied in gas hydratein the Xisha Ocean Trough[Master thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2003
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