库水模型及库水深度对拱坝动力响应的影响
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摘要
基于接触非线性有限元模型,以锦屏一级拱坝为例,库水分别采用附加质量模型、可压缩流体有限元模型、不可压缩流体有限元模型计算了正常蓄水位及运行低水位时坝体的动力响应,结果表明:库水模型对拱坝动力响应有较大影响,随库水深度的增大,各模型计算结果差异增大;相比于流体可压缩模型,采用不可压缩流体模型所得动力响应普遍偏大;运行低水位工况,由于静水压力减小导致拱效应减弱,从而降低了拱坝的整体性,因此运行低水位工况各缝开度普遍高于正常蓄水位工况,且其拉应力范围较大,因此,运行低水位工况将对抗震设计起控制作用。
Based on the contact nonlinear finite element model,the dynamic responses of Jinping arch dam in the case of normal water level and operating low water level were simulated by using additional mass model,compressible fluid finite element model and incompressible fluid finite element model for reservoir respectively.The results show that the effects of reservoir model on dynamic responses of arch dams are notable.The greater the reservoir depth is,the bigger the differences among them will be.Comparing with the compressible fluid finite element model,the incompressible one exaggerates the dynamic response.In the case of operating low water level,the integrity of arch dam is lowered due to the weakened arch effect.The opening width is greater than the case of normal water level.Meanwhile,the range of tensile stress is wide,so the case of operating low water level will control the seismic design.
Based on the contact nonlinear finite element model,the dynamic responses of Jinping arch dam in the case of normal water level and operating low water level were simulated by using additional mass model,compressible fluid finite element model and incompressible fluid finite element model for reservoir respectively.The results show that the effects of reservoir model on dynamic responses of arch dams are notable.The greater the reservoir depth is,the bigger the differences among them will be.Comparing with the compressible fluid finite element model,the incompressible one exaggerates the dynamic response.In the case of operating low water level,the integrity of arch dam is lowered due to the weakened arch effect.The opening width is greater than the case of normal water level.Meanwhile,the range of tensile stress is wide,so the case of operating low water level will control the seismic design.
引文
[1]王海波,李德玉.拱坝抗震设计理论与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[2]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis of arch dams:factors to be considered[C]∥The14th World Conf.on Earthquake Engineering,Beijing,2008.
[3]Westergaard H M.Water pressures on dams during earthquakes[J].Transactions,ASCE,1933,98:418-472.
[4]Clough R W.Reservoir interaction effects on the dynamic response of arch dams[C]∥Proceedings of China-US Bilateral Workshop on Earth-quake Engineering.1982:58-84.
[5]杜庆华,吴有生,冯振兴.流固耦合振动问题的某些工程处理方法[J].固体力学学报,1988,9(1):49-61.
[6]Akkōse Mehmet,Adanur Süleyman,Bayraktar Alemdar.Elasto-plastic earthquake response of arch dams including fluid-structure interaction by the Lagrangian Approach[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2008,32:2396-2412.
[7]陈江,张少杰,闵兴鑫.坝体-库水相互作用的流固耦合分析[J].西南科技大学学报,2009,24(1):13-19.
[8]Dowling M J,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1989,115(4):768-189.
[9]Fenves G L,Mojtahedi S,Reimer R B.ADAP-88:A computer program for nonlinear earthquake analysis of concrete arch dams[R].Report No.UCBPEERC89/02,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,at Berkeley,1989.
[10]Goodman R E,Taylor R L,Brekke T L.A model for the mechanics of jointed rock[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1968,94(3):637-659.
[11]Ghaboussi J,Wilson E L,Isenberg J.Finite element for rock joints and interfaces[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1973,99(10):833-848.
[12]陈厚群,李德玉,胡晓,等.有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,15(4):10-25.
[13]杜修力,涂劲,陈厚群.有缝拱坝-地基系统非线性地震波动反应分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):11-20.
[14]宋战平,李宁,陈飞熊,等.拱坝有缝坝体-坝基系统的非线性抗震分析[J].水利学报,2004,35(6):33-40.
[15]王刚,马震岳,张运良.考虑纵缝影响的重力坝静动力荷载组合作用分析[J].水利学报,2009,40(2):244-249.
[16]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34-38.
[17]闫晓荣,林皋,陈建云.一种考虑横缝非线性的接触模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(3):78-81,85.
[2]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis of arch dams:factors to be considered[C]∥The14th World Conf.on Earthquake Engineering,Beijing,2008.
[3]Westergaard H M.Water pressures on dams during earthquakes[J].Transactions,ASCE,1933,98:418-472.
[4]Clough R W.Reservoir interaction effects on the dynamic response of arch dams[C]∥Proceedings of China-US Bilateral Workshop on Earth-quake Engineering.1982:58-84.
[5]杜庆华,吴有生,冯振兴.流固耦合振动问题的某些工程处理方法[J].固体力学学报,1988,9(1):49-61.
[6]Akkōse Mehmet,Adanur Süleyman,Bayraktar Alemdar.Elasto-plastic earthquake response of arch dams including fluid-structure interaction by the Lagrangian Approach[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2008,32:2396-2412.
[7]陈江,张少杰,闵兴鑫.坝体-库水相互作用的流固耦合分析[J].西南科技大学学报,2009,24(1):13-19.
[8]Dowling M J,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1989,115(4):768-189.
[9]Fenves G L,Mojtahedi S,Reimer R B.ADAP-88:A computer program for nonlinear earthquake analysis of concrete arch dams[R].Report No.UCBPEERC89/02,Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,at Berkeley,1989.
[10]Goodman R E,Taylor R L,Brekke T L.A model for the mechanics of jointed rock[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1968,94(3):637-659.
[11]Ghaboussi J,Wilson E L,Isenberg J.Finite element for rock joints and interfaces[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1973,99(10):833-848.
[12]陈厚群,李德玉,胡晓,等.有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,15(4):10-25.
[13]杜修力,涂劲,陈厚群.有缝拱坝-地基系统非线性地震波动反应分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):11-20.
[14]宋战平,李宁,陈飞熊,等.拱坝有缝坝体-坝基系统的非线性抗震分析[J].水利学报,2004,35(6):33-40.
[15]王刚,马震岳,张运良.考虑纵缝影响的重力坝静动力荷载组合作用分析[J].水利学报,2009,40(2):244-249.
[16]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34-38.
[17]闫晓荣,林皋,陈建云.一种考虑横缝非线性的接触模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(3):78-81,85.
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