首都圈地区跨断层形变观测与地壳应力场
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摘要
通过首都圈地区11个跨断层测点的形变观测资料,将断层两盘作为不变形的刚体来分析断面相对滑动与地表两盘点位相对位移的定量关系,并以唐山地震及其余震为时间界限,将所得的断层滑动矢量分为2大时段,拟合区域2个不同时段的现今地壳上部应力状态,发现首都圈地区依据跨断层形变观测资料反演的地壳上部应力状态在唐山地震前后存在着较为明显的变化特征:1)第1时段(唐山地震及其余震期间),地壳应力状态以NNE-SSW向挤压,NWW-SEE向拉张为主要特征,反映该区构造应力场在NNE-SSW向的构造应力作用是逐渐增强的;在NWW-SEE向,其构造应力作用相对于NNE-SSW向有所减弱,表现为相对松弛状态。2)第2时段,在唐山地震及其余震之后的3个次级时段内,地壳上部应力状态以NNW-SSE向拉张为主要特征,表明在唐山地震及其余震之后,研究区的构造应力作用一直处于近SN向的松弛状态。
Based on the deformation observation data of 11 cross-fault survey points in the capital circle region and taking the two walls of fault as indeformable rigid block,we analyze the quantitative relation between the relative sliding of fault plane and relative displacement of the sites on the two walls on the ground surface,and then taking the Tangshan earthquake and its aftershocks as time-bound,we divide the fault slip complexor into two time-intervals,fit the regional stress state of the two different time-intervals in the upper crust and find that the stress state in the upper crust inverted by the data of cross-fault deformation observation has changed obviously after the Tangshan earthquake.1)In the first time interval(during Tangshan earthquake),the crustal stress state was characterized by NNE-SSW compressional stress and NWW-SSE extensional stress;the tectonic stress action in NNE-SSW direction was gradually enhancing,while in NWW-SEE direction,it was weakening and characterized by stress relaxation.2)In the second time interval,that is,in the 3 sub-time intervals after the Tangshan earthquake and its after-shocks,the upper crustal stress state was characterized by NNW-SSE extensional stress,indicating that in this time interval from the Tangshan earthquake and its after-shocks till now,the tectonic stress action of the region is all along in a relaxation state of NS direction.
Based on the deformation observation data of 11 cross-fault survey points in the capital circle region and taking the two walls of fault as indeformable rigid block,we analyze the quantitative relation between the relative sliding of fault plane and relative displacement of the sites on the two walls on the ground surface,and then taking the Tangshan earthquake and its aftershocks as time-bound,we divide the fault slip complexor into two time-intervals,fit the regional stress state of the two different time-intervals in the upper crust and find that the stress state in the upper crust inverted by the data of cross-fault deformation observation has changed obviously after the Tangshan earthquake.1)In the first time interval(during Tangshan earthquake),the crustal stress state was characterized by NNE-SSW compressional stress and NWW-SSE extensional stress;the tectonic stress action in NNE-SSW direction was gradually enhancing,while in NWW-SEE direction,it was weakening and characterized by stress relaxation.2)In the second time interval,that is,in the 3 sub-time intervals after the Tangshan earthquake and its after-shocks,the upper crustal stress state was characterized by NNW-SSE extensional stress,indicating that in this time interval from the Tangshan earthquake and its after-shocks till now,the tectonic stress action of the region is all along in a relaxation state of NS direction.
引文
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郭良迁.1998.断层活动应力轴的确定及首都圈应力场[J].东北地震研究,14(3):50—57.GUO Liang-qian.1998.Determinating stress axis of fault activity and stress field of the capital circle[J].Seismologi-cal Research of Northeast China,14(3):50—57(in Chinese).
李钦祖.1980.华北地壳应力场的基本特征[J].地球物理学报,23(4):376—387.LI Qin-zu.1980.The basic character of crustal stress field in North China[J].Chinese J Geophys,23(4):376—387(in Chinese).
李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.1982.华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场[J].地震学报,4(1):55—61.LI Qin-zu,JIN Ya-min,YU Xin-chang.1982.Focal mechanisms and crustal stress field in North China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,4(1):55—61(in Chinese).
王凯英,马瑾,顾国华,等.2003·1996年川滇地区发生的一次应力转向事件[J].地学前缘,10(特刊).231—239.WANG Kai-ying,MA Jin,GU Guo-hua,et al.2003.Rotation of stress axis in Sichuan-Yunnan Region in1996[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(Special issue).231—239(in Chinese).
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徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WUWei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.NewChanging of Crustal Tectonic and Earthquakes in Cap-ital circle[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
许忠淮.1985.用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场[J].地震学报,7(4):349—361.XU Zhong-huai.1985.The mean stress field in Tangshan aftershock area determined by fitting fault slip vector[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):349—361(in Chinese).
张超.1981.跨断层位移测量与局部断层活动[J].地震,5:24—25.ZHANG Chao.1981.Cross-fault displacement measurement and localized fault activity[J].Earthquake,5:24—25(in Chinese).
张超,过家元,谢新生,等.1987.应用短水准短基线测量监测断层现今活动的原理和方法[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1).北京:地震出版社.54—69.ZHANG Chao,GUO Jia-yuan,XIE Xin-sheng,et al.1987.The principle and method of monitoring the present faultactivity by leveling and short baseline observation[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA(ed).The Corpusof Crustal Tectonic and Crust Stress(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.54—69(in Chinese).
Angelier J.1979.Determination of the mean principal direction of stresses for a given fault population[J].Tectono-physics,56:17—26.
Angelier J.1984.Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets[J].J Geophys Res,89,B7:5835—5848.
Etchecopar A,Vasseur G and Daignieres M.1981.An inverse problem in microtectonics for the determination of stresstensors from fault striation analysis[J].J Struct Geol,3(1):51—55.
程万正,陈天长,魏娅玲,等.2003·2001年四川雅江6级地震的前震与余震震源参数的变化[J].地震学报,25(4):351—360.CHENG Wan-zheng,CHENTian-chang,WEI Ya-ling,et al.2003.Changes in source parameters of foreshocks and af-tershocks of the2001MS6·0Yajiang,Sichuan,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,25(4):351—360(inChinese).
崔效锋,谢富仁.2001·1976年唐山地震前后华北地区现代构造应力场的时空变化特征[J].中国地震,17(3):280—288.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren.2001.The space-time variations of present tectonic stress field in North China before andafter the1976Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,17(3):280—288(in Chinese).
崔效锋.2006.伽师及周围地区现代构造应力场特征研究[J].地震学报,28(4):347—356.CUI Xiao-feng.2006.Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in Jiashi,Xinjiang and adjacent regions[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,28(4):347—356(in Chinese).
郭良迁.1998.断层活动应力轴的确定及首都圈应力场[J].东北地震研究,14(3):50—57.GUO Liang-qian.1998.Determinating stress axis of fault activity and stress field of the capital circle[J].Seismologi-cal Research of Northeast China,14(3):50—57(in Chinese).
李钦祖.1980.华北地壳应力场的基本特征[J].地球物理学报,23(4):376—387.LI Qin-zu.1980.The basic character of crustal stress field in North China[J].Chinese J Geophys,23(4):376—387(in Chinese).
李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.1982.华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场[J].地震学报,4(1):55—61.LI Qin-zu,JIN Ya-min,YU Xin-chang.1982.Focal mechanisms and crustal stress field in North China[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,4(1):55—61(in Chinese).
王凯英,马瑾,顾国华,等.2003·1996年川滇地区发生的一次应力转向事件[J].地学前缘,10(特刊).231—239.WANG Kai-ying,MA Jin,GU Guo-hua,et al.2003.Rotation of stress axis in Sichuan-Yunnan Region in1996[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(Special issue).231—239(in Chinese).
谢富仁,刘光勋.1989.阿尔金断裂带中段区域新构造应力场分析[J].中国地震,5(3):26—36.XIE Fu-ren,LIU Guang-xun.1989.Analysis of neotectonic stress field in area of the central segment of Altun faultzone,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,5(3):26—36(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WUWei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.NewChanging of Crustal Tectonic and Earthquakes in Cap-ital circle[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
许忠淮.1985.用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场[J].地震学报,7(4):349—361.XU Zhong-huai.1985.The mean stress field in Tangshan aftershock area determined by fitting fault slip vector[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):349—361(in Chinese).
张超.1981.跨断层位移测量与局部断层活动[J].地震,5:24—25.ZHANG Chao.1981.Cross-fault displacement measurement and localized fault activity[J].Earthquake,5:24—25(in Chinese).
张超,过家元,谢新生,等.1987.应用短水准短基线测量监测断层现今活动的原理和方法[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1).北京:地震出版社.54—69.ZHANG Chao,GUO Jia-yuan,XIE Xin-sheng,et al.1987.The principle and method of monitoring the present faultactivity by leveling and short baseline observation[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA(ed).The Corpusof Crustal Tectonic and Crust Stress(1).Seismological Press,Beijing.54—69(in Chinese).
Angelier J.1979.Determination of the mean principal direction of stresses for a given fault population[J].Tectono-physics,56:17—26.
Angelier J.1984.Tectonic analysis of fault slip data sets[J].J Geophys Res,89,B7:5835—5848.
Etchecopar A,Vasseur G and Daignieres M.1981.An inverse problem in microtectonics for the determination of stresstensors from fault striation analysis[J].J Struct Geol,3(1):51—55.
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