北京高丽营断层事件年代学研究
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摘要
断层的活动时代是活动构造、古地震和新构造等研究中的重要内容 ,也是目前的难点所在。确定断层最新一次活动事件的年代通常有两种途径 :一是通过测定断层活动产物 (如断层泥、断层破碎物、崩积楔等 )的年龄来确定断层事件的年代 ;二是通过测定断层错动的最新地层及其上覆未错动的最老地层的年龄 ,来获得活动年代的上下限年龄。根据沿高丽营断层在房山坨里至永定河一带所观察到的活动断层的具体特征 ,分别采用了上述两种途径和相应的测年技术 ,给出了芦井、晓右营、辛开口和长辛店等地断层的最后一次活动的大致年代。高丽营断层至少有过 3次活动 ,分别发生在距今 2 70～ 36 0 ,130～ 140和 1.8～ 4 .2ka。
Dating the age of faulting is critical to the studies of active tectonics, paleoearthquake and neotectonics, but is sometimes difficult of access. At present, two methods are commonly used to date the age of the last faulting. The one is to date the direct products of faulting, such as fault gouge and colluvial wedge, while the other is to date the youngest sediment that was offset by faulting or the oldest sediment that was not affected by faulting. In the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, western Beijing, three types of faulting can be identified along the Gaoliying fault. The first type is that the fault displaces the older loess layer, but is covered by the younger loess layer, such as the cases at Lujing and Xiaoyouying. The second type is observed at Xinkaikou, where the fault offsets the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, but does not affect the Quaternary covering layer (loess). The third type is identified at Xinzhuang village, where the fault dissects the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, resulting in fault gouge, but no Quaternary sediment covering the faults. According to the types of faulting and the characteristics of sediments, two dating methods were used to date the ages of faulting events on the Gaoliying fault in the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, Beijing. Thermoluminescence dating method is suitable to dating eolian deposits, such as loess, and thus is used to date the loess samples affected by faulting or deposited after faulting. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating method is currently the most reliable method to date fault gouge, and thus is used to date the ages of fault gouges collected from Xinzhuang and Dayuanshang villages, respectively. Based on the ages of faulting, it is coucluded that at least 3 faulting events had occurred on the Gaoliying fault at 270～360ka B.P., 130～140ka B.P and 1.8～4.2ka B.P, respectively.
Dating the age of faulting is critical to the studies of active tectonics, paleoearthquake and neotectonics, but is sometimes difficult of access. At present, two methods are commonly used to date the age of the last faulting. The one is to date the direct products of faulting, such as fault gouge and colluvial wedge, while the other is to date the youngest sediment that was offset by faulting or the oldest sediment that was not affected by faulting. In the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, western Beijing, three types of faulting can be identified along the Gaoliying fault. The first type is that the fault displaces the older loess layer, but is covered by the younger loess layer, such as the cases at Lujing and Xiaoyouying. The second type is observed at Xinkaikou, where the fault offsets the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, but does not affect the Quaternary covering layer (loess). The third type is identified at Xinzhuang village, where the fault dissects the pre-Quaternary bedrocks, resulting in fault gouge, but no Quaternary sediment covering the faults. According to the types of faulting and the characteristics of sediments, two dating methods were used to date the ages of faulting events on the Gaoliying fault in the region from Tuoli to Yongdinghe River, Beijing. Thermoluminescence dating method is suitable to dating eolian deposits, such as loess, and thus is used to date the loess samples affected by faulting or deposited after faulting. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating method is currently the most reliable method to date fault gouge, and thus is used to date the ages of fault gouges collected from Xinzhuang and Dayuanshang villages, respectively. Based on the ages of faulting, it is coucluded that at least 3 faulting events had occurred on the Gaoliying fault at 270～360ka B.P., 130～140ka B.P and 1.8～4.2ka B.P, respectively.
引文
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LUYan chou,ZHANGJing zhao,XIEJun.1988.ThermoluminescencedatingofloessandpaleosolsfromtheLantiansec tion,ShanxiProvince,China〔J〕.QuaternaryScienceReviews,7:245～250.
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PrescottJR ,SlephanLG .1982.ContributionofCosmic raytoenvironmentaldoseforthermoluminescencedating,Lati tudeanddepthdependence〔J〕.CouncilofEuropeJournalPACT ,6:15～17.
RinkWJ.1997.Electronspinresonance(ESR)datingandESRapplicationsinQuaternaryscienceandarchaeometry〔J〕.RadiationMeasurements,27(5/6):975～1025.
WintleAG ,HuntleyDJ.1982.Thermoluminescencedatingofsediments〔J〕.QuaternaryScienceReviews,1:31～35.
CHENGuo xing,ZHENGChuan bei,RENLi sheng.1994.Astick slipmotionbytheendoflatePleistocenealongwesternsegmentoftheHuangzhuangGaoliyingfault,westernBeijing〔J〕.Earthquake,(3):23～28(inChinese).
陈以键,赵颇,卢景芬,等.1989.黄河小浪底水库区断层的ESR年龄测定〔J〕.地震地质,11(4):83～89.
CHENYi jian,ZHAOPo,LUJing fen,etal.1989.ESRdatingoffaultsintheareaofXiaolangdireservoirontheYellowRiver〔J〕.SeismologyandGeology,11(4):83～89(inChinese).
孔昭宸,杜乃秋,张子斌.1980.北京地区距今30000～10000年的植物群发展和气候变迁〔J〕.植物学报,22(4):39～46.
KONGZhao chen,DUNai qiu,ZHANGZi bin.1980.Thephytocoenosisdevelopmentandclimatechangefrom30kaB .P .to10kaB .P .inBeijing〔J〕.ActaBotanicaSinica,22(4):39～46(inChinese).
孔昭宸,杜乃秋,张子斌.1982.北京地区距今10000年以来的植物群发展和气候变化〔J〕.植物学报,24(2):172～180.
KONGZhao chen,DUNai qiu,ZHANGZi bin.1982.Thephytocoenosisdevelopmentandclimatechangesince10kaB .P .inBeijing〔J〕.ActaBotanicaSinica,23(2):172～180(inChinese).
AitkenMJ.1985.ThermoluminscenceDating〔M〕.London:AcademicPress,66～76,221～226.
FukuchiT .1989.ESRstudiesforabsolutedatingoffaultmovements〔J〕.JourGeolSoc,149:265～272.
GrunR .1989.PresentstatusofESRdating〔J〕.ApllRadiatIsot,40:1045～1056.
LUYan chou,ZHANGJing zhao,XIEJun.1988.ThermoluminescencedatingofloessandpaleosolsfromtheLantiansec tion,ShanxiProvince,China〔J〕.QuaternaryScienceReviews,7:245～250.
LUYan chou,PrescottJR ,RobertsonGB ,etal.1987.ThermoluminescencedatingoftheMalanLoessatZhaitang,China〔J〕.Geology,15:603～605.
PrescottJR ,RobertsonGB .1997.Sedimentdatingbyluminescence:Areview〔J〕.RadiationMeasurements,27(5/6):893～922.
PrescottJR ,SlephanLG .1982.ContributionofCosmic raytoenvironmentaldoseforthermoluminescencedating,Lati tudeanddepthdependence〔J〕.CouncilofEuropeJournalPACT ,6:15～17.
RinkWJ.1997.Electronspinresonance(ESR)datingandESRapplicationsinQuaternaryscienceandarchaeometry〔J〕.RadiationMeasurements,27(5/6):975～1025.
WintleAG ,HuntleyDJ.1982.Thermoluminescencedatingofsediments〔J〕.QuaternaryScienceReviews,1:31～35.
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