地震数据时频分析与分频处理
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摘要
在地震数据处理过程中,时频分析技术可较好地描述信号和噪声的频率随时间变化的规律,即时频分析可以细致地刻画数据中各类波的时频结构和性质,其重要性在于能直观地识别、检测和分类数据,因此,可采取有针对性的措施,以提高每一个步骤的处理精度。简述了时频分析的方法原理,介绍了适应于地震数据分析的窗函数的选取方法,并展示了分频噪声压制的应用效果,说明分频处理是提高数据处理保真度的有效方法。
Time-frequency analysis can be applied in seismic data processing to describe the temporal properties of both noise and signal, and show the time-frequency structure of different kinds of waves in detail. The importance of this analysis is that it can reveal intuitively the frequency and energy distribution along time direction, thus providing a solid base for designing a reasonable scheme in data processing so as to obtain a high precision result. In this paper, time-frequency analysis method is presented, and suitable ways of selecting window functions are also introduced. Noise attenuation in frequency-divisional way demonstrates the value of time-frequency analysis and shows its effectiveness in high-fidelity processing.
Time-frequency analysis can be applied in seismic data processing to describe the temporal properties of both noise and signal, and show the time-frequency structure of different kinds of waves in detail. The importance of this analysis is that it can reveal intuitively the frequency and energy distribution along time direction, thus providing a solid base for designing a reasonable scheme in data processing so as to obtain a high precision result. In this paper, time-frequency analysis method is presented, and suitable ways of selecting window functions are also introduced. Noise attenuation in frequency-divisional way demonstrates the value of time-frequency analysis and shows its effectiveness in high-fidelity processing.
引文
1 Qian S, Chen D. Joint time-frequency analysis [M]. New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1996. 2~9
2 Hardy H H, Beier R A, Gaston J D. Frequency estimates of seismic traces[J]. Geophysics, 2003, 68(1): 370-380
3邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明．联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中 的应用[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):246~250
4蔡希玲,赵波,贺振华,等．短频时间变换与地震信号分 析[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):414~421
5俞寿朋．宽带Ricker子波[J]．石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(5):605～616
6林盛,吴峰,李衍达．相干干扰滤除——倾斜滤波法 [A]．CPS／SEG／EAGE北京98国际地球物理会议,北 京,1998
7蔡希玲．声波与强能量干扰的分频自适应检测与压制方 法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):373~380
8印兴耀,张奎,张广智．联合时频分布及其属性的应用 [J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(10):522~526
2 Hardy H H, Beier R A, Gaston J D. Frequency estimates of seismic traces[J]. Geophysics, 2003, 68(1): 370-380
3邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明．联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中 的应用[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):246~250
4蔡希玲,赵波,贺振华,等．短频时间变换与地震信号分 析[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):414~421
5俞寿朋．宽带Ricker子波[J]．石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(5):605～616
6林盛,吴峰,李衍达．相干干扰滤除——倾斜滤波法 [A]．CPS／SEG／EAGE北京98国际地球物理会议,北 京,1998
7蔡希玲．声波与强能量干扰的分频自适应检测与压制方 法[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(4):373~380
8印兴耀,张奎,张广智．联合时频分布及其属性的应用 [J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(10):522~526
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