地震波探测地质构造复杂性的定量分析方法
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摘要
波在传播过程中与非均匀介质的相互作用是多年来地球物理研究的理论问题之一.用地震波探测地下地质结构时,介质的复杂性是相对于地震波长而言的.地震成像的效果与地下速度横向变化和地层的倾角密切相关.基于地震成像算子,研究地下非均匀介质复杂性的定量分析方法,实现定量表征地震成像过程中成像算子的角谱与地下介质地质非均质谱的相干作用.首先,将复杂地质构造表示为慢度非均质谱和倾角非均质谱,以此量化速度横向变化和地层倾角变化分布.其次,通过频散方程分析建立地震成像算子的角谱函数,以此描述其成像精度随慢度和传播角度的变化规律.最后,通过地下复杂构造的地质非均质谱与地震成像算子角谱的点积运算来定义该成像算子对给定地区复杂构造介质的成像效率η,其值越大,说明地震波的探测能力越强,复杂构造的地质复杂性就越小.因此,与地震成像效率相对应的非均匀介质变化的复杂系数可定义为?=1?η,从而实现对地下复杂介质地震探测复杂性的定量评估.
引文
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2Chouet B.Temporal variation in the attenuation of earthquake coda near Stone Canyon,California.Geophys Res Lett,1979,6:143—146
3Dainty A M.A scattering model to explain seismic Q observations in the lithosphere between1and30Hz.Geophys Res Lett,1981,8:1126—1128
4Sato H,Fehler M C.Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth.New York:Springer,2000
5Bouchon M.Effect of topography on surface motion.Bull Seismol Soc Am,1973,63:615—632
6Kennett B L N.Guided wave propagation in laterally varying mediaⅠ:theoretical development.Geophys J Roy Astr Soc,1984,79:235—255
7Campillo M.Lg wave propagation in a laterally varying crust and the distribution of the apparent quality factor in Central France.J Geophys Res,1987,92:12604—12614
8FlattéS M,Wu R S,Shen Z K.Nonlinear inversion of phase and amplitude coherence functions at NORSAR for a model of nonuni-form heterogeneities.Geophys Res Lett,1991,18:1269—1272
9Holliger K,Levander A R.A stochastic view of lower crustal fabric based on evidence from the Ivrea Zone.Geophys Res Lett,1992,19:1153—1156
10Goff J A,Holliger K,Levander A.Modal fields:a new method for characterization of random seismic velocity heterogeneity.Geophys Res Lett,1994,21:493—496
11Claerbout J F.Coarse grid calculation of waves in inhomogeneous media with application to delineation of complicated seismic struc-ture.Geophysics,1970,35:407—418
12Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1982
13马在田.高阶有限差分偏移.石油地球物理勘探,1982,17:6—15
14张关泉.利用低阶偏微分方程组的大倾角差分偏移.地球物理学报,1986,29:273—282
15Bleistein N.On the imaging of reflectors in the Earth.Geophysics,1987,52:931—942
16Gray S H,Etgen J,Dellinger J,et al.Seismic migration problems and solutions.Geophysics,2001,66:1622—1640
17Stolt R H.Seismic data mapping and reconstruction.Geophysics,2002,67:890—908
18Weglein A B,Fernanda V A,Carvalho P M,et al.Inverse scattering series and seismic exploration.Inv Probl,2003,19:27—83
19Revenaugh J.A scattered-wave image of subduction beneath the Transverse Ranges.Science,1995,268:1888—1892
20Bostock M G,Rondenay S.Migration of scattered teleseismic body waves.Geophys J Int,1999,137:732—746
21McCoy J J.A parabolic theory of stress wave propagation through inhomogeneous linearly elastic solids.J Appl Mech,1977,44:462—468
22Tappert F D.The parabolic approximation method.In:Keller J B,Papadakis J S,eds.Wave Propagation and Underwater Acoustics.New York:Springer-Verlag,1977.224—287
23Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Wave field extrapolation techniques for inhomogeneous media which include critical angle events.PartⅠ:methods using the one-way wave equations.Geophys Prospect,1985,33:1138—1159
24Wu R S.Wide-angle elastic wave one-way propagation in heterogeneous media and an elastic wave complex-screen method.J Geophys Res,1994,99:751—766
25de Hoop M V,Le Rousseau J H,Wu R S.Generalization of the phase-screen approximation for the scattering of acoustic waves.Wave Motion,2000,31:43—70
26Wu R S,Xu Z,Li X P.Heterogeneity spectrum and scale-anisotropy in the upper crust revealed by the German Continental Deep-Drilling(KTB)Holes.Geophys Res Lett,1994,21:911—914
27Prewitt J M S.Object enhancement and extraction.In:Lipkin B S,Rosenfeld A,eds.Picture Processing and Psychopictorics.New York:Academic Press,1970
28Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,de Luna Freire R M,et al.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55:410—421
29Wu R S,Jin S,Xie X B.Seismic wave propagation and scattering in heterogeneous crustal wave guides using screen propagators-Ⅰ.SH waves.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2000,90:401—413
30Fu L Y,Duan Y.Fourier depth migration methods with application to salt-related complex geological structures.72th Annual Interna-tional Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2002.895—898
31Fu L Y.Comparison of different one-way propagators for wave forward propagation in heterogeneous crustal wave guides.Bull Seismol Soc Am,2006,96:1091—1113
32符力耘,孙伟家,李东平.退化的Fourier偏移算子及其在复杂断块成像中的应用.地球物理学报,2007,50:1241—1250
33Thomson D J.Wide-angle parabolic equation solutions to two range-dependent benchmark problems.J Acoust Soc Am,1990,87:1514—1520
34Collins M D.A split-step Padésolution for the parabolic equation method.J Acoust Soc Am,1993,93:1736—1742
35Ristow D,Rühl T.Fourier finite-difference migration.Geophysics,1994,59:1882—1893
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