南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析
摘要
南海东北部首次成功实施海陆联合深地震探测 ,填补了海陆过渡带深地震探测的空白 .利用该次海陆联测地震数据 ,通过数据处理、震相分析、射线追踪、走时模拟等方法 ,获得了滨海断裂带附近的纵波地壳速度结构 ,探明了海陆联测剖面中滨海断裂带可能位置 .地壳速度结构为陆壳结构 ,地壳厚度由陆地向海区逐步变薄 ;在上地壳下部普遍存在一层速度为 5 .5～ 5 .9km·s-1、厚度为 2 .5～ 4 .0km的低速层 ,并向海区方向减薄 ,该区未发现明显的高速层 .滨海断裂带为一纵向低速带 ,位于南澳台东南 35km处 ,对应于重、磁异常带 ,断裂带断至莫霍面 ,是华南陆区正常型陆壳与海区减薄型陆壳的分界地壳断裂 .
The onshore-offshore deep seismic experiment was carried out for the first time and filled the blankness of the seismic surveys in the transition area between South China and northeastern South China Sea. The seismic data were analyzed and processed. The different seismic phases were identified and their travel time arrivals were modeled by ray-tracing to study the P-wave velocity crustal structure of this area. The crustal structure of this area is the continental crust. The crust thickness is gradually decreasing southward along the on-shore-offshore seismic line. The low-velocity layer(5.5～5.9 km·s -1)exists generally in the middle crust (about 10.0～18.0km)with about 2.5～4.0 km thickness, which is also thinning seaward. No obvious high-velocity layer appears in the lower crust. The Binhai (littoral) fault zone is a low velocity zone, which is located about 35km southeast to the Nan’ao station and corresponding to the gradient belt of gravity & magnetism anomalies. The depth of the fault zone is close to the Moho discontinuity. The littoral fault zone is a boundary between the normal continental crust of South China and the thinned continental crust of the sea area.
The onshore-offshore deep seismic experiment was carried out for the first time and filled the blankness of the seismic surveys in the transition area between South China and northeastern South China Sea. The seismic data were analyzed and processed. The different seismic phases were identified and their travel time arrivals were modeled by ray-tracing to study the P-wave velocity crustal structure of this area. The crustal structure of this area is the continental crust. The crust thickness is gradually decreasing southward along the on-shore-offshore seismic line. The low-velocity layer(5.5～5.9 km·s -1)exists generally in the middle crust (about 10.0～18.0km)with about 2.5～4.0 km thickness, which is also thinning seaward. No obvious high-velocity layer appears in the lower crust. The Binhai (littoral) fault zone is a low velocity zone, which is located about 35km southeast to the Nan’ao station and corresponding to the gradient belt of gravity & magnetism anomalies. The depth of the fault zone is close to the Moho discontinuity. The littoral fault zone is a boundary between the normal continental crust of South China and the thinned continental crust of the sea area.
引文
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[21] 夏戡原.南海地壳类型与结构特征.见:龚再升,李思田,夏戡原等著.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997.12～26XiaKY .TypesandstructurefeaturesofthecrustintheSouthChinaSea.In:GongZS ,LiST ,XiaKY ,etal.ed.ContinentalMarginBasinAnalysisandHydrocarbonAccumulationoftheNorthernChinaSea.Beijing:SciencePress,1997.12～26
[22] 顾芷娟,郭才华,李 彪等.壳内低速高导层成因初步探讨.中国科学(B辑),1995,25(1):108～112GuZJ,GuoCH ,LiB ,etal.Preliminarystudyonthecauseofformationoflowvelocitylayerinthecrust.ScienceinChina(SeriesB)(inChinese),1995,25(1):108～112
[23] 滕吉文著.固体地球物理学概论.北京:地震出版社,2003.186～193TengJW .IntroductiontoSolidGeophysics(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2003.186～193
[24] 赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原等.南海东北部滨海断裂带的研究现状与展望.华南地震,2003,23(1):20～27ZhaoMH ,QiuXL ,XiaKY ,etal.TheresearchsituationandprospectontheBinhaifaultbeltofNESouthChinaSea.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology(inChinese),2003,23(1):20～27
[25] QiuXL ,ShiXB ,YanP ,etal.RecentprogressofdeepseismicexperimentsandstudiesofcrustalstructureinnorthernSouthChinaSea.ProgressinNaturalScience,2003,13(7):231～236
[2] 李唐根,邱 燕,姚永坚.大地构造特征.见:刘光鼎主编.中国海域及邻域地球物理特征.北京:科学出版社,1992.248～271LiTG ,QiuY ,YaoYJ.Geotectonicfeatures.In:LiuGDed.GeophysicalFieldFeaturesofChinaSeaandAdjacentRegions(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress,1992.248～271
[3] 曾维军.广州—巴拉望地学断面.见:刘光鼎主编.中国海域及邻域地球物理特征.北京:科学出版社,1992.272～288ZengWJ.GuangzhouPalawanGeoscienceTransect.In:LiuGDed.GeophysicalFieldFeaturesofChinaSeaandAdjacentRegions(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress,1992.272～288
[4] 吴进民.南海地质构造深化的若干问题.见:陈 等主编.寸丹集(庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集).北京:科学出版社.1998.61～73WuJM .SomeproblemsonthegeologicaltectonicevolutioninSouthChinaSea.In:ChenY ,etal.ed.Cundancollections—Celebratingthe50 thanniversaryofAcademicianLiuGuangding’sresearchwork(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress,1998.61～73
[5] 廖其林,王振明,王屏路等.福州—泉州—汕头地区地壳结构的爆炸地震研究.地球物理学报,1988,31(3):270～280LiaoQL ,WangZM ,WangPL ,etal.ExplosiveseismicstudyofthecrustalstructureinFuzhouQuanzhouShantouregion.ChineseJ .Geophy.(ActaGeophysicaSinica)(inChinese),1988,31(3):270～280
[6] 尹周勋,赖明惠,熊绍柏等.华南连县—博罗—港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果.地球物理学报,1999,42(3):383～392YinZX ,LaiMH ,XiongSB ,etal.CrustalstructureandvelocitydistributionbasedondeepseismicsoundingalongtheLianxianBoluoGangkouprofileinsouthernChina.ChineseJ .Geophys.(inChinese),1999,42(3):383～392
[7] YanP ,ZhouD ,LiuZ .AcrustalstructureprofileacrossthenortherncontinentalmarginoftheSouthChinaSea.Tectonophysics,2001,338:1～21
[8] NissenSS ,HayesDE ,YaoB ,etal.Gravity,heatflow,andseismicconstrainsontheprocessofcrustalextension:NorthearnmarginoftheSouthChinaSea.JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1995,100(B11):22447～22483
[9] ChenAT ,NakamuraY .VelocitystructurebeneatheasternoffshoreofsouthernTaiwanbasedonOBSdataanditstectonicsignificance.TAO ,1998,9(3):409～424
[10] 姚伯初,曾维军,HayesDE等著.中美合作调研南海地质专报.北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994.1～203YaoBC ,ZengWJ ,HayesDE ,etal.TheGeologicalMemoirofSouthChinaSeaSurveyJointlybyChina&USA (inChinese).Beijing:ChinaUniversityofGeosciencesPress,1994.1～203
[11] HayesDE ,NissenSS ,BuhlP ,etal.ThroughgoingcrustalfaultsalongthenorthernmarginoftheSouthChinaSeaandtheirroleincrustalextension.J.Geophys.,Res.1995,100(B11):22435～22446
[12] NakamuraY ,McIntoshK ,ChenAT .PreliminaryresultsofalargeoffsetseismicsurveywestofHengchunPeninsula,southernTaiwan.TAO ,1998,9(3):395～408
[13] 夏戡原,周 蒂,苏达权等.莺歌海盆地速度结构及其结油气勘探的意义.科学通报,1998,43(4):361～367XiaKY ,ZhouD ,SuDQ ,etal.ThevelocitystructureoftheYinggehaibasinanditshydrocarbonimplication.ChineseScienceBulletin(inChinese),1998,43(4):361～367
[14] 龚再升,李思田,夏戡原等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997GongZS ,LiST ,XiaKY ,etal.ContinentalMarginBasinAnalysisandHydrocarbonAccumulationoftheNorthernSouthChinaSea(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress,1997
[15] 丘学林,赵明辉,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测.大地构造与成矿学,2003,24(4):295～302QiuXL ,ZhaoMH ,YeCM ,etal.Oceanbottomseismometerandonshore offshoreseismicexperimentinnortheasternSouthChinaSea.GeotectonicaetMetallogenia(inChinese),2003,24(4):295～302
[16] NakamuraY ,DonohoPL ,RoperPH ,etal.Large offsetseismicsurveyingusingocean bottomseismographsandairguns:Instrumentationandfieldtechnique.Geophysics,1987,52:1601～1611
[17] 赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原等.南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果.热带海洋学报,2004,23(1):58～63ZhaoMH ,QiuXL ,XiaKY ,etal.Onshore offshoreseismicdataprocessingandthepreliminaryresultsofNESouthChinaSea.JournalofTropicalOceanography(inChinese),2004,23(1):58～63
[18] 曾融生著.固体地球物理学.北京:科学出版社,1984.54～57ZengRS .SolidEarthGeophysics(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress,1984.54～57
[19] 王 平,夏戡原,张毅祥等.南海东北部深部构造与中新生代沉积盆地.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):59～65WangP ,XiaKY ,ZhangYX ,etal.RelationshipbetweenthedeepstructureandCenozoic/MesozoicsedimentbasinsintheNortheasternSouthChinaSea.MarineGeology&QuaternaryGeology(inChinese),2002,22(4):59～65
[20] HuangCY ,XiaKY ,YuanPB ,etal.StructuralevolutionfromPaleogeneextensiontolatestMiocene recentarc continentcollisionoffshoreTaiwan:comparisonwithonlandgeology.JournalofAsianEarthSciences,2001,19:619～639
[21] 夏戡原.南海地壳类型与结构特征.见:龚再升,李思田,夏戡原等著.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997.12～26XiaKY .TypesandstructurefeaturesofthecrustintheSouthChinaSea.In:GongZS ,LiST ,XiaKY ,etal.ed.ContinentalMarginBasinAnalysisandHydrocarbonAccumulationoftheNorthernChinaSea.Beijing:SciencePress,1997.12～26
[22] 顾芷娟,郭才华,李 彪等.壳内低速高导层成因初步探讨.中国科学(B辑),1995,25(1):108～112GuZJ,GuoCH ,LiB ,etal.Preliminarystudyonthecauseofformationoflowvelocitylayerinthecrust.ScienceinChina(SeriesB)(inChinese),1995,25(1):108～112
[23] 滕吉文著.固体地球物理学概论.北京:地震出版社,2003.186～193TengJW .IntroductiontoSolidGeophysics(inChinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2003.186～193
[24] 赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原等.南海东北部滨海断裂带的研究现状与展望.华南地震,2003,23(1):20～27ZhaoMH ,QiuXL ,XiaKY ,etal.TheresearchsituationandprospectontheBinhaifaultbeltofNESouthChinaSea.SouthChinaJournalofSeismology(inChinese),2003,23(1):20～27
[25] QiuXL ,ShiXB ,YanP ,etal.RecentprogressofdeepseismicexperimentsandstudiesofcrustalstructureinnorthernSouthChinaSea.ProgressinNaturalScience,2003,13(7):231～236
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