美国Cypress高架桥地震倒塌的仿真分析
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摘要
取美国Cypress高架桥的地震倒塌来验证如下结构倒塌分析模型:建立基于广义函数的单元混合铰模型,来描述倒塌过程中的不连续位移场,参照当前无应力构形建立控制方程,引入拉格朗日乘子来分析倒塌过程中的接触碰撞。输入该桥的结构参数和Emeryville处的地面强震记录,经程序分析输出各个时刻各构件的端点坐标,再通过可视化动态演示系统直观地再现Cypress高架桥倒塌的全过程。结果与加州大学伯克莱分校地震工程研究中心等推测的倒塌过程吻合,证明了结构倒塌分析模型的正确性和实用性。最后讨论了该桥倒塌的原因、构件碰撞引起的层加速度突变以及强震持时对结构薄弱层的影响等问题。
The collapse of the Cypress Viaduct is employed to test the following structural collapse analysis model:a mixed hinge model based on generalized functions is proposed to describe discontinuous displacements;the governing equations are built in the current unstressed configuration;a Lagrange multiplier approach is adopted for the analysis of collisions.After both the viaduct parameters and the ground acceleration recorded at Emeryville are input to the corresponding program,the changing coordinates of each member end during the collapse process are obtained.Visualized clearly by the Visualization of Dynamic Demo Show,the collapse process is consistent with the speculation of the Earthquake Engineering Research Center from UC Berkeley,which proves the validity and utility of the present models.Based on the results,some issues,such as the reason of the collapse,sharp changes of the frame accelerations when collisions happena,nd the effects of earthquake lasting times on the weak parts of the structures,are discussed.
The collapse of the Cypress Viaduct is employed to test the following structural collapse analysis model:a mixed hinge model based on generalized functions is proposed to describe discontinuous displacements;the governing equations are built in the current unstressed configuration;a Lagrange multiplier approach is adopted for the analysis of collisions.After both the viaduct parameters and the ground acceleration recorded at Emeryville are input to the corresponding program,the changing coordinates of each member end during the collapse process are obtained.Visualized clearly by the Visualization of Dynamic Demo Show,the collapse process is consistent with the speculation of the Earthquake Engineering Research Center from UC Berkeley,which proves the validity and utility of the present models.Based on the results,some issues,such as the reason of the collapse,sharp changes of the frame accelerations when collisions happena,nd the effects of earthquake lasting times on the weak parts of the structures,are discussed.
引文
[1]刘西拉.结构工程学科的现状与展望[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.(Liu Xila.The Status and Prospects of Structural Engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[2]Bollo M E,Mahin S A,Moehle J P,et al.Observations and Implications of Tests on the Cypress Street Viaduct Test Structure[M].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1990.
[3]George H.Competing Against Time:Report to Governor George Deukmejian from The Governors′Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Sacramento,State of California:Office of Planning and Research,1990.158–167.
[4]Kunnath S K,Gross J L.Inelastic response of the Cypress Viaduct to the Loma Prieta Earthquake[J].Engineering Structures,1995,17(7):485–493.
[5]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构倒塌分析中的几个问题[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(10):1 578–1 582.(Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Some issues in the collapse analysis of frame structure[J].Chinese Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2001,35(10):1 578–1 582.(in Chinese))
[6]张雷明.灾害荷载下结构倒塌机制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,1999.(Zhang Leiming.Researches on the collapse mechanisms of structures under disastrous loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999.(in Chinese))
[7]美国地震工程研究会.洛马普里埃塔地震考察[M].中国石油化工总公司抗震办公室译.北京:地震出版社,1991.(Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.A Survey of the Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Translated by Earthquake Resistant Office of Sinopec Corp.,Beijing:Earthquake Press,1991.(in Chinese))
[8]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.(Fan Lichu.Earthquake Resistance of Bridges[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[9]Nims D K,Miranda E,Aiken L D,et al.Collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct as a Result of the Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1989.
[10]邱彦程.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析之结果程序设计与动态演示[博士学位论文][D].上海:上海交通大学土木工程系,2004.(Qiu Yancheng.Program design and dynamic demo of analysis on the collapse of reinforced concrete structure[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Department of Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]Bollo M E,Mahin S A,Moehle J P,et al.Observations and Implications of Tests on the Cypress Street Viaduct Test Structure[M].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1990.
[3]George H.Competing Against Time:Report to Governor George Deukmejian from The Governors′Board of Inquiry on the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Sacramento,State of California:Office of Planning and Research,1990.158–167.
[4]Kunnath S K,Gross J L.Inelastic response of the Cypress Viaduct to the Loma Prieta Earthquake[J].Engineering Structures,1995,17(7):485–493.
[5]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构倒塌分析中的几个问题[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(10):1 578–1 582.(Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Some issues in the collapse analysis of frame structure[J].Chinese Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2001,35(10):1 578–1 582.(in Chinese))
[6]张雷明.灾害荷载下结构倒塌机制研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,1999.(Zhang Leiming.Researches on the collapse mechanisms of structures under disastrous loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999.(in Chinese))
[7]美国地震工程研究会.洛马普里埃塔地震考察[M].中国石油化工总公司抗震办公室译.北京:地震出版社,1991.(Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.A Survey of the Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Translated by Earthquake Resistant Office of Sinopec Corp.,Beijing:Earthquake Press,1991.(in Chinese))
[8]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.(Fan Lichu.Earthquake Resistance of Bridges[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[9]Nims D K,Miranda E,Aiken L D,et al.Collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct as a Result of the Loma Prieta Earthquake[M].Berkeley:Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1989.
[10]邱彦程.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析之结果程序设计与动态演示[博士学位论文][D].上海:上海交通大学土木工程系,2004.(Qiu Yancheng.Program design and dynamic demo of analysis on the collapse of reinforced concrete structure[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Department of Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,2004.(in Chinese))
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