双相介质的AVO资料中蕴含的流体信息的定量分析
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摘要
振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)弹性参数的反演是储层预测的一个重要方法.利用正演技术分析双相介质的地震资料中含有的流体信息,有助于提高AVO弹性参数反演的可靠性.本文应用Russell推出的计算纵波反射系数的AV0线性近似公式,对双相介质的纵波资料中所含有的流体信息进行定量分析,研究从AVO资料的反演中可以确定哪些弹性参数或它们的组合关系.文中考虑的弹性参数有流体因子、剪切模量和密度三者的相对扰动量.在时间域内对反射系数的正演计算公式进行线性化,得到灵敏度矩阵,并用奇异值分解(SVD)计算其特征值和特征向量来分析弹性参数的反演.由计算结果可知,在入射角较小时由AVO资料反演只能得到流体因子和密度两者的相对扰动量;若想同时获得三个参数的相对扰动量,就必须增大入射角.
The inversion of AVO elastic parameters is an important way to reservoir prediction. Analyzing the fluid information contained in porous medium seismic data by forward technique can help improve the reliability of AVO elastic parameter inversion. With Russell approximate formula for reflection coefficient estimation, we analyse quantitatively the fluid information contained in the P-wave data of porous media and analyse which elastic parameters or their combination can be determined. Elastic parameters involved in the paper are the relative perturbation of the fluid factor, shear modulus and density. In the time domain, the forward estimation formula of reflection coefficient is linearized to obtain the sensitivity matrix, whose eigenvalue and eigenvector can be calculated by SVD. Eigenvalue and eigenvector can be used to analyse inversion of elastic parameters. The results show that we can obtain perturbations of two elastic parameters for small incident angles. If we want to obtain three perturbations, the incident angel should be increased.
The inversion of AVO elastic parameters is an important way to reservoir prediction. Analyzing the fluid information contained in porous medium seismic data by forward technique can help improve the reliability of AVO elastic parameter inversion. With Russell approximate formula for reflection coefficient estimation, we analyse quantitatively the fluid information contained in the P-wave data of porous media and analyse which elastic parameters or their combination can be determined. Elastic parameters involved in the paper are the relative perturbation of the fluid factor, shear modulus and density. In the time domain, the forward estimation formula of reflection coefficient is linearized to obtain the sensitivity matrix, whose eigenvalue and eigenvector can be calculated by SVD. Eigenvalue and eigenvector can be used to analyse inversion of elastic parameters. The results show that we can obtain perturbations of two elastic parameters for small incident angles. If we want to obtain three perturbations, the incident angel should be increased.
引文
[1] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,等.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508-514． Song J G, Wang Y X, Qiao Y L, et al. Advances in AVO technique[J]. Progress in geophysics,2008,23(2) : 508-514．
[2] 李敏锋,刘学伟,童庆佳,等.单相介质AVO反演的精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :567-572． Li M F, Liu X W, Tong Q J, et al. The precision analyses of AVO inversion in one-phase medium [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007 ,22(2) : 567-572．
[3] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸岩盐储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M, Li Y L, Wu S H, et al. Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008, 51(3) :881-885．
[4] 姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :314-318． Jiang X D, Liu Y, Wei X C, et al. A P-wave velocity and poisson ratio nonlinear inversion method [J]. Progress in geophysics,2005,20(2) : 314-318．
[5] 王新红.弹性波阻抗反演在稠油热采地震监测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展。2007,22(1) :186-191． Wang X H. Application of elastic impendence inversion in seismic monitoring of the heavy-oil thermal recovery [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007 ,22(1) :186-191．
[6] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294-300． Ma L J, Zheng H R, Chen X. The new progress of seismic forecast technology of subtle traps[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(1) :294-300．
[7] Ursin B, et al. The information contains in the matrix of elastic reflection[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 62nd SEG Mtg, 1992,796-799．
[8] Debski W, Tarantola A. Information on elastic parameters obstained from the amplitudes of reflected waves [J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(6) : 1426-1436．
[9] Nicolao A D, Drufuca G, Rocca F. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of linearized elastic invension [J]. Geophysics, 1993,58(5) :670-679．
[10] Lanch J O B. Inversion and AVO in attenuating media[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 68~(th) SEG Mtg, AVO2,1998．
[11] 顾汉明,王家映,江涛,等.海底多波多分量AVO蕴含弹性参数信息的定量分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1) :56-63． Gu H M, Wang J Y, Jiang T, et al. Quantitative analysis of elastic parameter informations contained in AVO of sea-bottom multiwave component seismic data [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(1) : 56-63．
[12] Russell B, Hedlin K, Hilterman F, et al.. Fluid-property discrimination with AVO: A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J], Geophysics,2003,68(1) :29-39．
[13] Russell B, Gray D, Hampson D, et al. Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J]. CREWES Research Report,2006,18:1-24．
[2] 李敏锋,刘学伟,童庆佳,等.单相介质AVO反演的精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :567-572． Li M F, Liu X W, Tong Q J, et al. The precision analyses of AVO inversion in one-phase medium [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) , 2007 ,22(2) : 567-572．
[3] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸岩盐储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881-885． Peng Z M, Li Y L, Wu S H, et al. Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008, 51(3) :881-885．
[4] 姜秀娣,刘洋,魏修成,等.一种同时反演纵波速度和泊松比的方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :314-318． Jiang X D, Liu Y, Wei X C, et al. A P-wave velocity and poisson ratio nonlinear inversion method [J]. Progress in geophysics,2005,20(2) : 314-318．
[5] 王新红.弹性波阻抗反演在稠油热采地震监测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展。2007,22(1) :186-191． Wang X H. Application of elastic impendence inversion in seismic monitoring of the heavy-oil thermal recovery [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007 ,22(1) :186-191．
[6] 马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :294-300． Ma L J, Zheng H R, Chen X. The new progress of seismic forecast technology of subtle traps[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(1) :294-300．
[7] Ursin B, et al. The information contains in the matrix of elastic reflection[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 62nd SEG Mtg, 1992,796-799．
[8] Debski W, Tarantola A. Information on elastic parameters obstained from the amplitudes of reflected waves [J]. Geophysics, 1995,60(6) : 1426-1436．
[9] Nicolao A D, Drufuca G, Rocca F. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of linearized elastic invension [J]. Geophysics, 1993,58(5) :670-679．
[10] Lanch J O B. Inversion and AVO in attenuating media[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 68~(th) SEG Mtg, AVO2,1998．
[11] 顾汉明,王家映,江涛,等.海底多波多分量AVO蕴含弹性参数信息的定量分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1) :56-63． Gu H M, Wang J Y, Jiang T, et al. Quantitative analysis of elastic parameter informations contained in AVO of sea-bottom multiwave component seismic data [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(1) : 56-63．
[12] Russell B, Hedlin K, Hilterman F, et al.. Fluid-property discrimination with AVO: A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J], Geophysics,2003,68(1) :29-39．
[13] Russell B, Gray D, Hampson D, et al. Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J]. CREWES Research Report,2006,18:1-24．
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