东亚北部地区现代板块构造的运动学分析
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摘要
从原欧亚板块划出阿穆利亚微板块，并建立一个包括太平洋、北美、欧亚、鄂霍次克及菲律宾海等板块在内的６板块系统，利用地震滑移矢量，转换断层走向，洋中脊扩展速率，以及最新的ＧＰＳ观测资料，采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ盒子法，反演得到该６板块系统的欧拉运动矢量．本文得到的有关欧拉矢量为：ＡＭ-ＥＵ（６０．４２°Ｎ，１２３．２５°Ｅ，０．０２５°／Ｍａ），ＡＭ-ＯＫ（５３．２０°Ｎ，１４１．９５°Ｅ，０．４７６°／Ｍａ）以及ＡＭ-ＰＨ（５０．８４°Ｎ，１５８.１３°Ｅ，１.２０４°／Ｍａ），ＡＭ－ＥＵ的欧拉运动极点位于贝加尔隆起的东北及斯塔诺夫山脉的西北，并给出在贝加尔隆起有０．４－０．７ｍｍ／ａ的扩张，与从地质学证据得到的估计结果一致；由ＡＭ－ＯＫ及ＡＭ－ＰＨ欧拉运动矢量可以分别得到日本海东缘的６-１５ｍｍ／ａ及日本南海地槽带的５１－６６ｍｍ／ａ收敛速率，与最新的ＧＰＳ观测结果并不一致．因此，东亚北部地区存在独立的南中国微板块及其它亚尺度的微板块，可以更好地描述该地区现今板块构造的运动规律．
The Amurian microplate can be discriminated from the Eurasian plate.We thus set up a 6-plate system including Pacific, North American, Eurasian,Philippine Sea, Okhotsk and Amurian plates. By means of the earthquake slip vectors,transform fault azimuths, spreading rates and the latest GPS data, we get the Eulervectors describing motions of this 6-plate system by using the Monte-Carlo Boxmethod. Some Euler vectors obtained in this study are: AM-EU (60.42°N, 123.25°E,0.025°/ Ma), AM--OK (53.20°N, 141.95°E, 0. 476°/ Ma), and AM-PH (50.84°N,158.13°E, 1.204°/ Ma). The AM-EU pole is located to northeast of the Baikal Riftand to the northwest of the Stanovoy Range. The results of this study imply that theBaikal Rift is extending at a rate of 0.4-0.7mm / a, which are consistent with thegeologically estimated rates. The AM-OK and AM-PH Euler vectors show 6-15mm/a of convergence rate in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea and 51-66mm/ a ofconvergence rate along the Nankai Trough, respectively, which are not consistent withthe latest observed GPS data. An independent South China microplate or othermicroplates, which are discriminated from the Eurasian plate, are accordingly helpfulin describing the current plate motions of the Northeastern Asia.
The Amurian microplate can be discriminated from the Eurasian plate.We thus set up a 6-plate system including Pacific, North American, Eurasian,Philippine Sea, Okhotsk and Amurian plates. By means of the earthquake slip vectors,transform fault azimuths, spreading rates and the latest GPS data, we get the Eulervectors describing motions of this 6-plate system by using the Monte-Carlo Boxmethod. Some Euler vectors obtained in this study are: AM-EU (60.42°N, 123.25°E,0.025°/ Ma), AM--OK (53.20°N, 141.95°E, 0. 476°/ Ma), and AM-PH (50.84°N,158.13°E, 1.204°/ Ma). The AM-EU pole is located to northeast of the Baikal Riftand to the northwest of the Stanovoy Range. The results of this study imply that theBaikal Rift is extending at a rate of 0.4-0.7mm / a, which are consistent with thegeologically estimated rates. The AM-OK and AM-PH Euler vectors show 6-15mm/a of convergence rate in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea and 51-66mm/ a ofconvergence rate along the Nankai Trough, respectively, which are not consistent withthe latest observed GPS data. An independent South China microplate or othermicroplates, which are discriminated from the Eurasian plate, are accordingly helpfulin describing the current plate motions of the Northeastern Asia.
引文
[1] Chase C G. Plate kinematics: The Americas East Africa, and the rest of the world. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,1978, 37:355-368.
[2]Minster J B, Jordan T H. Present-day plate motions. J Geophys. Res., 1978, 83:5331-5354.
[3] DeMets C R. Gordon R G, Argus D, et al. Current plate motions. Geophys. J. Inter., 1990, 101:425-478.
[4」许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊等.由大量地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场地球物理学报,1989,32(6): 636一647.XU Zhong-Huai, WANG Su-Yun, HUANG Yu-Rui, et al. The tectonic stress field of Chinese continentdeduced from a great number of earthquakes. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1989, 32(6):636-647.
[5]李春昱用板块构造学说对中国部分地区构造发展的初步分析.地球物理学报,1975, 18(1):52-76LEE Chun-Yu. Tectonic evolutions of some mountain ranges in China as tentatively interpreted on theconcept of plate tectonics. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1975, 18(1):52-76.
[6]吴汉宁,常承法,刘椿等.依据古地磁资料探讨华北和华南块体及其对秦岭造山带构造演化的影响.地质 科学,1990,3:201-214WU Han-Ning, CHANG Cheng-Fa, LIU Chun, et al. Evolution of the Qinling fold belt and the movementof the north and south China blocks: The evidence of geology and paleomagnetism. Scientia GeologicaSinica (in Chinese), 1990, 3:201-214.
[7]黄宝春,魏青云,朱日祥.华北地块早古生代地层单元的岩石磁学特性研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):HUANG Bac-Chun, WEI Qing-Yun, ZHU Ri-Xiang. Magnetic features of early paleozoic rock units innorth China block. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1995, 38(6):796-805.
[8] Cohen S C, Morgan R C. Intraplate deformation due to continental collisions: A numerical study ofdeformation in a thin viscous sheet. Tectonophysics, 1986, 132:247-259.
[9] England P, Houseman G. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation 2. Comparison withIndia-Asia collision zone. J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91:3664-3676.
[10] England P, Jackson J. Active deformation of the continents. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 1989, 17: 197-226.
[11] Molnar P, Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia, Effects of a continental collision. Science, 1975, 189:419-426.
[12] Molnar P, Gipson J M. A bound on the rheology of continental lithosphere using very long baselineinterferometry: The velocity of south China with respect to Eurasia. J Geophys. Res, 1996, 101:545-553.
[13] Sonder L J, England P C, Houseman G A. Continuum calculations of continental deformation intranscurrent enviroments. J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91:4797--4810.
[14] Tapponnier P, Molnar P. Active faulting and tectonics in China. J Geophys. Res., 1977, 82:2905-2930.
[15] Vilotte J P, Madariaga K Deignieres M, et al. Numerical study of continental collision: influence ofbuoyancy forces and an initial stiff inclusion. Geophys. J. R Astr. Soc., 1986, 84:279-310.
[16] Zonenshain L P, Savostin L A. Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate tectonics of Asia.Tectonophysics, 1981, 76:1--45.
[17] Seno T, Sakurai T, Stein S. Can the OkhotSk plate be discriminated from the North American plate? J.Geophys. Res., 1996, 101: 11305--11315.
[18] Wei D, Seno T. Determination of the Ammurian plate motion, in Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions inEast Asia, Geodynam. Series ed. By M. Flower et al. Am. Geophys. Union. 1998, 27:337-346.
[19] Ishikawa Y. Tectonics of East Asia and southwest Hokkaido earthquake. The Ocean Monthly (in Japanese),1994, 7(Suppl.): 62-69.
[20]濑野徹三，魏东平．利用GPS资料确定Amurian微板块的南部边界．中国地球物理学会年刊，西安：西安地图 出版社,1998,384.Seno T, Wei D. Determination of the southern boundary of the Amurian microplate by using the GPS data.Annual of the Chinese Geophys. Society (in Chinese abstract), Xi-An: Xi-An Cartographic Publishing House,1998, 384.
[21] Dziewonski A M, Woodhouse J H. An experiment in systematic study of global seismicity:Centroid-moment tensor solutions for 201 moderate and large earthquakes of 1981. J. Geophys. Res., 1983,88: 3247-3271.
[22] Kuge K. Kawakatsu H. Significance of non-double couple components of deep and intermediate-depthearthquakes: Implications from moment tensor inversions of long-period seismic waves. Phys. Earth Planet.Inter., 1993, 75:243-266.
[23] Seno T, Stein S, Gripp A E. A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea plate consistent withNUVEL-1 and geological data. J Geophys. Res., 1993, 98: 17941-17948.
[24] Chase C G. The n-plate problem of plate tectonics. Geophys. J. R Astr. Soc., 1972, 29: 117-122.
[25] Minster J B, Jordan T H,Molnar P, et al. Numerical modeling of instantaneous plate tectonics. Geophys. J.R Astr. Soc., 1974, 36:541-576.
[26] Zorin Y A, Florensov N N. Plateau uplift: mode and mechanism. Tectonophysics, 1979, 61:271-283.
[27] Logatchev N A, Florensov N A. The Baikal system of rift valleys. Tectonphysics, 1978, 45: 1-13.
[28] Zorin Y A, Corded L Crustal extension in the Baikal rift zone. Tectonophysics, 1991, 198: 117-121.
[29] Faust T H. Fujita K Sakhalin as a plate boundary: implications for seismic hazards and tectonics. EOS,(Trans., AGU), 1995, 76:F358.
[30] Riegel S A, Fujita K, Koz' min B M, et al. Extrusion tectonics of the Okhotsk plate, northeast Asia.Geophys. Res. Lett., 1993, 20:607-610.
[31] Ando M. A fault-origin model of the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923 as deduced from geodetic data. Bull.Earthq. Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, 1971, 49: 19-32.
[32] Ishibashi K. Years of the land unrest-Warning Coming from a Seismologist. Iwanami New Publisher (inJapanese), 1994.
[33] Seno T. Recurrence time intervals of great earthquakes in the Sagami Trough region, Japan, as deducedfrom vertical crustal movement. Jishin (in Japanese), 1977, 30:253-264.
[34] Ando M. Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the Nankai Trough,Japan. Tectonophysics, 1975, 7: 119-140.
[35] Ishibashi N Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai district, central Japan, basedupon seismotectonics. In: Earthquake Prediction-An International Review, edited by Simpson D W andRichards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Washington, D. C.:AGU, 1981, 4:297-332.
[36] Chachin T, Kato T, Iimura Y, et al. An estimate of rotation parameters of the Philippine Sea plate motionfrom the Okino-torishima GPS campaign. EOS, (Trans., AGU), 1995, 76:F612.
[37] Robaudo S, Harrison C G A. Plate tectonics from SLR and VLBI global data. In: Space Geodesy andGeodynamics, edited by Smith D E and Turcotte D L, Geodyn. Ser., AGU, Washington D. C.: AGU,1993, 23: 51-71.
[38] Ryan J W, Clark T A, Ma C, et al. Global Scale Tectonic Plate Motions Measured with CDP VLBI data.In: Space Geodesy and Geodynamics, edited by Sixth D E and Turcotte D L, Geodyn. Ser., Washington,D. C.;AGU, 1993, 23:37-49.
[39] Ins S, Filson J K On the tectonics of Asia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1975, 28:241-253.
[40] Goodwin A M. Precambrian geology; The dynamic evolution of the continental crust. San Diego:Academic Press, 1991.
[41] Windley B F. The Evolving Continents. New York: John Whey & Sons, 1984.
[42] Zhang Y Q, Vergely P, Mercier J. Active faulting in and along the Qinling Range (China) inferred fromspot imagery analysis and extrusion tectorucs of south China. Tectonophysics, 1995, 243:69-95.
[2]Minster J B, Jordan T H. Present-day plate motions. J Geophys. Res., 1978, 83:5331-5354.
[3] DeMets C R. Gordon R G, Argus D, et al. Current plate motions. Geophys. J. Inter., 1990, 101:425-478.
[4」许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊等.由大量地震资料推断的我国大陆构造应力场地球物理学报,1989,32(6): 636一647.XU Zhong-Huai, WANG Su-Yun, HUANG Yu-Rui, et al. The tectonic stress field of Chinese continentdeduced from a great number of earthquakes. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1989, 32(6):636-647.
[5]李春昱用板块构造学说对中国部分地区构造发展的初步分析.地球物理学报,1975, 18(1):52-76LEE Chun-Yu. Tectonic evolutions of some mountain ranges in China as tentatively interpreted on theconcept of plate tectonics. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1975, 18(1):52-76.
[6]吴汉宁,常承法,刘椿等.依据古地磁资料探讨华北和华南块体及其对秦岭造山带构造演化的影响.地质 科学,1990,3:201-214WU Han-Ning, CHANG Cheng-Fa, LIU Chun, et al. Evolution of the Qinling fold belt and the movementof the north and south China blocks: The evidence of geology and paleomagnetism. Scientia GeologicaSinica (in Chinese), 1990, 3:201-214.
[7]黄宝春,魏青云,朱日祥.华北地块早古生代地层单元的岩石磁学特性研究.地球物理学报,1995,38(6):HUANG Bac-Chun, WEI Qing-Yun, ZHU Ri-Xiang. Magnetic features of early paleozoic rock units innorth China block. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1995, 38(6):796-805.
[8] Cohen S C, Morgan R C. Intraplate deformation due to continental collisions: A numerical study ofdeformation in a thin viscous sheet. Tectonophysics, 1986, 132:247-259.
[9] England P, Houseman G. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation 2. Comparison withIndia-Asia collision zone. J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91:3664-3676.
[10] England P, Jackson J. Active deformation of the continents. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 1989, 17: 197-226.
[11] Molnar P, Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia, Effects of a continental collision. Science, 1975, 189:419-426.
[12] Molnar P, Gipson J M. A bound on the rheology of continental lithosphere using very long baselineinterferometry: The velocity of south China with respect to Eurasia. J Geophys. Res, 1996, 101:545-553.
[13] Sonder L J, England P C, Houseman G A. Continuum calculations of continental deformation intranscurrent enviroments. J. Geophys. Res., 1986, 91:4797--4810.
[14] Tapponnier P, Molnar P. Active faulting and tectonics in China. J Geophys. Res., 1977, 82:2905-2930.
[15] Vilotte J P, Madariaga K Deignieres M, et al. Numerical study of continental collision: influence ofbuoyancy forces and an initial stiff inclusion. Geophys. J. R Astr. Soc., 1986, 84:279-310.
[16] Zonenshain L P, Savostin L A. Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate tectonics of Asia.Tectonophysics, 1981, 76:1--45.
[17] Seno T, Sakurai T, Stein S. Can the OkhotSk plate be discriminated from the North American plate? J.Geophys. Res., 1996, 101: 11305--11315.
[18] Wei D, Seno T. Determination of the Ammurian plate motion, in Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions inEast Asia, Geodynam. Series ed. By M. Flower et al. Am. Geophys. Union. 1998, 27:337-346.
[19] Ishikawa Y. Tectonics of East Asia and southwest Hokkaido earthquake. The Ocean Monthly (in Japanese),1994, 7(Suppl.): 62-69.
[20]濑野徹三，魏东平．利用GPS资料确定Amurian微板块的南部边界．中国地球物理学会年刊，西安：西安地图 出版社,1998,384.Seno T, Wei D. Determination of the southern boundary of the Amurian microplate by using the GPS data.Annual of the Chinese Geophys. Society (in Chinese abstract), Xi-An: Xi-An Cartographic Publishing House,1998, 384.
[21] Dziewonski A M, Woodhouse J H. An experiment in systematic study of global seismicity:Centroid-moment tensor solutions for 201 moderate and large earthquakes of 1981. J. Geophys. Res., 1983,88: 3247-3271.
[22] Kuge K. Kawakatsu H. Significance of non-double couple components of deep and intermediate-depthearthquakes: Implications from moment tensor inversions of long-period seismic waves. Phys. Earth Planet.Inter., 1993, 75:243-266.
[23] Seno T, Stein S, Gripp A E. A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea plate consistent withNUVEL-1 and geological data. J Geophys. Res., 1993, 98: 17941-17948.
[24] Chase C G. The n-plate problem of plate tectonics. Geophys. J. R Astr. Soc., 1972, 29: 117-122.
[25] Minster J B, Jordan T H,Molnar P, et al. Numerical modeling of instantaneous plate tectonics. Geophys. J.R Astr. Soc., 1974, 36:541-576.
[26] Zorin Y A, Florensov N N. Plateau uplift: mode and mechanism. Tectonophysics, 1979, 61:271-283.
[27] Logatchev N A, Florensov N A. The Baikal system of rift valleys. Tectonphysics, 1978, 45: 1-13.
[28] Zorin Y A, Corded L Crustal extension in the Baikal rift zone. Tectonophysics, 1991, 198: 117-121.
[29] Faust T H. Fujita K Sakhalin as a plate boundary: implications for seismic hazards and tectonics. EOS,(Trans., AGU), 1995, 76:F358.
[30] Riegel S A, Fujita K, Koz' min B M, et al. Extrusion tectonics of the Okhotsk plate, northeast Asia.Geophys. Res. Lett., 1993, 20:607-610.
[31] Ando M. A fault-origin model of the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923 as deduced from geodetic data. Bull.Earthq. Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, 1971, 49: 19-32.
[32] Ishibashi K. Years of the land unrest-Warning Coming from a Seismologist. Iwanami New Publisher (inJapanese), 1994.
[33] Seno T. Recurrence time intervals of great earthquakes in the Sagami Trough region, Japan, as deducedfrom vertical crustal movement. Jishin (in Japanese), 1977, 30:253-264.
[34] Ando M. Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the Nankai Trough,Japan. Tectonophysics, 1975, 7: 119-140.
[35] Ishibashi N Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai district, central Japan, basedupon seismotectonics. In: Earthquake Prediction-An International Review, edited by Simpson D W andRichards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Washington, D. C.:AGU, 1981, 4:297-332.
[36] Chachin T, Kato T, Iimura Y, et al. An estimate of rotation parameters of the Philippine Sea plate motionfrom the Okino-torishima GPS campaign. EOS, (Trans., AGU), 1995, 76:F612.
[37] Robaudo S, Harrison C G A. Plate tectonics from SLR and VLBI global data. In: Space Geodesy andGeodynamics, edited by Smith D E and Turcotte D L, Geodyn. Ser., AGU, Washington D. C.: AGU,1993, 23: 51-71.
[38] Ryan J W, Clark T A, Ma C, et al. Global Scale Tectonic Plate Motions Measured with CDP VLBI data.In: Space Geodesy and Geodynamics, edited by Sixth D E and Turcotte D L, Geodyn. Ser., Washington,D. C.;AGU, 1993, 23:37-49.
[39] Ins S, Filson J K On the tectonics of Asia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1975, 28:241-253.
[40] Goodwin A M. Precambrian geology; The dynamic evolution of the continental crust. San Diego:Academic Press, 1991.
[41] Windley B F. The Evolving Continents. New York: John Whey & Sons, 1984.
[42] Zhang Y Q, Vergely P, Mercier J. Active faulting in and along the Qinling Range (China) inferred fromspot imagery analysis and extrusion tectorucs of south China. Tectonophysics, 1995, 243:69-95.
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