柴达木中新生代盆地演化及其控油气作用
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摘要
柴达木中、新生代盆地演化经历了 4个不同的阶段 ,即早、中侏罗世裂陷阶段 ;晚侏罗世—白垩纪挤压阶段 ;早第三纪 (路乐河期 )—上新世晚期 (上油砂山期 )区域挤压坳陷与局部走滑、逃逸阶段 ;上新世晚期 (狮子沟期 )—第四纪挤压、推覆阶段。裂陷阶段 ,在柴北缘形成中、下侏罗统烃源岩 ;挤压坳陷阶段 ,伴随盆地西部整体坳陷 ,在盆地西部形成第三系烃源岩层 ;挤压、推覆阶段 ,随着盆地西部的隆升 ,东部地区的强烈沉降 ,在盆地东部第四纪坳陷中沉积了第四系烃源岩。柴达木盆地断裂、褶皱构造十分发育 ,油气藏类型以构造油气藏为主 ,其中背斜、断鼻油气藏主要分布于盆地西部茫崖凹陷 ,而与断层有关的断鼻、断块油气藏主要分布于柴北缘断陷区。柴达木盆地第三系油气储层中沸腾包裹体的发现 ,表明柴达木盆地的油气有过脉动式运移
The Meso Cenozoic Qaidam basin has experienced four evolution stages including the Early to Middle Jurassic chasmic stage, the Late Jurassic to Cretaceous compression stage, the Early Tertiary (Lulehe age) to Late Pliocene (Shangyoushashan age) regional compressive downwarping and local strike slipping and squeezing out stage, as well as the Late Pliocene (Shizigou age) to Quaternary compressive napping stage. The Middle and Lower Jurassic source rocks were deposited in the northern edge of Qaidam basin during the chasmic stage. The Tertiary source rocks were deposited while the massive deppression developed in western basin during the compressive downwarping stage. The Quaternary source rocks were deposited in the Quaternary depression in eastern basin along with the uplifting of western basin and the strong subsidence of eastern basin during the compressive napping stage. Fault and fold structures are well developed in Qaidam basin. Structural reservoirs are the main reservoir types, of which anticlinal and fault nose reservoirs are mainly distributed in Mangya sag in western basin, while the fault related fault nose and fault block reservoirs are mainly distributed in the downfaulted area in the northern edge of Qaidam basin. The discovery of bubble inclusions in the Tertiary indicates that pulse migration of hydrocarbons under faulting is an important mode of reservoiring in Qaidam basin.
The Meso Cenozoic Qaidam basin has experienced four evolution stages including the Early to Middle Jurassic chasmic stage, the Late Jurassic to Cretaceous compression stage, the Early Tertiary (Lulehe age) to Late Pliocene (Shangyoushashan age) regional compressive downwarping and local strike slipping and squeezing out stage, as well as the Late Pliocene (Shizigou age) to Quaternary compressive napping stage. The Middle and Lower Jurassic source rocks were deposited in the northern edge of Qaidam basin during the chasmic stage. The Tertiary source rocks were deposited while the massive deppression developed in western basin during the compressive downwarping stage. The Quaternary source rocks were deposited in the Quaternary depression in eastern basin along with the uplifting of western basin and the strong subsidence of eastern basin during the compressive napping stage. Fault and fold structures are well developed in Qaidam basin. Structural reservoirs are the main reservoir types, of which anticlinal and fault nose reservoirs are mainly distributed in Mangya sag in western basin, while the fault related fault nose and fault block reservoirs are mainly distributed in the downfaulted area in the northern edge of Qaidam basin. The discovery of bubble inclusions in the Tertiary indicates that pulse migration of hydrocarbons under faulting is an important mode of reservoiring in Qaidam basin.
引文
葛肖虹,段吉业,李才,等.柴达木盆地的形成与演化.青海石油管理局内部研究报告,1990
刘池阳.柴达木盆地西部地区构造特征及其演化.青海石油局内部研究报告,1991
1 车自成.从青藏高原的隆起看柴达木盆地的形成与演变[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(1):10～15
2 彭作林,惠荣耀.中国西部准噶尔、柴达木、酒西盆地天然气赋存条件及资源预测[M ].甘肃兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1991
3 夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,等.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):173～180
4 顾树松,狄恒恕.柴达木盆地形成机理及其对油气的控制[A].见:朱夏.中国中、新生代沉积盆地[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.186～195
5 王鸿祯,刘本培,李思田.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[A].见:王鸿祯,杨森楠,刘本培.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理[C].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.3～34
6 黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测———立体地质·三维应力·聚油模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996
7 王素华,钱祥麟.中亚与中国西北盆地构造演化及含油气性[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(4):321～325
8 金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地中新生代构造演化[J].地球学报,1999,20(增刊):68～72
9 曾联波,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):288～292
10 任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M ].北京:科学出版社,1980
11 许志琴,姜枚,杨经绥.青藏高原北部隆升的深部构造物理作用[J].地质学报,1996,70(3):195～206
12 黄汉纯,王长利.阿尔金构造带特征及其对塔里木和柴达木盆地的影响(中国地质科学学院院报17号)[M].北京:地质出版社,1987
13 国家地震局《阿尔金活动断裂带》课题组.阿尔金活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1992
14 葛肖虹,段吉业,李才,等.阿尔金断裂与西北大地构造格局的新认识[A].见:杨巍然,朱志澄,朱新国.地球科学进展学术讨论会论文摘要汇编[C],湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1992.39
15 黄华芳,王金荣.造山型盆地构造演化与油气赋存[M].甘肃兰州:兰州大学出版社,1994
16 邹华耀,胡文义.生长逆断层与油气生成、运移和聚集:以柴达木盆地尕斯断陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(3):200～206
17 李玉喜,周瑞年,庞雄奇,等.柴西地区近南北向构造系统及其控油作用分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):65～68
18 彭立才,邵文斌,张林,等.尕斯库勒油田跃灰1井区E23灰层裂缝预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(4):391～395
19 邱楠生,金之钧.油气成藏的脉动式探讨[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):561～567
刘池阳.柴达木盆地西部地区构造特征及其演化.青海石油局内部研究报告,1991
1 车自成.从青藏高原的隆起看柴达木盆地的形成与演变[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(1):10～15
2 彭作林,惠荣耀.中国西部准噶尔、柴达木、酒西盆地天然气赋存条件及资源预测[M ].甘肃兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1991
3 夏文臣,张宁,袁晓萍,等.柴达木侏罗系的构造层序及前陆盆地演化[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):173～180
4 顾树松,狄恒恕.柴达木盆地形成机理及其对油气的控制[A].见:朱夏.中国中、新生代沉积盆地[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.186～195
5 王鸿祯,刘本培,李思田.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[A].见:王鸿祯,杨森楠,刘本培.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理[C].湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.3～34
6 黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测———立体地质·三维应力·聚油模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1996
7 王素华,钱祥麟.中亚与中国西北盆地构造演化及含油气性[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(4):321～325
8 金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.柴达木盆地中新生代构造演化[J].地球学报,1999,20(增刊):68～72
9 曾联波,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):288～292
10 任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.中国大地构造及其演化[M ].北京:科学出版社,1980
11 许志琴,姜枚,杨经绥.青藏高原北部隆升的深部构造物理作用[J].地质学报,1996,70(3):195～206
12 黄汉纯,王长利.阿尔金构造带特征及其对塔里木和柴达木盆地的影响(中国地质科学学院院报17号)[M].北京:地质出版社,1987
13 国家地震局《阿尔金活动断裂带》课题组.阿尔金活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1992
14 葛肖虹,段吉业,李才,等.阿尔金断裂与西北大地构造格局的新认识[A].见:杨巍然,朱志澄,朱新国.地球科学进展学术讨论会论文摘要汇编[C],湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1992.39
15 黄华芳,王金荣.造山型盆地构造演化与油气赋存[M].甘肃兰州:兰州大学出版社,1994
16 邹华耀,胡文义.生长逆断层与油气生成、运移和聚集:以柴达木盆地尕斯断陷为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(3):200～206
17 李玉喜,周瑞年,庞雄奇,等.柴西地区近南北向构造系统及其控油作用分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):65～68
18 彭立才,邵文斌,张林,等.尕斯库勒油田跃灰1井区E23灰层裂缝预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(4):391～395
19 邱楠生,金之钧.油气成藏的脉动式探讨[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):561～567
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