地震作用下的两河口高土石坝地震残余变形和破坏振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
由于目前高土石坝强震记录资料缺乏和其它试验技术的局限性,土石坝的地震模拟振动台模型试验仍是当前研究大坝结构地震残余变形特性和破坏机理的重要手段。本文利用大型振动台模型试验,研究两河口高土石坝模型坝的地震残余变形特性和在强烈地震作用下的破坏过程和状态,并类推分析原型高土石坝的地震残余变形规律和动力破坏模式。试验结果表明:地震作用下,心墙堆石坝的地震残余变形相对较小;坝体动力破坏的形式主要是河谷段、靠近坝顶坝坡的散粒体滑移和浅层滑动;多维地震动,对坝体的地震残余变形控制和动力稳定不利。基于试验结果和分析,建议在高土石坝抗震设计中,加强对河床坝段坝顶区的保护。
Shaking table model test is the major technique to study the seismic responses of a high rock-fill dam because of the shortage in actual earthquake measurement data and the limitation of other test techniques.In this work,a large-scale model was tested to analyze the seismic residual deformation and dynamic failure mode of a high rock-fill dam under the conditions of extremely strong earthquake,and some responses of the prototype dam were predicted.The test results show that the core rock-fill dam has relatively smaller residual deformation and that the major failure patterns are featured by rocks rolling and surface-layer sliding on the dam slopes near the river channel.Multi-dimensional earthquake is an unfavorable factor to the control of residual deformation and dynamic stability.This study suggests that the protection of dam top area should be strengthened in anti-seismic design of rock-fill dam.
Shaking table model test is the major technique to study the seismic responses of a high rock-fill dam because of the shortage in actual earthquake measurement data and the limitation of other test techniques.In this work,a large-scale model was tested to analyze the seismic residual deformation and dynamic failure mode of a high rock-fill dam under the conditions of extremely strong earthquake,and some responses of the prototype dam were predicted.The test results show that the core rock-fill dam has relatively smaller residual deformation and that the major failure patterns are featured by rocks rolling and surface-layer sliding on the dam slopes near the river channel.Multi-dimensional earthquake is an unfavorable factor to the control of residual deformation and dynamic stability.This study suggests that the protection of dam top area should be strengthened in anti-seismic design of rock-fill dam.
引文
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[3]赵剑明,刘小生,陈宁,等.高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力研究[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):97～102.ZHAO Jianming,LIU Xiaosheng,CHEN Ning,et al.Research on the maximum anti-seismic capacity of high earth core rock-filldam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(5):97～102.(in Chinese)
[4]孔宪京,刘君,韩国城.面板堆石坝模型动力破坏试验与数值仿真分析[J].岩土工程学报,20032,5(1):26～30.KONG Xianjing,LIU Jun,HAN Guocheng.Dynamic failure test and numerical simulation of model concrete-faced rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):26～30.(in Chinese)
[5]中国水利水电科学研究院.两河口心墙堆石坝振动台模型试验研究报告[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2009.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research.Research report of shaking table model test for Lianghekou core rock-fill dam[R].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川省雅砻江两河口水电站可行性研究-防震抗震研究设计专题报告[R].成都:中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,2009.Chengdu Institute of Reconnaissance and Design,CHECC.Research report of seismic design for Lianghekou water power station[R].Chendu:Chengdu Institute of Reconnaissance and Design,CHECC,2009.(in Chinese)
[7]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1489～1495.KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,DENG Xuejing,et al.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure of high earth-rockfill dams andeffectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1489～1495.(in Chinese)
[8]杨正权.加筋土挡墙稳定性分析研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.YANG Zhengquan.Study on stability analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese)
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