21世纪减轻城市地震灾害研究需求——纪念《工程抗震》创刊20周年
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摘要
中国正在快速城市化。 1996年中国城市人口为总人口的 30 %。根据预测 ,到2 0 10年 ,城市人口将增长到全国总人口的 45 %。中国和日本等国家历史上发生的强烈地震经验一再表明 ,现有的现代化的城市 ,虽然从表面上看 ,有先进技术作保证 ,但实际上对破坏性地震却是非常脆弱的。本文在阐述转变减轻城市地震灾害观念的基础上 ,根据我国和日本等其他国家近年来发生的灾害性地震的经验教训和工程实践 ,对面向 2 1世纪减轻城市地区地震灾害急需开展研究的课题作了论述。
Urbanization in China is growing very fast.It is estimated that the urban population will increase from 30% to 45% of the total population of China between 1996 and 2010.Lessons learned from past earthquakes occurred in China and Japan show repeatedly that the existing modern cities,although guaranteed on the surface by advanced technologies,are so vulnerable to destructive earthquakes.After discussion on changing concepts on urban earthquake disaster mitigation,some most critical research topics on mitigation of seismic risk in urban region toward the 21 st century are described in this paper based on the lessons learned from the recent catastrophic earthquake disasters occurred in both China and Japan.
Urbanization in China is growing very fast.It is estimated that the urban population will increase from 30% to 45% of the total population of China between 1996 and 2010.Lessons learned from past earthquakes occurred in China and Japan show repeatedly that the existing modern cities,although guaranteed on the surface by advanced technologies,are so vulnerable to destructive earthquakes.After discussion on changing concepts on urban earthquake disaster mitigation,some most critical research topics on mitigation of seismic risk in urban region toward the 21 st century are described in this paper based on the lessons learned from the recent catastrophic earthquake disasters occurred in both China and Japan.
引文
[1] YeYaoxian (叶耀先) ,ResearchNeedsonMitiga tionofSeismicRiskinUrbanRegionTowardthe2 1stCentury,KeynoteAddressontheSecondJapan-ChinaJointWorkshoponPredictionandMitiga tionofSeisnicRiskinUrbanRegion ,November14- 16,1998,Kikone,Japan
[2 ] ChengGengdongandLiGang,Optimizationinper formance-baseddesignofbuildingstructures,pa perpresentedontheMulti-lateralWorkshoponDevelopmentofEarthquakeandTsunamidisasterMitigationtechnologiesanditsIntegrationfortheA sia-PacificRegion,1998
[3 ] DanielP.Abrams,Earthquakedisastermitigationtechnologies,ditto,1998
[4 ] ALMECcorporationandSekkei ,Ltd.,StudyonJapaneseandAsiaexperiencesinurbandevelopment,FinalReport,June,1998
[5 ] 尹之潜 ,地震灾害损失预测研究 ,中国地震工程研究进展 ,地震出版社 ,1992 ,第 10 3 - 111页
[6] 章在墉、肖光先 ,城市地震损失评估方法研究中的几个基本问题 ,同上 ,第 90 - 10 2页
[7] 叶耀先 ,当代防灾水平和减轻自然灾害的方法 ,同上 ,第 81- 89页
[8] W .NickCarter,DisasterManagement,AdisasterManager'sHandbook,AsianDevelopmeentBank(1992 ) .
[9] UNKRO ,MitigatingNaturalDisasters,Phenome na,EffectsandOptions,AManualforPolicyMak ersandplanners,UN ,NewYork,(1991)
[10 ] AugusteC .Boissonnade&HareshShah,Earth quakeDamageandLossestimationReviewofAvailaboeMethids,ProceedingsofUS -PRCBi lateralWorkshoponEarthquakeEngineering,Harbin,China,1982
[11] ZhangZaiyongetal.,TotalriskevaluationforbuildingsinAnyang ,proceedingsofUS -PRCBilateralWorkshoponEarthquakeEngineering,Haebin,China,1982
[12 ] YeYaoxian (叶耀先 ) ,Architecturaldesignandplanningforseismicregion,ProceedingsofthePRC -USAJointWorkshoponEarthquakeDisas terMitigationThrorghArchitecture,UrbanPlan ningandEngineering,editedbyProf.YeYaoxianandHenryLagorio,Beijing,1981
[13 ] J.A .Blume,CommentsonStructuralResponsetoearthquakeMotionasRelatedtoDamageRisk,U .S.DepartmentofCommerceMeetingonSeis mologyandEngineeringSeismology,RockvilleMaryland,1967
[14 ] HisashiroHiraishietal.,NewFrameworkforper formanceBasedDesignofBuileingStructures,Vo1.3 ,Proceedingsofthe 10 thJapaneseEarth quakeEngineeringsymposium ,pp.2 999- 3 0 0 4
[2 ] ChengGengdongandLiGang,Optimizationinper formance-baseddesignofbuildingstructures,pa perpresentedontheMulti-lateralWorkshoponDevelopmentofEarthquakeandTsunamidisasterMitigationtechnologiesanditsIntegrationfortheA sia-PacificRegion,1998
[3 ] DanielP.Abrams,Earthquakedisastermitigationtechnologies,ditto,1998
[4 ] ALMECcorporationandSekkei ,Ltd.,StudyonJapaneseandAsiaexperiencesinurbandevelopment,FinalReport,June,1998
[5 ] 尹之潜 ,地震灾害损失预测研究 ,中国地震工程研究进展 ,地震出版社 ,1992 ,第 10 3 - 111页
[6] 章在墉、肖光先 ,城市地震损失评估方法研究中的几个基本问题 ,同上 ,第 90 - 10 2页
[7] 叶耀先 ,当代防灾水平和减轻自然灾害的方法 ,同上 ,第 81- 89页
[8] W .NickCarter,DisasterManagement,AdisasterManager'sHandbook,AsianDevelopmeentBank(1992 ) .
[9] UNKRO ,MitigatingNaturalDisasters,Phenome na,EffectsandOptions,AManualforPolicyMak ersandplanners,UN ,NewYork,(1991)
[10 ] AugusteC .Boissonnade&HareshShah,Earth quakeDamageandLossestimationReviewofAvailaboeMethids,ProceedingsofUS -PRCBi lateralWorkshoponEarthquakeEngineering,Harbin,China,1982
[11] ZhangZaiyongetal.,TotalriskevaluationforbuildingsinAnyang ,proceedingsofUS -PRCBilateralWorkshoponEarthquakeEngineering,Haebin,China,1982
[12 ] YeYaoxian (叶耀先 ) ,Architecturaldesignandplanningforseismicregion,ProceedingsofthePRC -USAJointWorkshoponEarthquakeDisas terMitigationThrorghArchitecture,UrbanPlan ningandEngineering,editedbyProf.YeYaoxianandHenryLagorio,Beijing,1981
[13 ] J.A .Blume,CommentsonStructuralResponsetoearthquakeMotionasRelatedtoDamageRisk,U .S.DepartmentofCommerceMeetingonSeis mologyandEngineeringSeismology,RockvilleMaryland,1967
[14 ] HisashiroHiraishietal.,NewFrameworkforper formanceBasedDesignofBuileingStructures,Vo1.3 ,Proceedingsofthe 10 thJapaneseEarth quakeEngineeringsymposium ,pp.2 999- 3 0 0 4
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