基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析
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摘要
试图运用波场动力学途径,旨在增强观测系统分析评估,本文提出基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析方法.本文方法不仅可用于观测系统设计,对叠前成像资料的考量、叠前振幅补偿和AVA(Amplitude Versus Angle,振幅随角度变化)反演也必具重要的意义.文中通过目的层邻域单个绕射点的正、反传波场分析,给出地下目标的水平和倾斜界面随角度变化的成像照明强度.单程波方法可用于模拟地震波在复杂速度构造下的传播,并得到较准确的幅值和多次到达的波场,用以对绕射点正、反传分析时可在照明分析中简明地利用幅值信息和多次到达的波场.本文方法可显现复杂盖层下目标的照明情况.本文中也对照明能量随传播距离的几何扩散进行补偿,突显了角度域的照明均匀度和范围,从而使得所分析的结果可直接应用于AVA的分析及补偿.针对照明分析的特点,文中建议可用一种快速的单程波波场延拓策略——频率速度相关变步长波场深度延拓.数值实验结果表明了本文方法是可行且有效的.
Trying to use the dynamic method and aiming at enhancing the analysis and assessment of seismic survey,we present a one-way wave equation based angle domain illumination analysis method.This method can be used to design seismic survey and has significances to pre-stack images evaluation,pre-stack amplitude compensation and AVA inversion.The angle-varied seismic incident intensities of the horizontal and slant layers at the subsurface targets are gotten through analyzing of the wave field forward/backward propagated from a point-scatter located at the subsurface targets.Since the one-way wave equation methods can be used to model the wave propagation in complex velocity models well,and get the wave-fields with quite correct amplitudes and multiple arrivals,they are used during the forward/backward propagating to make use of the correct amplitudes and multiple arrivals concisely.The method in this article can illuminate the subsurface targets under complex overburden.Moreover,the geometric divergence of illumination energy is compensated to highlight the evenness and extension of illumination in angle domain,which makes the analysis results can be used directly to the AVA analysis and compensation.A fast one-way wave equation modeling scheme,frequency and velocity dependent varying-step depth exploration theme,is introduced according to the characters of the illumination analysis.Numerical tests show the effectiveness and feasibility of the illumination method in this article.
Trying to use the dynamic method and aiming at enhancing the analysis and assessment of seismic survey,we present a one-way wave equation based angle domain illumination analysis method.This method can be used to design seismic survey and has significances to pre-stack images evaluation,pre-stack amplitude compensation and AVA inversion.The angle-varied seismic incident intensities of the horizontal and slant layers at the subsurface targets are gotten through analyzing of the wave field forward/backward propagated from a point-scatter located at the subsurface targets.Since the one-way wave equation methods can be used to model the wave propagation in complex velocity models well,and get the wave-fields with quite correct amplitudes and multiple arrivals,they are used during the forward/backward propagating to make use of the correct amplitudes and multiple arrivals concisely.The method in this article can illuminate the subsurface targets under complex overburden.Moreover,the geometric divergence of illumination energy is compensated to highlight the evenness and extension of illumination in angle domain,which makes the analysis results can be used directly to the AVA analysis and compensation.A fast one-way wave equation modeling scheme,frequency and velocity dependent varying-step depth exploration theme,is introduced according to the characters of the illumination analysis.Numerical tests show the effectiveness and feasibility of the illumination method in this article.
引文
[1] Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-tracing modeling,Part 1:Simple 2-D salt model.The Leading Edge,2001,20:578-594
[2] Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-tracing modeling,Part 3:Salt ridges and furrows,and the impact of acquisition orientation.The Leading Edge,2001,20:803-816
[3] Muerdter D,Kelly M,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-tracing modeling,Part 2:Dipping salt bodies,salt peaks,and nonreciprocity of subsalt amplitude response.The Leading Edge,2001,20:688-697
[4] Berkhout A J,Ongkeihong L,Volker A W F,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams-Part I:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,2001,66;911-917
[5] Volker A W F,Blancquiere G,Berkhout A J,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams--Part Ⅱ:Practical aspects and examples.Geophysics,2001,66:918-931
[6] Schneider W A,Winbow G A.Efficient and accurate modeling of 3-D seismic illumination.69~(th) Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1999． 633～636
[7] Bear G,Liu C,Lu R,et al.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing.The Leading Edge,2000,19:726～728
[8] Hoffmann J.Illumination,resolution,and image quality of PP-and PS-waves for survey planning.The Leading Edge,2001,20:872～882
[9] Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M D,et al.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55:410～421
[10] Ristow D,Rühl T.Fourier finite difference migration.Geophysics,1994,59 (12) :1882～1893
[11] Liu Linong,Zhang Jianfeng.3D wavefield extrapolation with optimum split-step Fourier method.Geophysics,2006,71 (3) :95～108
[12] Zhang Jianfeng,Liu Linong.Optimum split-step Fourier 3D depth migration:developments and practical aspects.Geophysics,2007,72(3) :167～175
[13] 张剑锋,卢宝坤,刘礼农.波动方程深度偏移的频率相关变步长延拓方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :221～227 Zhang J F,Lu B K,Liu L N.Frequency-dependent varyingstep depth extrapolation scheme for wave equation based migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(1) :221～227
[14] Xie Xiao-Bi,Jin Sheng-Wen,Wu Ru-Shan.Wave equationbased seismic illumination analysis.Geophysics,2006,71 (5) :159～177
[15] de Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angledependent reflectivity by means of prestack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9) :1223～1234
[16] Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.Theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation and true amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4) :1～10
[2] Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-tracing modeling,Part 3:Salt ridges and furrows,and the impact of acquisition orientation.The Leading Edge,2001,20:803-816
[3] Muerdter D,Kelly M,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illumination through ray-tracing modeling,Part 2:Dipping salt bodies,salt peaks,and nonreciprocity of subsalt amplitude response.The Leading Edge,2001,20:688-697
[4] Berkhout A J,Ongkeihong L,Volker A W F,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams-Part I:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,2001,66;911-917
[5] Volker A W F,Blancquiere G,Berkhout A J,et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams--Part Ⅱ:Practical aspects and examples.Geophysics,2001,66:918-931
[6] Schneider W A,Winbow G A.Efficient and accurate modeling of 3-D seismic illumination.69~(th) Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1999． 633～636
[7] Bear G,Liu C,Lu R,et al.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing.The Leading Edge,2000,19:726～728
[8] Hoffmann J.Illumination,resolution,and image quality of PP-and PS-waves for survey planning.The Leading Edge,2001,20:872～882
[9] Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M D,et al.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55:410～421
[10] Ristow D,Rühl T.Fourier finite difference migration.Geophysics,1994,59 (12) :1882～1893
[11] Liu Linong,Zhang Jianfeng.3D wavefield extrapolation with optimum split-step Fourier method.Geophysics,2006,71 (3) :95～108
[12] Zhang Jianfeng,Liu Linong.Optimum split-step Fourier 3D depth migration:developments and practical aspects.Geophysics,2007,72(3) :167～175
[13] 张剑锋,卢宝坤,刘礼农.波动方程深度偏移的频率相关变步长延拓方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(1) :221～227 Zhang J F,Lu B K,Liu L N.Frequency-dependent varyingstep depth extrapolation scheme for wave equation based migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(1) :221～227
[14] Xie Xiao-Bi,Jin Sheng-Wen,Wu Ru-Shan.Wave equationbased seismic illumination analysis.Geophysics,2006,71 (5) :159～177
[15] de Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angledependent reflectivity by means of prestack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9) :1223～1234
[16] Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.Theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation and true amplitude common-shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(4) :1～10
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