摘要
流体在断裂带地震周期中具有重要作用。在地震流体研究中,该文建议在如下几个方面加强研究力度:①断层渗透结构和断裂带古水文地质旋回的研究;②断裂带流体循环的尺度效应;③流体分布、循环与构造展布关系;④断裂带深浅部流体关系研究。在断层流体动力学研究中,建议就某一发震断裂带开展系统研究,并优先解决以下问题:①断裂带流体的起源和成分;②产生和维持高孔隙压力的构造环境和水文地质条件;③断裂带及邻近岩体流体运移及重新分布的机制;④取得断裂带孔隙压力变化的数量知识;⑤垂直方向和水平方向流体孔隙压力变化范围;⑥地震周期中流体迁移与孔隙压变化规律。
The fluids play an important role in the seismicity cycle of fault zones.The authors put forward several research areas that should be strengthened in the near future in China;① Fault permeability structure and pale-geohydrological history of fault zone;② The scale effect on fluid movement along fault zones;③ The relationship between fluid circulation distribution and tectonic geometry;④ The relationship between the shallow and the deep fluids.It is suggested that a systemic research work should be done on a specific earthquake fault,and the following topics should be studied preferentially.These are: ① What is the origin and composition of fault zone fluids? ② Identify the range of conditions necessary to develop and maintain elevated fluid pressures;③ What are the fluid transport mechanisms in and around the fault zone and what physical processes lead to fluid redistribution? ④ Quantify pore pressure spectrum of fault;⑤ What is the vertical and lateral distribution of fluid pressure regimes;⑥ What is extent of vertical and lateral fluid migration and pore pressure during a seismic stress cycle?
引文
[1]岳明生.地震预测研究发震战略几点思考[J].国际地震动态,2005,317(5):7-21.
[2]Caine J S,Evans J P,Forster.Fault-zone architecture and permeability structure[J].Geology,1996,24:1 023-1 028.
[3]Jerry P,Fairley,Jennifer J,et al.Field observation of fluids circulation patterns in a fault systerm[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31:L19502.
[4]Heynekamp Michiel R.Controls on fault-zone architecture in poorly lithified sediments,Rio GrandeRift,New Mexico:Implications for fault-zone permeability and fluid flow[M].American Geophysi-cal Union,1999:27-49.
[5]Aydin A.Small faults formed as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:931-930.
[6]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Developlement of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfacesin sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:913-930.
[7]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Analysis of faulting in porous sandstones[J].Jour Struct Geol,1983,5:19-31.
[8]Antonellini M,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:geometry and spatialdistribution[J].Amer Assoc Petrol Geol Bull,1995,79:642-671.
[9]Wong Teng-fong,Zhu Wen-lu.Brittle faulting and permeability evolution:hydromechanical meas-urement,microstructural observation,and network modeling[M].American Geophysical Union,1999:83-99.
[10]程汝楠.古水文地质及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[11]Brace W F.Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks[J].Int J Rock Mechanics Min Sci andGeomech,1980,17(3):241-250.
[12]Steven E,Ingebritsen,Ward E Sanford.The role of groundwater in the crustal processes[M].Cam-bridge University Press,1998:13-16.
[13]Person M,Baumgartner L.New evidence for long-distance fluid migration within the earth′s crust[J].Rev Geophys,1995,33,[S1]:1 083-1 092.
[14]Nezuil C E.Abnormal pressure as hydrodynamic phenomena[J].American Journal of Science,1995,295:742-786.
[15]Emily E,Brodsky,Evelyn Roelos,et al.A Mechanism for Sustained Ground Water Pressure Chan-ges Induced by Distant Earthquakes[J].JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,2003,108(B8):23-90.
[16]Ranalli G,Murph D.Rheological stratification of the lithosphere[J].Tectonophics,1987,132:281-295.
[17]孙雄,马宗晋,洪汉净.初论构造流体动力学[J].地学前缘,1996,3:138-144.
[18]徐兴旺,蔡新平,王杰,等.流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):324-331.