龙游大型古洞室群变形破坏方式及加固方法研究
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摘要
位于中国浙江省西部龙游县的龙游大型古地下洞室群由24个洞室组成,该发现引起了国内外有关专家的关注。对该洞室群进行了多次现场工程地质调查,发现该洞室群已产生了程度不一的破坏,其破坏方式主要表现为洞顶及岩柱的破坏。对完整洞室1#～5#洞而言,也存在着一定的安全隐患。调查发现,在这5个洞室内,洞顶、边墙上的裂缝较为发育,其中1#洞洞顶靠近柱子周围部分、1#,2#洞公共墙上、2#洞洞顶以及3#,4#洞西边墙上的裂缝均较为发育,对洞室群的整体稳定极为不利。为了更好地保护这一人类文化瑰宝,采用FLAC3D数值计算,对洞室变形破坏机理进行了研究。在此基础上,以1#,2#洞为例,本着安全第一,整旧如旧的原则,提出了以支顶为主的加固方法。
An ancient cavern group was found in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province. It consists of 24 caverns. The finding of it evokes attentions of many scholars in the world. Field investigations were carried out;and it is found that there are many failures in the caverns. The common failures occurs at vault and pillars. There are also some cracks in the sidewalls,vaults and pillars in the integrity caverns No.1–No.5. The vault around 1–1 pillar of cavern No.1,the common wall between cavern No.1 and No.2 and the vault of cavern No.2 etc. all need to be reinforced. In order to protect the caverns,numerical analyses were also done to study the failure mechanism of the caverns. According to the field investigations and numerical analyses and on the basis of“safety first”and “rehabilitation but not change the natural form”,the reinforcement methods were proposed.
An ancient cavern group was found in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province. It consists of 24 caverns. The finding of it evokes attentions of many scholars in the world. Field investigations were carried out;and it is found that there are many failures in the caverns. The common failures occurs at vault and pillars. There are also some cracks in the sidewalls,vaults and pillars in the integrity caverns No.1–No.5. The vault around 1–1 pillar of cavern No.1,the common wall between cavern No.1 and No.2 and the vault of cavern No.2 etc. all need to be reinforced. In order to protect the caverns,numerical analyses were also done to study the failure mechanism of the caverns. According to the field investigations and numerical analyses and on the basis of“safety first”and “rehabilitation but not change the natural form”,the reinforcement methods were proposed.
引文
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[2]汪东云.宝顶山石窟岩体风化破坏的作用因素分析[J].工程地质学报,1994,2(2):54–65.(Wang Dongyun.Analyses of factors affecting destruction of rock mass by weathering in Baodingshan grotto[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,1994,2(2):54–65.(in Chinese))
[3]Kawasaki S,Tanimoto C.Deterioration phenomena and conservation methods of stone Buddha images in Japan[J].Frontiers of Rock Mechanics and Sustainable Development in the21st Century,2001,5:413–416.
[4]潘别桐.龙门石窟碳酸盐岩体溶蚀病害及防治对策[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1992.(Pan Bietong.The Corrosion Diseases and Control Methods of the Carbonate Rock Mass in Longmen Grottoes[M].Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[5]何燕,李智毅.关于河南灵泉寺石窟地质病害及整治方法的研究[J].岩土力学,2000,21(1):56–59.(He Yan,Li Zhiyi.A study of geological disease analyses and renovation methods in Lingquan Temple Grotto of Henan,China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(1):56–59.(in Chinese))
[6]He Y,Li Z Y,Yang Z F,et al.Engineering geology study of Lingquansi Cave Temple,People’s Republic of China[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology Environment,2001,60:43–57.
[7]吴绵拔,刘远惠.龙门石灰岩动力特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增):422–427.(Wu Mianba,Liu Yuanhui.Testing study of dynamic characteristics for Longmen limestone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(Supp.):422–427.(in Chinese))
[8]牟会宠,杨志法,伍法权.石质文物保护的工程地质力学研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.(Mu Huichong,Yang Zhifa,Wu Faquan.Engineering Geomechanics Study on the Conservation of Rock Cultural Relics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[9]杨志法,王思敬,许兵,等.龙游石窟工程地质条件分析及保护对策初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):292–295.(Yang Zhifa,Wang Sijing,Xu Bing,et al.Analysis of the engineering geological conditions of Longyou stone caverns and primary study on the protection strategies[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):292–295.(in Chinese))
[10]杨志法,李丽慧,潘炜,等.关于大型古地下工程若干问题的讨论[J].科学技术与工程,2003,3(5):464–466.(Yang Zhifa,Li Lihui,Pan Wei,et al.Discussions about large-scale ancient underground engineering[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2003,3(5):464–466.(in Chinese))
[11]李丽慧,杨志法,张路青,等.关于龙游石窟斜顶“设计”中工程科学问题的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报(待刊),2005.(Li Lihui,Yang Zhifa,Zhang Luqing,et al.On the engineering scientific problems about the inclined roof design of Longyou grottoes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(in press).(in Chinese))
[12]孙钧,凌建明,贾岗,等.从工程科学角度看浙西大地的龙游石窟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):131–133.(Sun Jun,Ling Jianming,Jia Gang,et al.Examining the Longyou grottoes in the western land of Zhejiang Province from the view point of engineering science[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):131–133.(in Chinese))
[13]Sun J,Lin J M,Jia G,et al.China′s Longyou gottoes,Zhejiang Province[J].News Journal,International Society for Rock Mechanics,2001,6(3):44–46.
[14]Hatzor Y H,Talesnick M,Tsesarsky M.Continuous and discontinuous stability of the bell-shaped caverns at Bet Gurvrin,Israel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39:867–886.
[15]Talesnick M L,Hatzor Y H,Tsesarsky M.The elastic deformability and strength of a high porosity,anisotropic chalk[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38:543–555.
[16]Tsesarsky M,Hatzor Y H,Talesnick M L.The stability of ancient bell shaped caverns at the Bet Guvrin National Park—a comprehensive geomechanical study[J].Isr.J.Earth Sci.,2000,49(2):81–102.
[17]Zuber A,Grabczak J,Garlicki A.Catastrophic and dangerous inflows to salt mines in Poland as related to the origin of water determined by isotope methods[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(3/4):299–311.
[18]浙江省区域地层表编写组.华东地区区域地层表,浙江省/浙江省区域地层表[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.(Compile Group of Regional Sratigraphic Scale of Zhejiang Province.Regional stratigraphic Scale of Eastern of China,Fascicule of Zhejiang Povince[R].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1979.(in Chinese))
[19]浙江省地质矿产局.浙江省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.(Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Zhejiang Province.Regional Geology Records of Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.
[20]浙江省地质矿产厅区调大队五分队.地质图说明书(龙游县幅)[R].龙游:浙江省地质矿产厅区调大队五分队,1995.(The5th Unit,Regional Survey Team,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Zhejiang Province.Instruction of geologic map(Longyou County breadth)[R].Longyou:The5th Unit,Regional Survey Team,Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Zhejiang Province,1995.(in Chinese))
[21]浙江省水文地质工程地质大队.区域水文地质普查报告(衢县幅金华幅)[R].金华:浙江省水文地质工程地质大队,1982.(Team of Zhejiang Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology.Areal hydrogeology census report(Qu xian breadth Jinhua B)[R].Jinhua:Team of Zhejiang Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1982.(in Chinese))
[22]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.(Gu Dezhen.Basement of Rock Engineering Geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979.(in Chinese))
[23]Gregory M,Christopher M,Debasis D.Using the coal mine roof rating(CMRR)to assess roof stability in U.S.coal mines,Mining industry annual review[J].Journal of Mines,Metals and Fuels,2001,15(3):314–321.
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