汶川地震绵阳极重灾区医疗救援应急指挥纪实
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摘要
5·12汶川8级地震,造成绵阳极重灾区87.7%的卫生系统受损,共伤亡317人,直接经济损失达31.24亿元。灾难发生后,市委、市政府第一时间成立绵阳市抗震救灾指挥部和医疗卫生救治指挥部,震后4小时内派出5支医疗队赶往受灾最严重的北川县。现场医疗队首次分检后送伤员22947名,经三级转运到绵阳本地医院。截至6月30日,绵阳医疗机构累计接诊伤病员37.96万人次,收治住院伤病员21628人,其中危重伤员2772人,含截肢伤员146人,住院伤病员死亡846人。从5月17日起,绵阳向全国14省市医院转运伤员3381人。6月19日,绵阳市伤员康复中心成立,累计接收住院康复病人156人,治愈32人,并与援绵心理干预医疗队一起,对受灾群众和伤病员等进行7万余人次的心理危机干预。绵阳卫生防疫机构震后2小时内启动重大自然灾害应急预案,制订和完善震后防病技术方案,迅速派出防疫应急队伍,完成尸体处理、水质和疫情监测、环境废墟消毒、安置点防疫、提前防范次生灾害,开展大规模健康教育等工作。汶川地震绵阳极重灾区医疗卫生救治和卫生防疫应急指挥体系整合资源、统筹指挥、应对及时,极大地保障了相关政府、非政府部门及援绵各机构能在统一、有前瞻性地指挥调度下协同工作,创造了地区性特大地震灾害医疗救援和疾病防控的"绵阳模式",取得了抗震救灾医疗救援和卫生防疫阶段性胜利,所积累的宝贵一手资料和经验,将成为灾后重建和区域性国家级灾害应急体系建设的重要依据。
The May 12 8-magnitude earthquake caused damage to 87.7%of the health systems in the worst-hit Mianyang areas with 326 casualties and the direct economic loss of RMB 3 124 billion.Within 30 minutes after the earthquake,the Mianyang headquarters for earthquake disaster relief and the Mianyang public health headquarters for medical rescue and treatment were organized.Five medical teams were sent to Beichuang County,the worst-hit Mianyang area within four hours after the earthquake.A total of 22 947 wounded and sick were delivered to local hospitals after simple triage and rapid treatment through three station.By June 30,the Mianyang medical organisation had received 379 600 person times and admitted 21628 inpatients in total,including 2 772 severely-wounded(including 146 with limbs amputated and 846 dead during the stay).Since May 17,3381 wounded had been transferred to 14 provincial and city-level hospitals across China.On June 20,the Mianyang Rehabilitation Center for wounded and sick people was established and received 156 rehabilitation inpatients and cured 32 ones.Together with the medical team for psychological intervention,they provided psychological support for victims for over 70 000 person times.Within two hours after the earthquake,the Mianyang Organisation for Health and Epidemic Control and Prevention launched the emergency response plan for major natural disasters,prepared and improved the technical scheme for disease prevention after the earthquake.The organisation rapidly sent out emergency teams for disease control and prevention and completed the following tasks:disinfection and burial of corpses and disposal of carcasses,monitoring of the water quality and epidemics,disinfection of environmental ruins,epidemic control in resettled areas,precaution of the secondary disasters caused by the earthquake and conduction of large-scale health education.The emergency command system for medical rescue and disease control and prevention in the worst-hit Mianyang areas after Wenchuan Earthquake integrated resources,carried out the unified command and responded rapidly.Moreover,the headquarter of medical relief coordinated and orderly unified the governmental and non-governmental organizations,which achieved good performance for both medical relief and anti-epidemic.The experience of earthquake medical relief will benefit the post-disaster reconstruction,as well as the establishment of national and regional emergency response systems.
The May 12 8-magnitude earthquake caused damage to 87.7%of the health systems in the worst-hit Mianyang areas with 326 casualties and the direct economic loss of RMB 3 124 billion.Within 30 minutes after the earthquake,the Mianyang headquarters for earthquake disaster relief and the Mianyang public health headquarters for medical rescue and treatment were organized.Five medical teams were sent to Beichuang County,the worst-hit Mianyang area within four hours after the earthquake.A total of 22 947 wounded and sick were delivered to local hospitals after simple triage and rapid treatment through three station.By June 30,the Mianyang medical organisation had received 379 600 person times and admitted 21628 inpatients in total,including 2 772 severely-wounded(including 146 with limbs amputated and 846 dead during the stay).Since May 17,3381 wounded had been transferred to 14 provincial and city-level hospitals across China.On June 20,the Mianyang Rehabilitation Center for wounded and sick people was established and received 156 rehabilitation inpatients and cured 32 ones.Together with the medical team for psychological intervention,they provided psychological support for victims for over 70 000 person times.Within two hours after the earthquake,the Mianyang Organisation for Health and Epidemic Control and Prevention launched the emergency response plan for major natural disasters,prepared and improved the technical scheme for disease prevention after the earthquake.The organisation rapidly sent out emergency teams for disease control and prevention and completed the following tasks:disinfection and burial of corpses and disposal of carcasses,monitoring of the water quality and epidemics,disinfection of environmental ruins,epidemic control in resettled areas,precaution of the secondary disasters caused by the earthquake and conduction of large-scale health education.The emergency command system for medical rescue and disease control and prevention in the worst-hit Mianyang areas after Wenchuan Earthquake integrated resources,carried out the unified command and responded rapidly.Moreover,the headquarter of medical relief coordinated and orderly unified the governmental and non-governmental organizations,which achieved good performance for both medical relief and anti-epidemic.The experience of earthquake medical relief will benefit the post-disaster reconstruction,as well as the establishment of national and regional emergency response systems.
引文
1绵阳年鉴.2007/《绵阳年鉴》编辑部主编.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007.12.
2绵阳市2007年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.见:URL:http://www.jiangyou.gov.cn/bmwz/942947769050464256/20080318/272212.html.
3郝清华,王群英.加强应对突发共公卫生事件的思考.现代预防医学,2008,35(8):1488-1489.
4周云,侯再金,向定全,等.基层疾控机构应急机制的控索与实践.现代预防医学,2007,34(18):3526-3529.
5孙亚菲.体制沉疴之患.新闻周刊,2003,(15):34.
6叶盛,陶红,姚中华.社区卫生服务综合改革社会满意度调查分析.中国卫生事业管理,2008,239(5):330-331.
2绵阳市2007年国民经济和社会发展统计公报.见:URL:http://www.jiangyou.gov.cn/bmwz/942947769050464256/20080318/272212.html.
3郝清华,王群英.加强应对突发共公卫生事件的思考.现代预防医学,2008,35(8):1488-1489.
4周云,侯再金,向定全,等.基层疾控机构应急机制的控索与实践.现代预防医学,2007,34(18):3526-3529.
5孙亚菲.体制沉疴之患.新闻周刊,2003,(15):34.
6叶盛,陶红,姚中华.社区卫生服务综合改革社会满意度调查分析.中国卫生事业管理,2008,239(5):330-331.
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