流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测
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摘要
震相到时的自动精确检测对实现海量波形数据自动处理有重要意义.针对流动地震台阵观测,本文综合利用单台AKAIKE信息准则(AIC)和多台最小二乘互相关方法,发展了震相自动精确检测技术.检测结果表明,在长短时平均比值方法(STA/LTA)检测地震事件的基础上,利用单台AIC方法,近震初至震相检测精度小于0.3S;利用多台最小二乘互相关方法,能够可靠地检测高信噪比地震的初至震相到时,当信噪比较低时,能够有效地避免初至震相的错误判别.
Automatic phase picking is a critical procedure for seismic data processing, especially for a huge amount of seismic data recorded by a large-scale portable seismic array. In this study is presented a new method used for automatic accurate onset phase picking based on the property of dense seismic array observations. In our method, the Akaike′s information criterion (AIC) for the single channel observation and the least-squares cross- correlation for the multi-channel observation are combined together. The tests by the seismic array observation data after triggering with the short-term average/long-term average (STA/LTA) technique show that the phase picking error is less than 0.3 s for local events by using the single channel AIC algorithm. In terms of multi-channel least-squares cross-correlation technique, the clear teleseismic P onset can be detected reliably. Even for the teleseismic records with high noise level, our algorithm is also able to effectually avoid manual misdetections.
Automatic phase picking is a critical procedure for seismic data processing, especially for a huge amount of seismic data recorded by a large-scale portable seismic array. In this study is presented a new method used for automatic accurate onset phase picking based on the property of dense seismic array observations. In our method, the Akaike′s information criterion (AIC) for the single channel observation and the least-squares cross- correlation for the multi-channel observation are combined together. The tests by the seismic array observation data after triggering with the short-term average/long-term average (STA/LTA) technique show that the phase picking error is less than 0.3 s for local events by using the single channel AIC algorithm. In terms of multi-channel least-squares cross-correlation technique, the clear teleseismic P onset can be detected reliably. Even for the teleseismic records with high noise level, our algorithm is also able to effectually avoid manual misdetections.
引文
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李慧婷,黄文晖,陈贵美.2000.应用人工神经网络方法识别近震与远震[J].华南地震,20(4):71~75
刘启元.1986.美国大陆岩石圈的地震台阵研究计划[J].地震地质译丛,8(6):21~24
刘启元.2000.高分辨率地震成像研究21世纪地震学发展的一个重要趋势[J].国际地震动态,(4):9~11
刘启元,李志明,沈立人,等.1993.GDS-1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统[J].地球物理学报,36(5):600~608
刘启元,吴建春.2003.论地震数值预报关于我国地震预报研究发展战略的思考[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):217~224
刘希强,周蕙兰.2000.用于三分量记录震相识别的小波变换方法[J].地震学报,22(2):125~131
沈萍,郑治真,刘希强,等.2002.小震的综合识别研究[J].地震学报,24(2):169~175
ALLENRV.1978.AUTOMATICEARTHQUAKERECOGNITIONANDTIMINGFROMSINGLETRACES[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,68(5):1521~1533
BAERM,KRADOLFERU.1987.ANAUTOMATICPHASEPICKERFORLOCALANDTELESEISMICEVENTS[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,77(4):1437~1445
BOSCHETTIF,DENTITHMD,LISTRDA.1996.FRACTAL-BASEDALGORITHMFORDETECTINGFIRSTARRIVALSONSEISMICTRACES[J].GEOPHYSICS,61(4):1095~1102
EKSTROMG,HUMPHREYSG,LEVANDERA.1998.USARRAY—PROBINGTHECONTINENT[J].IRISNEWSLETTER,16(2):2~6
HAYKINS.1996.ADAPTIVEFILTERTHEORY[M].UPPERSADDLERIVER,NEWJERSEY:PRENTICEHALL,1~989
KANWALDIPAS,FARIDUD.1997.WAVELETTRANSFORMMETHODSFORPHASEIDENTIFICATIONINTHREE-COMPONENTSEISMOGRAMS[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,87(6):1598~1612
LANGSTONCA.1979.STRUCTUREUNDERMOUNTRAINIER,WASHINGTON,INFERREDFROMTELESEISMICBODYWAVES[J].JGEOPHYSRES,84(B9):4749~4762
MAEDAN.1985.AMETHODFORREADINGANDCHECKINGPHASETIMESINAUTOPROCESSINGSYSTEMOFSEISMICWAVEDATA[J].ZISIN=JISHIN,38:617~643
SLEEMANR,ORILDVE.1999.ROBUSTAUTOMATICP-PHASEPICKING:ANON-LINEIMPLEMENTATIONINTHEANALYSISOFBROAD-BANDSEISMOGRAMRECORDING[J].PHYSEARTHPLANETINTER,113:265~275
STEVENSONR.1976.MICROEARTHQUAKESATFLATHEADLAKE,MONTANA:ASTUDYUSINGAUTOMATICEARTHQUAKEPROCESSING[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,66:61~79
VANDECARJC.1990.DETERMINATIONOFTELESEISMICRELATIVEPHASEARRIVALTIMESUSINGMULTI-CHANNELCROSS-CORRELATIONANDLEASTSQUARES[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,80(1):150~169
WAGNERGS,OWENSTJ.1996.SIGNALDETECTIONUSINGMULTI-CHANNELSEISMICDATA[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,86(1A):221~231
WANGJ,TENGTL.1995.ARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORK-BASEDSEISMICDETECTOR[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,85(1):308~319
ZHANGHJ,THURBERC,ROWEC.2003.AUTOMATICP-WAVEARRIVALDETECTIONANDPICKINGWITHMULTISCALEWAVELETANALYSISFORSINGLE-COMPONENTRECORDINGS[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,93(5):1904~1912
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