国外创伤后应激障碍干预模式及其启示
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摘要
5.12地震给人们心理健康造成极大损伤,这对我国的危机干预体系是一个严峻的考验。而国外的干预模式则相对成熟,这些不同的干预模式可分为三类:一是阶段划分模式,即针对干预过程不同阶段的特点采取不同的措施。二是整合模式,即将不同的干预模式、支持资源加以整合。三是特异性模式,即针对特殊人群、特殊情境的干预策略。我们虽然不能照搬外国的干预模式,但其思路与技术、经验与教训还是值得借鉴的。
5·12 earthquake causes great damage to our mental health,which is a severe tribulation to China Crisis intervention system.At the same time,foreign intervention models are relatively mature.Many intervention models can be divided into three categories:(1) Technology for stage partitions which divide the intervention process as different stages and take different tactics.(2) Integration trend,which integrates different intervention models and resource of support.(3) Taking different tactics for the different people and different stress situations.Although we can not copy the modes of foreign intervention,their ideas and skills,experience and lessons should we use for reference.
5·12 earthquake causes great damage to our mental health,which is a severe tribulation to China Crisis intervention system.At the same time,foreign intervention models are relatively mature.Many intervention models can be divided into three categories:(1) Technology for stage partitions which divide the intervention process as different stages and take different tactics.(2) Integration trend,which integrates different intervention models and resource of support.(3) Taking different tactics for the different people and different stress situations.Although we can not copy the modes of foreign intervention,their ideas and skills,experience and lessons should we use for reference.
引文
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[2]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):614~616.
[3]Everly G S.Emergency mental health:An overview.Interna-tional Journal of Emergency Mental Health,1999,1(1):3~7.
[4]童辉杰,杨雪龙.关于严重突发事件危机干预的研究评述.心理科学进展,2003,11(4):382~386.
[5]Everly G S,Boyle S H.Critical incident stress debriefing(CISD):A meta-analysis.International Journal of Emer-gency Mental Health,1999,1(3):165~168.
[6]Lindemann E.The meaning of crisis in individual and family.Teachers College Record,1956,57:310.
[7]O’Halloran M S,Copeland E P.Crisis intervention with ear-ly adolescents who have suffered a significant loss.In:A RRoberts ed.Crisis Intervention Handbook:Assessment,Treatment,and Research(2nd ed.).London:Oxford Uni-versity Press,2000:101~130.
[8]Belkin G S.Introduction to Counseling.Dubuque,LA:Wil-liam C.Brown,1984:20~80.
[9]North C S,Hong B A.Project CREST:A new model formental health intervention after a community disaster.Ameri-can Journal of Public Health,2000,90(7):1057~1058.
[10]Eaton Y M,Ertl B.The comprehensive crisis interventionmodel of Community Integration,Inc.Crisis Services.In:A R Roberts ed.Crisis Intervention Handbook:Assess-ment,Treatment,and Research(2nd ed.).London:Ox-ford University Press,2000.373~388.
[11]Gordon N S,et al.Children and Disasters.The Series inTrauma and Loss.Philadelphia,PA:Brunner/Mazel,1999:194.
[12]Huleatt W J,et al.Pentagon family assistance center inter-agency mental health collaboration and response.MilitaryMedicine,2002,167:68~70.
[13]安芹,贾晓明.危机事件后心理干预模式的探索———非典后大学生小组心理干预研究报告.中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(l):51~53.
[14]Pynoos R S,Goenjian A,Tashjian M,et al.post-trau-matic stress reaction in children after 1988 Armenian earth-quake in Armenia.J AM Psychiatry,1994,151:895-901.
[2]秦虹云,季建林.PTSD及其危机干预.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):614~616.
[3]Everly G S.Emergency mental health:An overview.Interna-tional Journal of Emergency Mental Health,1999,1(1):3~7.
[4]童辉杰,杨雪龙.关于严重突发事件危机干预的研究评述.心理科学进展,2003,11(4):382~386.
[5]Everly G S,Boyle S H.Critical incident stress debriefing(CISD):A meta-analysis.International Journal of Emer-gency Mental Health,1999,1(3):165~168.
[6]Lindemann E.The meaning of crisis in individual and family.Teachers College Record,1956,57:310.
[7]O’Halloran M S,Copeland E P.Crisis intervention with ear-ly adolescents who have suffered a significant loss.In:A RRoberts ed.Crisis Intervention Handbook:Assessment,Treatment,and Research(2nd ed.).London:Oxford Uni-versity Press,2000:101~130.
[8]Belkin G S.Introduction to Counseling.Dubuque,LA:Wil-liam C.Brown,1984:20~80.
[9]North C S,Hong B A.Project CREST:A new model formental health intervention after a community disaster.Ameri-can Journal of Public Health,2000,90(7):1057~1058.
[10]Eaton Y M,Ertl B.The comprehensive crisis interventionmodel of Community Integration,Inc.Crisis Services.In:A R Roberts ed.Crisis Intervention Handbook:Assess-ment,Treatment,and Research(2nd ed.).London:Ox-ford University Press,2000.373~388.
[11]Gordon N S,et al.Children and Disasters.The Series inTrauma and Loss.Philadelphia,PA:Brunner/Mazel,1999:194.
[12]Huleatt W J,et al.Pentagon family assistance center inter-agency mental health collaboration and response.MilitaryMedicine,2002,167:68~70.
[13]安芹,贾晓明.危机事件后心理干预模式的探索———非典后大学生小组心理干预研究报告.中国健康心理学杂志,2005,13(l):51~53.
[14]Pynoos R S,Goenjian A,Tashjian M,et al.post-trau-matic stress reaction in children after 1988 Armenian earth-quake in Armenia.J AM Psychiatry,1994,151:895-901.
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