汶川大地震后女性应激反应的调查
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摘要
目的:探讨汶川大地震后受灾程度不同的两个区域中女性群体创伤后应激障碍的发生情况及其压力知觉、灾后社会支持的差异。方法:于2008年9月对北川县极重灾区及绵阳城区20～50岁的女性受灾群体共140人,进行压力知觉量表(PSS)、多层次社会支持量表(MSPSS)及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)测评,并进行比较,分析其与应激障碍的关系。结果:①受灾严重的北川组PSS评分30.35±6.86分明显高于绵阳组27.21±5.80分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②两组MSPSS平均得分分别为57.65±7.58分和57.09±7.59分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③北川县极重灾区PTSD调查人群的发生率(35.4%)明显高于绵阳重灾区(7.6%)(P<0.05)。结论:灾区女性的心理健康问题值得关注,尤其是极重灾区,专业人员应对其实施长期的身心健康照顾和心理咨询与治疗。
Objective:To investigate the posttraumatic stress disorder, perceived stress, and social support among females affected by Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake at different distances from epicenter.Methods:A total of 140 subjects was conducted in Beichuan and Mianyang of different exposures the earthquake in september 2008.The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-civilian version (PCL-C),perceived stress scale (PSS), and social support questionnaire were used to investigate the psychological stress in these females.Results:Mean PSS scores in Beichuan were 30.35±6.86, which higher than that (27.21±5.80) of Mianyang (P<0.05).Mean social support questionnaire scores were 57.65±7.58 in Beichuan and 57.09±7.59 in Mianyang, respectively, no differences between two groups (P>0.05). The incidences of PTSD were 35.4% in Beichuan, existed significant difference when compared with that (7.6%) of Mianyang (P<0.05).Conclusions:The Wenchuan earthquake causes serious psychological stress among females in Beichuan, especially for PTSD. Psychological professional organizations should pay closely attention to them.
Objective:To investigate the posttraumatic stress disorder, perceived stress, and social support among females affected by Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake at different distances from epicenter.Methods:A total of 140 subjects was conducted in Beichuan and Mianyang of different exposures the earthquake in september 2008.The posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-civilian version (PCL-C),perceived stress scale (PSS), and social support questionnaire were used to investigate the psychological stress in these females.Results:Mean PSS scores in Beichuan were 30.35±6.86, which higher than that (27.21±5.80) of Mianyang (P<0.05).Mean social support questionnaire scores were 57.65±7.58 in Beichuan and 57.09±7.59 in Mianyang, respectively, no differences between two groups (P>0.05). The incidences of PTSD were 35.4% in Beichuan, existed significant difference when compared with that (7.6%) of Mianyang (P<0.05).Conclusions:The Wenchuan earthquake causes serious psychological stress among females in Beichuan, especially for PTSD. Psychological professional organizations should pay closely attention to them.
引文
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[5]AsarnowJ,Glynn S,Pynoos RS,et al.When the earth stops shaking:earthquake sequelae among children diagnosed for pre-earthquake psy-chopathology[J].J AmAcad Child Adol Psychiatry,1999,38(8):1016-1023.
[6]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.
[2]Cohen S,Kamarck T,Mermelstein R.Aglobal measure of perceivedstress[J].J Health Soc Behav,1983,24(4):385-396.
[3]Blanchard EB,Jones Alexander J,Buckley TC,et al.Psychometric proper-ties of the PTSDchecklist(PCL)[J].Behav Res Ther,1996,34(8):669-673.
[4]张本,王学义,孙贺祥.唐山大地震对人类心身健康远期影响[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1998,12(4):200-202.
[5]AsarnowJ,Glynn S,Pynoos RS,et al.When the earth stops shaking:earthquake sequelae among children diagnosed for pre-earthquake psy-chopathology[J].J AmAcad Child Adol Psychiatry,1999,38(8):1016-1023.
[6]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.
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