华夏地块东南部地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究
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摘要
本研究采用SAM剪切波分裂分析方法,使用福建区域数字地震台网记录到的(1999年01月~2003年12月)的波形资料,挑选符合剪切波窗口条件的记录,得到华夏地块东南部地区(23°N~29°N,116°E~120°E)10个台站的剪切波分裂参数.研究结果表明,该区域快剪切波平均偏振方向为NW109.4°±42.6°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.5±1.5(ms/km),快剪切波平均偏振方向对应该区的水平主压应力方向.闽东台站NW方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NW向的水平主压应力和NW走向断裂的构造意义.两个闽西台站NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性.本研究证实,位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势方向与断裂走向一致,位于海边或岛上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向较为离散,主要是受到不规则表面地形和断裂交汇的影响.慢剪切波延迟时间的空间分布特征,显示沿海地区慢剪切波延迟时间变化较大,而内陆地区则较为平缓.
With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis and seismic wave data of Fujian Seismic Network(FJSN) from Jan.1999 to Dec.2003,seismic anisotropic parameters of 10 stations are obtained in southeast of Cathaysia block(23°N～29°N,116°E～120°E).The results show that the average polarization of fast shear-waves is NW109.4°±42.6°,and the average time delay of slow shear-waves is 2.5±1.5(ms/km).It is shown that the average polarization of fast shear-waves corresponds to the horizontal principal compressive stress of Fujian area.The predominant polarizations of stations in eastern Fujian are in NW direction,which suggests that the predominant polarizations are related to the horizontal principal compressive stress in Fujian,as well as to the strikes of faults in eastern Fujian.However,the predominant polarizations of two stations in western Fujian are in NE direction.It is shown that the predominant polarizations in western Fujian are different from the direction of horizontal principal compressive stress of Fujian area,but same with the strikes of faults in western Fujian area,which means that local tectonics and local stress field are very complicated.The results prove that the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults if the stations are on active faults.It is also proved that the polarizations are scattered if the stations are on seashore or on isles, which may be caused by irregular topography and crossing faults.From the spatial distribution of time delay of slow shear-waves,it is shown that the change of time delays is more obvious in seashore area than inland.
With SAM shear-wave splitting analysis and seismic wave data of Fujian Seismic Network(FJSN) from Jan.1999 to Dec.2003,seismic anisotropic parameters of 10 stations are obtained in southeast of Cathaysia block(23°N～29°N,116°E～120°E).The results show that the average polarization of fast shear-waves is NW109.4°±42.6°,and the average time delay of slow shear-waves is 2.5±1.5(ms/km).It is shown that the average polarization of fast shear-waves corresponds to the horizontal principal compressive stress of Fujian area.The predominant polarizations of stations in eastern Fujian are in NW direction,which suggests that the predominant polarizations are related to the horizontal principal compressive stress in Fujian,as well as to the strikes of faults in eastern Fujian.However,the predominant polarizations of two stations in western Fujian are in NE direction.It is shown that the predominant polarizations in western Fujian are different from the direction of horizontal principal compressive stress of Fujian area,but same with the strikes of faults in western Fujian area,which means that local tectonics and local stress field are very complicated.The results prove that the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults if the stations are on active faults.It is also proved that the polarizations are scattered if the stations are on seashore or on isles, which may be caused by irregular topography and crossing faults.From the spatial distribution of time delay of slow shear-waves,it is shown that the change of time delays is more obvious in seashore area than inland.
引文
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[4]周硕愚,吴云,秦小平等.基于多种GPS数据研究福建及其邻近海域1994-1997年地壳水平运动.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):471~479Zhou S Y,Wu Y,Qin X P,et al.Study on the crustal horizontalmovement in Fujian and its neighbouring sea region in 1994 to 1997based on several kinds of GPS surveying data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):471~479
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[7]陈晨.福建地区地震活动空间分布及活动断裂特点研究.地震,2005,25(3):102~108Chen C.Study on spatial distribution characteristics of seismicactivity and active fault in Fujian area.Earthquake(in Chinese),2005,25(3):102~108
[8]丁学仁,吴长江.福建及其沿海地区中强以上地震的震源机制研究.地壳形变与地震,1999,19(1):95~97Ding X R,Wu C J.Study on the resource mechanism of moderatelystrong earthquakes in Fujian and its coast.Crustal Deformation andEarthquake(in Chinese),1999,19(1):95~97
[9]陈园田,何丹明,陈新泽等.福建地区构造应力场的初步研究——I.晚侏罗纪-中更新世.台湾海峡,1999,18(3):291~Chen Y T,He D M,Chen X Z,et al.Preliminary study ofgeotectonic stress field in Fujian—I.Late Jurassic period to MiddlePleistocene period.Journal of Oceangraphy in Taiwan Strait(inChinese),1999,18(3):291~296
[10]许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492~501Xu Z H.A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,14(5):524~533
[11]牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣等.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果.科学通报,2005,50(8):839~840Niu Z J,Wang M,Sun H R,et al.Velocity field of present crustmovement of China.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2005,50(8):839~840
[12]Crampin S,Peacock S.A review of shear-wave splitting in thecompliant crack-critical anisotropic Earth.Wave Motion,2005,41:59~77
[13]Zhang Z J,Li Y K,Lu D Y,et al.Velocity and anisotropy structureof the crust in the Dabieshan orogenic belt from wide-angle seismicdata.Phys.Earth Planet.Interior.,2000,122:115~131
[14]高原,滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):180~185Gao Y,Teng J W.Studies on seismic anisotropy in the crust andmantle on Chinese mainland.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):180~185
[15]Crampin S.A review of wave motion in anisotropic and crackedelastic-media.Wave Motion,1981,3:343~391
[16]Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S,et al.Indication of high pore-fluidpressures in a seismically-active fault zone.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151:F1-F5
[17]Gao Y,Wang P D,Zheng S H,et al.Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in 1992 nearDongfang,Hainan Island,southern China.Geophys.J.Int.,1998,135(1):102~112
[18]Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation beforeearthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,157(2):578~582
[19]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17(3):283~293Gao Y,Zheng S H,Sun Y.Crack-induced anisotropy in the crustfrom shear wave splitting observed in Tangshan region,North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1995,8(3):351~363
[20]高原,郑斯华,周蕙兰.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图像及其变化.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):228~232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Zhou H L.Polarization patterns of fast shearwave in Tangshan region and their variations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):228~232
[21]石玉涛,高原,吴晶等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性—快剪切波偏振特性.地震学报,2006,28(6):574~585Shi Y T,Gao Y,Wu J,et al.Seismic anisotropy of the crust inYunnan,China:polarizations of fast shear-waves.Acta SeismologicaSinica,2006,19(6):620~632
[22]吴晶,高原,陈运泰等.首都圈西北部地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209~220Wu J,Gao Y,Chen Y T,et al.Seismic anisotropy in the crust inNorthwestern Capital area of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(1):209~220
[23]Peng Z G,Ben-Zion Y.Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropyalong the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian fault.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159:253~274
[24]范文,彭建兵,杜东菊.福建沿海地区地震与深部构造关系的研究.地学工程进展,1998,15(1):41~45Fan W,Peng J B,Du D J.Research of relation between earthquakeand infrastructure on Fujian along sea regions.Advance in EarthScience Engineering(in Chinese),1998,15(1):41~45
[25]洪星,杨贵.福建数字地震台网对泉州地震的监测能力.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(2):89~96Hong X,Yang G.Monitoring ability of Fujian digital seismic networkto the historical strong earthquake region of Quanzhou.Seismologicaland Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(2):89~96
[26]高原,刘希强,梁维等.剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统.中国地震,2004,20(1):101~107Gao Y,Liu X Q,Liang W,et al.Systematic analysis method ofshear-wave splitting:SAM software system.Earthquake Research inChina,2004,18(4):365~372
[27]高原,郑斯华,王培德.海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(2):221~232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Wang P D.Shear wave splitting of smallearthquakes in 1992 in Hainan Dongfang area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(2):221~232
[28]Crampin S,Gao Y.A review of techniques for measuring seismicshear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2006,159(1/2):1~14
[29]钱晓东,李白基,秦嘉政.2000年云南姚安Ms 6.5地震余震序列S波分裂研究.中国地震,2002,18(2):157~165Qian X D,Li B J,Qin J Z.Study on shear wave splitting forsequence of the aftershocks of Yao’anMs 6.5 earthquake inYunnan.Earthquake Research in China,2003,17(1):32~41
[30]聂童春,朱根灵.政和—大埔深(大)断裂带中段地质构造特征及其演化探讨.福建地质,2004,23(4):186~194Nie T C,Zhu G L.On the characteristics and evolution of geologicalstructures in the intermediate section of the Zhenghe-Dapu deepfaulted zone.Geology of Fujian(in Chinese),2004,23(4):186~194
[31]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征.地球物理学报,2006,49(1):189~196Lai Y G,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Shear wave splitting and thefeatures of the crustal stress field in the Capital circle.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):189~196
[32]Gao Y,Crampin S.A further stress-forecast earthquake(withhindsight),where migration of source earthquakes causes anomaliesin shear-wave polarizations.Tectonophysics,2006,426(3/4):253~262
[33]李宏,安其美,谢富仁.福建沿海边缘陆域的原地应力测量研究.地震学报,2005,27(5):508~514Li H,An Q M,Xie F R.Study on in-situ stress measurement aroundcoastal marginal land in Fujian.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,18(5):544~551
[2]Zhang Z J,Badal J,Li Y K,et al.Crust-upper mantle seismicvelocity structure across Southeastern China.Tectonophysics,2005,395:137~157
[3]周硕愚,帅平,郭逢英等.中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究——GPS、断层形变和水准等测量与震源机制结果的综合分析.地震学报,2000,22(1):66~72Zhou S Y,Shuai P,Guo F Y,et al.A quantitative research forpresent-time crustal motion in Fujian province,China and itsmarginal sea-synthetical analysis of GPS measurement,faultdeformation survey,leveling and focal mechanism solution.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(1):66~72
[4]周硕愚,吴云,秦小平等.基于多种GPS数据研究福建及其邻近海域1994-1997年地壳水平运动.地球物理学报,2000,43(4):471~479Zhou S Y,Wu Y,Qin X P,et al.Study on the crustal horizontalmovement in Fujian and its neighbouring sea region in 1994 to 1997based on several kinds of GPS surveying data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):471~479
[5]韦德光,揭育金,黄廷淦.福建省区域地质构造特征.中国区域地质,1997,16(2):162~170Wei D G,Jie Y J,Huang T G.Regional geological structure ofFujian.Regional Geology of China(in Chinese),1997,16(2):162~170
[6]丁祥焕,陈玉仁,黄钦若等.福建地震构造.见:马杏垣主编.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.39Ding X H,Chen Y R,Huang Q R,et al.Fujian seismic tectonic.In:Ma X Y ed.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.39
[7]陈晨.福建地区地震活动空间分布及活动断裂特点研究.地震,2005,25(3):102~108Chen C.Study on spatial distribution characteristics of seismicactivity and active fault in Fujian area.Earthquake(in Chinese),2005,25(3):102~108
[8]丁学仁,吴长江.福建及其沿海地区中强以上地震的震源机制研究.地壳形变与地震,1999,19(1):95~97Ding X R,Wu C J.Study on the resource mechanism of moderatelystrong earthquakes in Fujian and its coast.Crustal Deformation andEarthquake(in Chinese),1999,19(1):95~97
[9]陈园田,何丹明,陈新泽等.福建地区构造应力场的初步研究——I.晚侏罗纪-中更新世.台湾海峡,1999,18(3):291~Chen Y T,He D M,Chen X Z,et al.Preliminary study ofgeotectonic stress field in Fujian—I.Late Jurassic period to MiddlePleistocene period.Journal of Oceangraphy in Taiwan Strait(inChinese),1999,18(3):291~296
[10]许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492~501Xu Z H.A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001,14(5):524~533
[11]牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣等.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果.科学通报,2005,50(8):839~840Niu Z J,Wang M,Sun H R,et al.Velocity field of present crustmovement of China.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2005,50(8):839~840
[12]Crampin S,Peacock S.A review of shear-wave splitting in thecompliant crack-critical anisotropic Earth.Wave Motion,2005,41:59~77
[13]Zhang Z J,Li Y K,Lu D Y,et al.Velocity and anisotropy structureof the crust in the Dabieshan orogenic belt from wide-angle seismicdata.Phys.Earth Planet.Interior.,2000,122:115~131
[14]高原,滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):180~185Gao Y,Teng J W.Studies on seismic anisotropy in the crust andmantle on Chinese mainland.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):180~185
[15]Crampin S.A review of wave motion in anisotropic and crackedelastic-media.Wave Motion,1981,3:343~391
[16]Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S,et al.Indication of high pore-fluidpressures in a seismically-active fault zone.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151:F1-F5
[17]Gao Y,Wang P D,Zheng S H,et al.Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in 1992 nearDongfang,Hainan Island,southern China.Geophys.J.Int.,1998,135(1):102~112
[18]Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation beforeearthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,157(2):578~582
[19]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17(3):283~293Gao Y,Zheng S H,Sun Y.Crack-induced anisotropy in the crustfrom shear wave splitting observed in Tangshan region,North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1995,8(3):351~363
[20]高原,郑斯华,周蕙兰.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图像及其变化.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):228~232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Zhou H L.Polarization patterns of fast shearwave in Tangshan region and their variations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):228~232
[21]石玉涛,高原,吴晶等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性—快剪切波偏振特性.地震学报,2006,28(6):574~585Shi Y T,Gao Y,Wu J,et al.Seismic anisotropy of the crust inYunnan,China:polarizations of fast shear-waves.Acta SeismologicaSinica,2006,19(6):620~632
[22]吴晶,高原,陈运泰等.首都圈西北部地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209~220Wu J,Gao Y,Chen Y T,et al.Seismic anisotropy in the crust inNorthwestern Capital area of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2007,50(1):209~220
[23]Peng Z G,Ben-Zion Y.Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropyalong the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian fault.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159:253~274
[24]范文,彭建兵,杜东菊.福建沿海地区地震与深部构造关系的研究.地学工程进展,1998,15(1):41~45Fan W,Peng J B,Du D J.Research of relation between earthquakeand infrastructure on Fujian along sea regions.Advance in EarthScience Engineering(in Chinese),1998,15(1):41~45
[25]洪星,杨贵.福建数字地震台网对泉州地震的监测能力.地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(2):89~96Hong X,Yang G.Monitoring ability of Fujian digital seismic networkto the historical strong earthquake region of Quanzhou.Seismologicaland Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2005,26(2):89~96
[26]高原,刘希强,梁维等.剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统.中国地震,2004,20(1):101~107Gao Y,Liu X Q,Liang W,et al.Systematic analysis method ofshear-wave splitting:SAM software system.Earthquake Research inChina,2004,18(4):365~372
[27]高原,郑斯华,王培德.海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(2):221~232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Wang P D.Shear wave splitting of smallearthquakes in 1992 in Hainan Dongfang area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(2):221~232
[28]Crampin S,Gao Y.A review of techniques for measuring seismicshear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,2006,159(1/2):1~14
[29]钱晓东,李白基,秦嘉政.2000年云南姚安Ms 6.5地震余震序列S波分裂研究.中国地震,2002,18(2):157~165Qian X D,Li B J,Qin J Z.Study on shear wave splitting forsequence of the aftershocks of Yao’anMs 6.5 earthquake inYunnan.Earthquake Research in China,2003,17(1):32~41
[30]聂童春,朱根灵.政和—大埔深(大)断裂带中段地质构造特征及其演化探讨.福建地质,2004,23(4):186~194Nie T C,Zhu G L.On the characteristics and evolution of geologicalstructures in the intermediate section of the Zhenghe-Dapu deepfaulted zone.Geology of Fujian(in Chinese),2004,23(4):186~194
[31]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征.地球物理学报,2006,49(1):189~196Lai Y G,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Shear wave splitting and thefeatures of the crustal stress field in the Capital circle.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):189~196
[32]Gao Y,Crampin S.A further stress-forecast earthquake(withhindsight),where migration of source earthquakes causes anomaliesin shear-wave polarizations.Tectonophysics,2006,426(3/4):253~262
[33]李宏,安其美,谢富仁.福建沿海边缘陆域的原地应力测量研究.地震学报,2005,27(5):508~514Li H,An Q M,Xie F R.Study on in-situ stress measurement aroundcoastal marginal land in Fujian.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,18(5):544~551
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