“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急工作模式
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摘要
作为从事应急工作的专业人员,笔者参加了汶川地震灾区的医疗救援。根据在灾区工作的经验提出一些意见。一些地区未能在规定的时间内建立医疗卫生救援应急指挥机构和/或医疗卫生救援应急核心专家组,缺乏具有专业水平和实践经验的综合性医疗卫生应急专家。许多公民的依法应急意识不强。震后早期只能向有关领导人提供平面地图,3天后才拿得出遥感立体图象,这时抢救的黄金时段已过。多数来自外省的医疗救援队也是在黄金时段后到达四川。许多地方的卫生应急办事机构未能进入紧急医疗卫生救援前线指挥部。一些卫生行政部门信息报告内容过粗。缺少院外医疗急救现代通讯、信息系统和急救车辆。现场医疗急救力量明显不足。缺少国家空中医疗救援组织、人员和标准化装备。笔者认为,迫切需要建立和完善院外医疗卫生救援工作模式,包括应急管理机制,以协调各机构的活动。建立外援医疗队联席会议制度,指导建立现代紧急医学救援服务链,包括移动医院、急救车、中转站、帐篷医院等,应促进人文关怀和心理健康,应在绵阳建立医疗服务站和一所传染病医院。考虑到奥运会即将在北京举办,笔者认为可从震区的工作中获取可借鉴的经验。
As a professional engaged in emergency management who participated in the medical rescue in the disastrous area of Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan province, the author would like to give this opinions based ion his experience in the rescue work. Some places failed to establish emergency medical rescue commands and kernel expert groups within the time specified Experts experienced in comprehensive emergency medical management with sufficient professional knowledge lacked in many places. The consciousness of many citizens to deal with emergent events according to laws was weak. In the early stage after the earthquake only planar maps were provided to the leaders concerned, and remote sensing stereo Images were used only 3 days later, thus the prime time for rescuing life had already passed. Most medical assist team from outside Sichuan arrived after the prime time too. In many places medical emergency management institutions were not involved in the emergency medical assistance frontline command. The information reports of some health administration agencies were too crude and shallow. Pre-hospital communication equipment, information, and ambulance lacked. On-the-spot first-aid personnel and rescue equipments were insufficient, and there were not professional air medical rescue organization, personnel, and standardized equipment. During the earthquake period, the vulnerability of many medical institutions was exposed. The author hold that an extra-hospital medical rescue working model is needed, including an emergency management mechanism to coordinate different institutions to make them work together as a team. A joint conference system of external assistance medical teams should be established. An emergency medical rescue service chain, including mobile hospitals, ambulance, medical loading station, and tent hospitals, should be set up. Humane care and mental health should be promoted. Medical service stations and a designated hospital of infectious diseases should be established in Mianyang City. In light of the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing, the author considered that a good deal of enlightenment can be gained from the experience in the earthquake area.
As a professional engaged in emergency management who participated in the medical rescue in the disastrous area of Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan province, the author would like to give this opinions based ion his experience in the rescue work. Some places failed to establish emergency medical rescue commands and kernel expert groups within the time specified Experts experienced in comprehensive emergency medical management with sufficient professional knowledge lacked in many places. The consciousness of many citizens to deal with emergent events according to laws was weak. In the early stage after the earthquake only planar maps were provided to the leaders concerned, and remote sensing stereo Images were used only 3 days later, thus the prime time for rescuing life had already passed. Most medical assist team from outside Sichuan arrived after the prime time too. In many places medical emergency management institutions were not involved in the emergency medical assistance frontline command. The information reports of some health administration agencies were too crude and shallow. Pre-hospital communication equipment, information, and ambulance lacked. On-the-spot first-aid personnel and rescue equipments were insufficient, and there were not professional air medical rescue organization, personnel, and standardized equipment. During the earthquake period, the vulnerability of many medical institutions was exposed. The author hold that an extra-hospital medical rescue working model is needed, including an emergency management mechanism to coordinate different institutions to make them work together as a team. A joint conference system of external assistance medical teams should be established. An emergency medical rescue service chain, including mobile hospitals, ambulance, medical loading station, and tent hospitals, should be set up. Humane care and mental health should be promoted. Medical service stations and a designated hospital of infectious diseases should be established in Mianyang City. In light of the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing, the author considered that a good deal of enlightenment can be gained from the experience in the earthquake area.
引文
[1]李宗浩.创建发展中国救援医学事业.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(1):1-2.
[2]高星.北京公共卫生应急体制和能力建设研究.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(8):459.
[3]侯世科,樊毫军.移动医院的创建及其在国际救援中的应用.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(2):82.
[2]高星.北京公共卫生应急体制和能力建设研究.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(8):459.
[3]侯世科,樊毫军.移动医院的创建及其在国际救援中的应用.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(2):82.
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