印尼巨大地震引起的云南水位异常记录及其意义
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摘要
2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域相继发生了2次巨大地震,云南地区的地下水位观测记录到了这2次地震的大量信息。文中给出了云南水位数字和模拟记录到的印尼2次巨大地震的响应情况,并对其进行了初步分析。认为:目前的水位模拟记录较数字化记录能更清晰地看到巨大地震引起的水位异常变化过程;大震引起的水位上升和下降可能是地震波的作用改变了构造单元的应力所致,并与井点的地质构造部位有关;同一井孔对同一断层上破裂方式一致的大地震的响应方式是一致的,只是对震级大的地震响应幅度大,震级减小,响应幅度亦减小。
Two large earthquakes occurred continuously in the sea northwest of Sumatra,Indonesia,on 26 Dec.2004 and 29 Mar.2005.The observation of water level in Yunnan recorded abundant information about the two earthquakes.This paper presents the water level response to the two earthquakes in Yunnan and makes a preliminary analysis.The present digital water level recording may possibly lose some information,so large earthquake caused abnormal change of water level recorded by analog recording is clearer than that by digital recording.The well water level rise or decline caused by the two large earthquakes respectively was centralized in a small tectonic unit divided by large faults in Yunnan,and the change of water level rise or decline is evidently correlated with geological configuration.Water level rise or decline may be correlated with the change of regional stress field,but it wasn't caused by the change in direction of original stress field.The recent tectonic stress field in Yunnan is mainly divided into three areas.The first area is located east of Xiaojiang Fault;the second located in Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block,west of Xiaojiang Fault,north of Honghe Fault and east of Jinshanjiang fault;and the third located west of Honghe Fault.Water level rise or decline areas caused by Indonesia large earthquakes are not consistent with subareas according to direction of original stress field.The direction of stress field west of Lancangjiang Fault is basically same,but the change of water level caused by Indonesia large earthquake is divided into two sections by Nandinghe Fault,the north rises and the south declines.We think the reason for water level rise or decline is possibly that the seismic wave changes the stress state of the tectonic unit.Abnormal change of water level caused by large earthquake is mainly attributed to well water bearing bed responding to seismic wave.The change is mainly elastic deformation,so the records are mostly water wave-like as seismic wave.Because of difference of hydrogeologic conditions and effect of regional stress field and seismic wave additive stress field,the water bearing bed appeared to be in a stress adjustment stage after earthquake in a block or a fault.So in some wells,changes of water level rise or decline appeared,and the changes are also correlated with geological configuration.The two Indonesia large earthquakes occurred along the Sumatra Fault,its focal mechanism is similar to reverse fault.The shape of recordings of water level response to the two earthquakes in a same well is very similar except amplitude.So we inferred the water level response mode in same well is completely same for earthquake occurring on same fault and its fracture mode is similar,the difference is just that the response amplitude increases with the growth of magnitude.
Two large earthquakes occurred continuously in the sea northwest of Sumatra,Indonesia,on 26 Dec.2004 and 29 Mar.2005.The observation of water level in Yunnan recorded abundant information about the two earthquakes.This paper presents the water level response to the two earthquakes in Yunnan and makes a preliminary analysis.The present digital water level recording may possibly lose some information,so large earthquake caused abnormal change of water level recorded by analog recording is clearer than that by digital recording.The well water level rise or decline caused by the two large earthquakes respectively was centralized in a small tectonic unit divided by large faults in Yunnan,and the change of water level rise or decline is evidently correlated with geological configuration.Water level rise or decline may be correlated with the change of regional stress field,but it wasn't caused by the change in direction of original stress field.The recent tectonic stress field in Yunnan is mainly divided into three areas.The first area is located east of Xiaojiang Fault;the second located in Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block,west of Xiaojiang Fault,north of Honghe Fault and east of Jinshanjiang fault;and the third located west of Honghe Fault.Water level rise or decline areas caused by Indonesia large earthquakes are not consistent with subareas according to direction of original stress field.The direction of stress field west of Lancangjiang Fault is basically same,but the change of water level caused by Indonesia large earthquake is divided into two sections by Nandinghe Fault,the north rises and the south declines.We think the reason for water level rise or decline is possibly that the seismic wave changes the stress state of the tectonic unit.Abnormal change of water level caused by large earthquake is mainly attributed to well water bearing bed responding to seismic wave.The change is mainly elastic deformation,so the records are mostly water wave-like as seismic wave.Because of difference of hydrogeologic conditions and effect of regional stress field and seismic wave additive stress field,the water bearing bed appeared to be in a stress adjustment stage after earthquake in a block or a fault.So in some wells,changes of water level rise or decline appeared,and the changes are also correlated with geological configuration.The two Indonesia large earthquakes occurred along the Sumatra Fault,its focal mechanism is similar to reverse fault.The shape of recordings of water level response to the two earthquakes in a same well is very similar except amplitude.So we inferred the water level response mode in same well is completely same for earthquake occurring on same fault and its fracture mode is similar,the difference is just that the response amplitude increases with the growth of magnitude.
引文
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崔效锋,谢富仁,张红艳.2006.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,28(5):451—461.CUI Xiao-feng XIE Fu-ren ZHANG Hong-yan.2006.Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region andits dynamic interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,28(5):451—461(in Chinese).
付虹,刘丽芳,王世芹,等.2002.地方震及近震地下水同震、震后效应研究[J].地震,22(4):55—66.FU Hong,LIU Li-fang,WANG Shi-qin,et al.2002.Research on coseismic and post seismic effect of ground water forthe local and near earthquake[J].Earthquake,22(4):55—66(in Chinese).
黄辅琼,迟恭财,徐桂明,等.2000.大陆地下流体对台湾南投7·6级地震的响应研究[J].地震,20(1):119—125.HUANG Fu-qiong,CHI Gong-cai,XUGui-ming,et al.2000.Research on the response anomalies of subsurface fluid inmainland monitoring network to the Nantou earthquake withMS7·6[J].Earthquake,20(1):119—125(inChinese).
阚荣举,张四昌,晏风桐,等.1977.中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造运动特征的探讨[J].地球物理学报,20(2):108.KAN Rong-ju,,ZHANG Si-chang,YAN Feng-tong,et al.1977.Present tectonic stress field and its relation to thecharacteristics of recent tectonic activity in southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,20(2):108(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1990.日本秋田地震(1983年7·7级)引起中国应力场的震时调整变化[J].地震学报,12(1):62—69.ZHANG Zhao-dong,ZHENG Jin-han,FENG Chu-gang.1990.Adjustment variation of stress field in China with theAkita earthquake in Japan in1983[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(1):62—69(in Chinese).
张昭栋,赵淑平,董传富,等.1994.井水位阶变与含水层所受体应力之间的定量关系研究[J].地球物理学报,37(S1):222—229.ZHANG Zhao-dong,ZHAO Shu-ping,DONG Chuan-fu.1994.Quantitative relationship between the step variation inwell water level and the bulk stress in the aquifer[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,37(S1):222—229(inChinese).
中国地震局监测预报司编.2005.中国地震局印度尼西亚苏门答腊8·7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响[M].北京:地震出版社.Monitoring and Prediction Department of CEA(ed).2005.The Indonesia Sumatra earthquake with Magnitude8·7andits effect in China s mainland[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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