利用BP神经网络探测2012年印尼8.6级地震前的电离层异常扰动
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摘要
基于美国大学大气联盟发布的电离层F2层最大电子密度数据NmF2,以年积日DOY、当地时LT、经度LON、纬度LAT和F10.7太阳活动指数FLUX为输入,利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱构建区域电离层模型并进行模拟,通过模型值与观测值的比较发现,2012年4月11日印尼8.6级地震前震中附近上空NmF2在震前第16天(3月26日)明显减小约40%。
On the basis of the F2 layer peak electron density(NmF2) from University Corporation for Atmospheric Research(UCAR),U.S.A.,we constructed a Back Propogation(BP) artificial neural network(ANN) into which inputting five parameters:DOY(day of year),local time(LT),longitude(LON),latitude(LAT) and solar activity index of F10.7(FLUX) and then using the Matlab ANN for building the local ionosphere model and made the simulation.Through comparing the model value with observations during the 2012 Indonesia earthquake period,it is found that around the epicenter a obvious NmF2 decrease appeared on day 16(26 March) before the earthquake,the rate of decline to 40%.
On the basis of the F2 layer peak electron density(NmF2) from University Corporation for Atmospheric Research(UCAR),U.S.A.,we constructed a Back Propogation(BP) artificial neural network(ANN) into which inputting five parameters:DOY(day of year),local time(LT),longitude(LON),latitude(LAT) and solar activity index of F10.7(FLUX) and then using the Matlab ANN for building the local ionosphere model and made the simulation.Through comparing the model value with observations during the 2012 Indonesia earthquake period,it is found that around the epicenter a obvious NmF2 decrease appeared on day 16(26 March) before the earthquake,the rate of decline to 40%.
引文
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2 Liu J Y,et al.Variations of ionospheric total electron contentduring the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Geophysical ResearchLetters,2001,28:1 383-1 386.
3 Liu J Y,et al.A statistical investigation of preearthquake ion-ospheric anomaly[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,A05304.
4 Pulinets S and Boyarchuk K.Ionospheric Precursors of Earth-quakes[M].Springer,New York,2004.
5 Molchanov O,et al.Global diagnostics of the ionospheric per-turbations related to the seismic activity using the VLF radiosignals collected on the DEMETER satellite[J].NaturalHazards and Earth System Science,2006,6:745-753.
6 Molchanov O A and Hayakawa M.Seismo-electromagneticsand related phenomena:history and latest results Tokyo[M].Terra Scientific Publishing Company,2008.
7 Parrot M,et al.Examples of unusual ionospheric observa-tions made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31:486-495.
8 Oyama K I,et al.Reduction of electron temperature in lowlatitude ionosphere at 600 km before and after large earth-quakes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113,A11317.
9 Liu J Y,et al.Temporal and spatial precursors in the iono-spheric globalpositioning system(GPS)total electron con-tent observed before the 26 December 2004 M9.3 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115,A09312.
10 Zhao B Q,et al.Is an unusual large enhancement of iono-spheric electron density linked with the 2008 great Wen-chuan earthquake?[J].Jounal of Geophysical Research,2008,113:A11304.
11 Liu J Y,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron contentanomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009,114:A04320.
12 Zhou Y Y,et al.Ionospheric anomalies detected by ground-based GPSbefore the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May12,2008,China[J].Journal of Atomospheric and Solar-ter-restrial physics,2009,(71):959-966.
13 Lin J,et al.Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomalydetected by GPS[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):297-300.
14 Liu J Y,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies regis-tered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J].AnnalesGeophysicae,2004,22:1 585-1 593.
15 Liu J Y,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies regis-tered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[j].Ann Geo-physicae,2004,22:1 585-1 593.
16 Schreiner W,et al.Estimates of the precision of GPS radiooccultations from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission[J].Geophys Res Lett.,2007,34:L04808.
17 Lei J,et al.Comparison of COSMIC ionospheric measure-ments with ground-based observations and model predic-tions:preliminary results[J].J Geophys Res.,2007,112:A07308.
18 Rocken C,et al.COSMIC system description[J].Terr At-mos Ocean Sci.,2000,11(1):21-52.
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