中国地球深部结构和深层动力过程与主体发展方向
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摘要
地球深部结构、构造与大陆动力学研究在地球科学领域中占有重要地位。地球深部既是资源、能源形成和演化的场所,又是地震灾害的策源地。它涉及了当今众多相邻学科的发展与成就,故对地球本体的认识在不断深化,特别是地球深部物质与能量的交换和深层动力过程。本文在阐述我国20世纪,主要是20世纪下半叶以来地球深部结构与构造研究主体成就的基础上,依据当今该领域在全球范围内的发展趋势,探讨了21世纪初、中叶的发展导向,并提出了某些战略重点。基于这样的前提,文中着重讨论了以下6个问题:①地球深部结构与大陆动力学研究的意义、主题与目标;②地球物理深部地震探测揭示的地壳和上地幔的复杂性;③岩石圈内的大型滑脱构造和地震“孕育”的深部环境;④地球内部地震波传播速度分布与各向异性;⑤地球深部结构、构造与大陆动力学;⑥21世纪初、中叶地球深部与大陆动力学研究的发展战略重点。
The study of deep structure and tectonics of the Earth and continental dynamics occupies an important position in the geophysical field. Earth's interior is a formational and evolutional site of resources and energy sources and a place of origin of earthquake hazards. It has involved progress and achievements of many international disciplines, thus ceaselessly deepening the understanding of the earth itself, especially the exchange of substance and energy and the dynamic process within the spheres and layers of the Earth's interior. Based on the review of major achievements in the study of deep structure and tectonics in China during the 20th century, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, and the global trend in this field, this paper discusses the leading direction of the development in the early and middle 21st century and sets forth some strategic issues.This paper focuses the following six problems: (1) The aim, theme and objective of the research on the deep structure of the Earth and continental dynamics; (2) The complicacy of the crust and upper mantle disclosed by deep seismic sounding; (3) Large detachment structures in the lithosphere and the deep environment for the "gestation" of earthquakes; (4) Distribution of interior velocity and anisotropy; (5) Earth's deep structure, tectonics and continental dynamics; (6) Focal points of the development strategy for the study of Earth's interior and continental dynamics in the early and middle 21st century.
The study of deep structure and tectonics of the Earth and continental dynamics occupies an important position in the geophysical field. Earth's interior is a formational and evolutional site of resources and energy sources and a place of origin of earthquake hazards. It has involved progress and achievements of many international disciplines, thus ceaselessly deepening the understanding of the earth itself, especially the exchange of substance and energy and the dynamic process within the spheres and layers of the Earth's interior. Based on the review of major achievements in the study of deep structure and tectonics in China during the 20th century, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century, and the global trend in this field, this paper discusses the leading direction of the development in the early and middle 21st century and sets forth some strategic issues.This paper focuses the following six problems: (1) The aim, theme and objective of the research on the deep structure of the Earth and continental dynamics; (2) The complicacy of the crust and upper mantle disclosed by deep seismic sounding; (3) Large detachment structures in the lithosphere and the deep environment for the "gestation" of earthquakes; (4) Distribution of interior velocity and anisotropy; (5) Earth's deep structure, tectonics and continental dynamics; (6) Focal points of the development strategy for the study of Earth's interior and continental dynamics in the early and middle 21st century.
引文
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